Grootteordes (lengte): Verskil tussen weergawes
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|word ook een [[mikron]] genoem |
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|1–3 µm |
|1–3 µm |
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|diameter of a [[red blood cell]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.wadsworth.org/chemheme/heme/microscope/rbc.htm | title=Through the Microscope: Blood Cells - Life's Blood | publisher=Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health | accessdate=2011-09-13 }}</ref> |
|diameter of a [[red blood cell]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.wadsworth.org/chemheme/heme/microscope/rbc.htm | title=Through the Microscope: Blood Cells - Life's Blood | publisher=Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health | accessdate=2011-09-13 }}</ref> |
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|rowspan=3|10 µm |
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|10 µm |
|10 µm |
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|1/1000 inch, commonly referred to as one [[Thou (unit of length)|mil]] |
|1/1000 inch, commonly referred to as one [[Thou (unit of length)|mil]] |
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|rowspan=3|[[100 mikrometers|10<sup>−4</sup>]] |
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|rowspan=3|[[1 millimeter|10<sup>−3</sup>]] |
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|rowspan=3|1 [[ |
|rowspan=3|1 [[millimeter]] (mm) |
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|2.54 mm |
|2.54 mm |
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|1/10th inch; distance between pins in [[dual in-line package|DIP]] (dual-inline-package) electronic components |
|1/10th inch; distance between pins in [[dual in-line package|DIP]] (dual-inline-package) electronic components |
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|common military ammunition size |
|common military ammunition size |
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|rowspan=3|[[1 centimeter|10<sup>−2</sup>]] |
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|rowspan=3|1 [[ |
|rowspan=3|1 [[centimeter]] (cm) |
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|1.5 cm |
|1.5 cm |
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|length of a large [[mosquito]] |
|length of a large [[mosquito]] |
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|diameter of a [[golf ball]] |
|diameter of a [[golf ball]] |
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|rowspan=3|[[1 decimeter|10<sup>−1</sup>]] |
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|rowspan=3|1 [[decimeter]] (dm) |
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|10 cm |
|10 cm |
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|wavelength of the highest [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] radio frequency, 3 GHz |
|wavelength of the highest [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] radio frequency, 3 GHz |
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| 1 m |
| 1 m |
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|wavelength of the lowest [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] and highest [[Very high frequency|VHF]] radio frequency, 300 MHz |
|wavelength of the lowest [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] and highest [[Very high frequency|VHF]] radio frequency, 300 MHz |
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|The length of a London Bus ([[Routemaster]]) |
|The length of a London Bus ([[Routemaster]]) |
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|rowspan=3|[[1 dekameter|10<sup>1</sup>]] |
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|rowspan=3|1 [[dekameter]] (dam) |
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|10 m |
|10 m |
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|wavelength of the lowest [[Very high frequency|VHF]] and highest [[shortwave]] radio frequency, 30 MHz |
|wavelength of the lowest [[Very high frequency|VHF]] and highest [[shortwave]] radio frequency, 30 MHz |
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|height of the [[Statue of Liberty]] (foundation of pedestal to torch) |
|height of the [[Statue of Liberty]] (foundation of pedestal to torch) |
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|rowspan=3|[[1 hectometer|10<sup>2</sup>]] |
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|rowspan=3|1 [[hectometer]] (hm) |
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|100 m |
|100 m |
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|wavelength of the lowest [[shortwave]] radio frequency and highest [[medium wave]] radio frequency, 3 MHz |
|wavelength of the lowest [[shortwave]] radio frequency and highest [[medium wave]] radio frequency, 3 MHz |
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|rowspan=3|1 [[kilometer]] (km) |
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|1 km |
|1 km |
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|wavelength of the lowest [[medium wave]] radio frequency, 300 kHz |
|wavelength of the lowest [[medium wave]] radio frequency, 300 kHz |
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|height of the highest mountain on earth, [[Mount Everest]] |
|height of the highest mountain on earth, [[Mount Everest]] |
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|rowspan=3|[[10 kilometers|10<sup>4</sup>]]<!-- Please consider renaming the obsolete term myriametre to [[10 kilometres (order of magnitude)]] --> |
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|rowspan=3|10 km |
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|10.911 km |
|10.911 km |
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|width of the [[Bering Strait]] |
|width of the [[Bering Strait]] |
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|rowspan=3|[[100 |
|rowspan=3|[[100 kilometers|10<sup>5</sup>]] |
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|rowspan=3|100 km |
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|111 km |
|111 km |
Wysiging soos op 12:27, 2 April 2012
Hierdie artikel moet vertaal word. Indien die artikel nie vertaal of oorgeskryf word binne die volgende twee weke nie, sal dit gelys word vir verwydering.
|
Afdeling | Reeks (m) | Eenheid | Voorbeeld | |
---|---|---|---|---|
≥ | < | |||
Subatomies | 0 | 10−15 | am | elektron, kwark, string, Planck-lengte |
Atoom na sellulêre | 10−15 | 10−12 | fm | proton, neutron |
10−12 | 10−9 | pm | golflengte van gammastrale en x-strale, waterstof atoom | |
10−9 | 10−6 | nm | DNA heliks, virus, golflengte van sigbare spektrum | |
Menslike skaal | 10−6 | 10−3 | µm | bakterie, mis (water druppel), menslike haar[1] |
10−3 | 100 | mm | muskiet, golfbal, voetbal (sokkerbal) | |
100 | 103 | m | mens, voetbal (sokkerveld), Eiffel-toring | |
103 | 106 | km | Mount Everest, lengte van die Panamakanaal, groter asteroïde | |
Astronomies | 106 | 109 | Mm | die Maan, Aarde, een ligsekonde |
109 | 1012 | Gm | Son, een ligminuut, Aarde se wentelbaan | |
1012 | 1015 | Tm | wentelbane van buitenste planete, Sonnestelsel | |
1015 | 1018 | Pm | een ligjaar; afstand na Proxima Centauri | |
1018 | 1021 | Em | spiraalvormige sterrestelsel | |
1021 | 1024 | Zm | Melkweg, afstand na Andromeda sterrestelsel | |
1024 | ∞ | Ym | waarneembare heelal |
Gedetailleerde lys
Om te help verskillende grootteordes te vergelyk, die volgende lys verduidelik die verskeie lengtes tussen 1.6×10−35 m en 1.3×1026 m.
Subatomies
Faktor (m) | Meervoudige | Waarde | Item |
---|---|---|---|
10−35 | 0.000000000016 ym (1.6×10−35 m) | Planck-lengte; grootte van 'n hipotetiese string en van membrane; volgens die string theorie lengtes kleiner as dit maak nie wetenskaplik sin nie.[2]
Gedink kwantum skuim bestaan op hierdie vlak. | |
10−24 | 1 joktometer (ym) | 20 ym (2 × 10−23 meters) | effektiewe dwarsdeursnit radius van 1 MeV neutrinos[3] |
10−21 | 1 zeptometer (zm) | Preons, hipotetiese deeltjies voorgestel as onderafdelings van quarks en leptonen; die bogrens vir die breedte van 'n kosmiese string in string theorie. | |
7 zm (7 × 10−21 meters) | effektiewe dwarsdeursnit radius van hoë energie neutrinos[4] | ||
354 zm (3.54 × 10−19 meters) | de Broglie golflengte van protone by die Large Hadron Collider (3.5 TeV van 2011) | ||
10−18 | 1 attometer (am) | boonste limiet vir die grootte van quarks en elektrone | |
sensitiwiteit van die LIGO detektor vir gravitasie golwe | |||
bogrens van die tipiese grootte vir "fundamentele stringe"[2] | |||
10−17 | 10 am | omvang van die swak kernkrag | |
10−16 | 100 am | Volgens Craig Hogan, 'n wetenskaplike van Fermilab, die voorgespelde skaal van resolusie van ruimtetyd, as daar aanvaar word dat die heelal voldoen aan die holografiese beginsel, 'n voorspelling dat volgens voorlopige verslae is in ooreenstemming met waarnemings by die GEO 600 detektor.[5] |
Atoom na sellulêre
Faktor (m) | Meervoudige | Waarde | Item
|
---|---|---|---|
10−15 | 1 femtometre (fm) | 1.5 fm | size of an 11 MeV proton[6] |
2.81794 fm | classical electron radius[7] | ||
scale of the atomic nucleus[2][8] | |||
10−14 | 10 fm | ||
10−13 | 100 fm |
| |
10−12 | 1 picometre (pm) | ... | longest wavelength of gamma rays |
2.4 pm | Compton wavelength of electron | ||
5 pm | wavelength of shortest X-rays | ||
10−11 | 10 pm | 25 pm | radius of hydrogen atom |
31 pm | radius of helium atom | ||
53 pm | Bohr radius | ||
10−10 | 100 pm | 100 pm (0.1 nm) | 1 Ångström (also covalent radius of sulfur atom[9]) |
154 pm (0.154 nm) | length of a typical covalent bond (C–C). | ||
500 pm (0.50 nm) | width of protein α helix
| ||
10−9 | 1 nanometre (nm) | 1 nm | diameter of a carbon nanotube[10] |
2.5 nm | Smallest transistor gate oxide thickness microprocessors (as of Jan 2007) | ||
6–10 nm | thickness of cell membrane | ||
10−8 | 10 nm | 10 nm | thickness of cell wall in gram-negative bacteria[verwysing benodig] |
40 nm | extreme ultraviolet wavelength | ||
90 nm | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (generally, viruses range in size from 20 nm to 450 nm) | ||
10−7 | 100 nm | 121.6 nm | wavelength of the lyman-alpha line[11] |
380–435 nm | wavelength of violet light—see color and optical spectrum[12] | ||
625–740 nm | wavelength of red light[12] |
Menslike skaal
Faktor (m) | Meervoudige | Waarde | Item
|
---|---|---|---|
10−6 | 1 mikrometer (µm) | 1 µm | word ook een mikron genoem |
1–3 µm | particle size that a surgical mask removes at 80–95% efficiency[verwysing benodig] | ||
6-8 µm | diameter of a red blood cell[13] | ||
10−5 | 10 µm | 10 µm | typical size of a fog, mist or cloud water droplet. Chip 10 µm process in 1971. |
12 µm | width of acrylic fibre | ||
25.4 µm | 1/1000 inch, commonly referred to as one mil | ||
10−4 | 100 µm | 100 µm | width of a strand of human hair[14] |
200 µm | typical length of Paramecium caudatum, a ciliate protist | ||
750 µm | maximum diameter of Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest bacterium ever discovered | ||
10−3 | 1 millimeter (mm) | 2.54 mm | 1/10th inch; distance between pins in DIP (dual-inline-package) electronic components |
5 mm | length of average red ant | ||
7.62 mm | common military ammunition size | ||
10−2 | 1 centimeter (cm) | 1.5 cm | length of a large mosquito |
2.54 cm | 1 inch | ||
4.267 cm | diameter of a golf ball | ||
10−1 | 1 decimeter (dm) | 10 cm | wavelength of the highest UHF radio frequency, 3 GHz |
30.48 cm | 1 foot | ||
91 cm | 1 yard
| ||
100 | 1 meter | 1 m | wavelength of the lowest UHF and highest VHF radio frequency, 300 MHz |
1.7 m (5 feet 7 inches) | average height of a human | ||
8.38 m | The length of a London Bus (Routemaster) | ||
101 | 1 dekameter (dam) | 10 m | wavelength of the lowest VHF and highest shortwave radio frequency, 30 MHz |
33 m | length of longest blue whale measured, the largest animal[15] | ||
93.47 m | height of the Statue of Liberty (foundation of pedestal to torch) | ||
102 | 1 hectometer (hm) | 100 m | wavelength of the lowest shortwave radio frequency and highest medium wave radio frequency, 3 MHz |
137 m (147 m) | height (present and original) of the Great Pyramid of Giza | ||
979 m | height of the Salto Angel, the world's highest free-falling waterfall (Venezuela)
| ||
103 | 1 kilometer (km) | 1 km | wavelength of the lowest medium wave radio frequency, 300 kHz |
1609 m | 1 international mile | ||
8848 m | height of the highest mountain on earth, Mount Everest | ||
104 | 10 km | 10.911 km | depth of deepest part of the ocean, Mariana Trench |
13 km | narrowest width of the Strait of Gibraltar, separating Europe and Africa | ||
90 km | width of the Bering Strait | ||
105 | 100 km | 111 km | distance covered by one degree of latitude on Earth's surface |
163 km | length of the Suez Canal | ||
974.6 km | greatest diameter[16] of the dwarf planet,[note 1] Ceres |
Astronomies
Sjabloon:Orders of magnitude (length) imagemap astronomical-scale
Faktor (m) | Meervoudige | Waarde | Item
|
---|---|---|---|
106 | 1,000 km = 1 megametre (Mm) | 2,390 km | diameter of dwarf planet Pluto, formerly the smallest planet category[note 1] of our solar system |
3,480 km | diameter of the Moon | ||
5,200 km | typical distance covered by the winner of the 24 hours of Le Mans automobile endurance race | ||
6,400 km | length of the Great Wall of China | ||
6,600 km | approximate length of the two longest rivers, the Nile and the Amazon | ||
7,821 km | length of the Trans-Canada Highway | ||
9,288 km | length of the Trans-Siberian Railway, longest in the world
| ||
107 | 10,000 km | 12,756 km | equatorial diameter of the Earth |
40,075 km | length of the Earth's equator
| ||
108 | 100,000 km | 142,984 km | diameter of Jupiter |
299,792.458 km | distance travelled by light in one second | ||
384,000 km = 384 Mm | Moon's orbital distance from Earth
| ||
109 | 1 million km = 1 gigametre (Gm) | 1,390,000 km = 1.39 Gm | diameter of the Sun |
4,200,000 km = 4.2 Gm | greatest mileage ever recorded by a car (A 1966 Volvo P-1800S, still driving)
| ||
1010 | 10 million km | 18 million km | approximately one light-minute
|
1011 | 100 million km | 150 million km = 150 Gm | 1 astronomical unit (AU); mean distance between Earth and Sun |
~ 900 Gm | optical diameter of Betelgeuse (~600 × Sun)
| ||
1012 | 1000 million km = 1 terametre (Tm) | 1.4 ×109 km | orbital distance of Saturn from Sun |
~ 3 ×109 km | estimated optical diameter of VY Canis Majoris, as of 2007 the largest known star (~2000 × Sun) | ||
5.9 ×109 km = 5.9 Tm | orbital distance of Pluto from Sun | ||
~ 7.5 ×109 km = 7.5 Tm | outer boundary of the Kuiper belt, inner boundary of the Oort cloud (~ 50 AU)
| ||
1013 | 10 Tm | diameter of our Solar System as a whole[2] | |
16.25×109 km = 16.25 Tm | distance of the Voyager 1 spacecraft from Sun (Sjabloon:As of), the farthest man-made object so far[17]
| ||
1014 | 100 Tm | 1.8×1011 km = 180 Tm | size of the debris disk around the star 51 Pegasi [18] |
1015 | 1 petametre (Pm) | ~ 7.5 ×1012 km = 7.5 Pm | supposed outer boundary of the Oort cloud (~ 50,000 AU) |
9.46×1012 km = 9.46 Pm = 1 light year |
distance travelled by light in one year; at its current speed, Voyager 1 would need 17,500 years to travel this distance
| ||
1016 | 10 Pm | 3.2616 light-years (3.08568×1016 m = 30.8568 Pm) |
1 parsec |
4.22 light-years = 39.9 Pm | distance to nearest star (Proxima Centauri) | ||
10.4 light-years = 98.4 Pm | as of September 2007, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet (Epsilon Eridani b)
| ||
1017 | 100 Pm | 20.4 light-years = 193 Pm | as of October 2010, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet with potential to support life as we know it (Gliese 581 d) |
65 light-years = 6.15×1017 m = 615 Pm | approximate radius of humanity's radio bubble, caused by high-power TV broadcasts leaking through the atmosphere into outer space
| ||
1018 | 1 exametre (Em) | 200 light-years = 1.9 Em | distance to nearby solar twin (HIP 56948), a star with properties virtually identical to our Sun [19]
|
1019 | 10 Em | 1,000 light-years = 9.46 Em or 9.46 × 1015 km | average thickness of Milky Way Galaxy[20] (1000 to 3000 ly by 21 cm observations[21])
|
1020 | 100 Em | 12,000 light-years = 113.5 Em or 1.135 × 1017 km | thickness of Milky Way Galaxy's gaseous disk[22]
|
1021 | 1 zettametre (Zm) | 100,000 light-years | diameter of galactic disk of Milky Way Galaxy[2] |
50 kiloparsecs | distance to SN 1987A, the most recent naked eye supernova | ||
52 kiloparsecs = 1.6×1021 m = 1.6 Zm | distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way) | ||
54 kiloparsecs = 1.66 Zm | distance to the Small Magellanic Cloud (another dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way)
| ||
1022 | 10 Zm | 22.3 Zm = 2.36 million light-years = 725 kiloparsecs |
distance to Andromeda Galaxy |
50 Zm (1.6 Mpc) | diameter of Local Group of galaxies
| ||
1023 | 100 Zm | 300–600 Zm = 10–20 megaparsecs | distance to Virgo cluster of galaxies
|
1024 | 1 yottametre (Ym) | 200 million light-years = 2 Ym = 60 megaparsecs |
diameter of the Local Supercluster and the largest voids and filaments. |
550 million light-years ~170 megaparsecs ~5 Ym |
diameter of the enormous Horologium Supercluster [23]
| ||
1025 | 10 Ym | 1.37 billion light years = 1.3×1025 m = 13 Ym |
Length of the Sloan Great Wall, a giant wall of galaxies (galactic filament.[24]
|
1026 | 100 Ym | 1×1010 light-years = 1026 m = 100 Ym |
estimated light travel distance to certain quasars |
92×109 light years = 9.2×1026 m = 920 Ym |
approx. diameter (comoving distance) of the visible universe[2] | ||
1027 | 1000 Ym | ~250 billion light years = 2.4×1027 m = 2400 Ym |
According to one estimate using the WMAP data,[25] it can be said with 95% confidence that there is a lower limit of 21 particle horizon size patches in the universe. |
Ym | megaparsecs = m = Ym |
size of universe after cosmological inflation, implied by one resolution of the No-Boundary Proposal[26] |
Sien ook
- Posisie van die Aarde in die heelal
- Powers of Ten, a 1977 short documentary film which depicts the relative scale of the Universe in factors of ten.
Notas
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 The exact category (asteroid, dwarf planet or planet) to which particular solar system objects belong, has been subject to some revision since the discovery of extrasolar planets and trans-Neptunian objects
Verwysings
- ↑ According to The Physics Factbook, the diameter of human hair ranges from 17 to 181 µm. Ley, Brian (1999). "Width of a Human Hair". The Physics Factbook.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 Cliff Burgess (November 2007). "The Great Cosmic Roller-Coaster Ride". Scientific American (print). Scientific American, Inc. p. 55.
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geïgnoreer (hulp) - ↑ Carl R. Nave. "Cowan and Reines Neutrino Experiment". Besoek op 4 Desember 2008. (6.3 × 10−44 cm2, which gives an effective radius of about 2 × 10−23 m)
- ↑ New Scientist – Our world may be a giant hologram
- ↑ NIST. CODATA Value: classical electron radius. Retrieved 2009-02-10
- ↑ H. E. Smith. "The Scale of the Universe". UCSD. Besoek op 10 Februarie 2009.
~10-13cm
- ↑ Mark Winter (2008). "WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements / Sulfur / Radii". Besoek op 6 Desember 2008.
- ↑ Flahaut, E. (2003). "Gram-Scale CCVD Synthesis of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes". Chemical Communications. 12 (12): 1442–1443. doi:10.1039/b301514a. PMID 12841282. Besoek op 14 November 2008.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|coauthors=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - ↑ Cohn, J. University of California, Berkeley Lyman alpha systems and cosmology. Retrieved 2009-02-21
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Color
- ↑ "Through the Microscope: Blood Cells - Life's Blood". Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health. Besoek op 13 September 2011.
- ↑ DNA From The Beginning, Classical Genetics, section 6: Genes are real things., "Animation" section, final slide
- ↑ "Animal Records". Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Besoek op 29 Mei 2007.
- ↑ Thomas, P. C. (2005). "Differentiation of the asteroid Ceres as revealed by its shape". Nature. 437 (7056): 224–226. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..224T. doi:10.1038/nature03938. PMID 16148926.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|coauthors=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - ↑ Spacecraft escaping the Solar System
- ↑ http://esciencenews.com/articles/2009/09/24/twin.keck.telescopes.probe.dual.dust.disks
- ↑ Shiga, David. "Sun's 'twin' an ideal hunting ground for alien life". New Scientist. Besoek op 3 Oktober 2007.
- ↑ Christian, Eric; Samar, Safi-Harb. "How large is the Milky Way?". Besoek op 14 November 2008.
- ↑ Duncan, Martin (2008). "Physics 216 – Introduction to Astrophysics" (PDF). Besoek op 14 November 2008.
{{cite web}}
:|chapter=
ignored (hulp) - ↑ "Milky Way fatter than first thought". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press. 20 Februarie 2008. Besoek op 14 November 2008.
- ↑ http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/superc/hor.html The Horologium Supercluster
- ↑ J. R. Gott III et al., Astrophys. J., 624, 463 (2005). Figure 8 – "Logarithmic Maps of the Universe" – is available as a poster from the homepage of Mario Juric.
- ↑ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0605709v2 How Many Universes Do There Need To Be?
- ↑ http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0610199 "Susskind's Challenge to the Hartle-Hawking No-Boundary Proposal and Possible Resolutions "
External links
- How Big Are Things? displays orders of magnitude in successively larger rooms
- Powers of Ten Travel across the Universe. Altering perspective by changing scale by just a few powers of ten (interactive)
- Cosmos – an Illustrated Dimensional Journey from microcosmos to macrocosmos – from Digital Nature Agency