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{{de|Ein '''[[:de:Abakus|Abakus]]''' ist Hilfsmittel zum Ausführen verschiedener Rechenoperationen.}}
{{de|Ein '''[[:de:Abakus|Abakus]]''' ist Hilfsmittel zum Ausführen verschiedener Rechenoperationen.}}
{{en|An '''[[:en:Abacus|Abacus]]''' is a calculation tool.}}
{{en|An '''[[:en:Abacus|Abacus]]''' is a calculation tool.}}
{{fr|Un '''[[:fr:Abaque (calcul)|abaque]]''' est un instrument facilitant les calculs.}}
{{gl|Un '''[[:gl:ábaco|ábaco]]''' é un instrumento de cálculo.}}
{{gl|Un '''[[:gl:ábaco|ábaco]]''' é un instrumento de cálculo.}}
{{nn|Ei '''[[:nn:Kuleramme|Kuleramme]]''' er eit reknehjelpemiddel.}}
{{nn|Ei '''[[:nn:Kuleramme|Kuleramme]]''' er eit reknehjelpemiddel.}}
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<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Boulier1.JPG|Chinese abacus
File:Boulier1.JPG|Chinese abacus
File:Big abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, big
File:Big abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, big
File:Long abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, long
File:Long abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, long
File:Kugleramme.jpg|Danish abacus from an elementary school.
File:Abacus 4.jpg|Chinese abacus
File:Kugleramme.jpg|Danish abacus from an elementary school.
File:Noe abacus.jpg|German abacus
File:Noe abacus.jpg|German abacus
File:Soroban.JPG|Japanese soroban
File:Soroban.JPG|Japanese soroban
Line 38: Line 40:
File:1340 Abacus anagoria.JPG|1340
File:1340 Abacus anagoria.JPG|1340
File:Pier maria calandri, trattato d'abacho, xv sec., biblioteca laurenziana ashb 359 c. 206v.jpg|14th century
File:Pier maria calandri, trattato d'abacho, xv sec., biblioteca laurenziana ashb 359 c. 206v.jpg|14th century
File:4666 - Venezia - Palazzo ducale - Capitello 17 - Arti liberali - Pitagoras arsmetricus - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 31-Jul-2008.jpg|14 - 15th century
File:4666 - Venezia - Palazzo ducale - Capitello 17 - Arti liberali - Pitagoras arsmetricus - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 31-Jul-2008.jpg|14 - 15th century
File:Ms.Thott.290.2º 150v.jpg|1459
File:Ms.Thott.290.2º 150v.jpg|1459
</gallery>
</gallery>
Line 45: Line 47:
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Gregor Reisch - Margarita Philosophica - Arithmetica.jpg|1504
File:Gregor Reisch - Margarita Philosophica - Arithmetica.jpg|1504
Image:Gregor Reisch, Margarita Philosophica, 1508 (1230x1615).png|1508
Image:Gregor Reisch, Margarita Philosophica, 1508 (1230x1615).png|1508
Image:Köbel Böschenteyn 1514.jpg|1514
Image:Köbel Böschenteyn 1514.jpg|1514
Image:Rechnung auff der linihen 1525 Adam Ries.PNG|1525
Image:Rechnung auff der linihen 1525 Adam Ries.PNG|1525
Line 55: Line 57:
Image:Adam riesen.jpg|1574
Image:Adam riesen.jpg|1574
File:Ming suanpan.JPG|1592
File:Ming suanpan.JPG|1592
File:Suanpan jinpm.jpg|Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
File:Suanpan jinpm.jpg|Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
File:Rechentisch.png|Rechentisch (Holzschnitt vermutlich aus Straßburg)
</gallery>
</gallery>


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File:Abacus lesson in Zhenjiang.PNG|1938
File:Abacus lesson in Zhenjiang.PNG|1938
File:Penistone - St John's Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 513137.jpg|2007
File:Penistone - St John's Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 513137.jpg|2007

File:Autentia historia 1.1.jpg|2008
File:Indian pre-school girl in pink shirt plays with abacus.jpg|2011
File:Indian pre-school girl in pink shirt plays with abacus.jpg|2011
File:Huge_Abacus_at_Guohua_Abacus_Museum.jpg|Huge Abacus at Guohua Abacus Museum

</gallery>
</gallery>


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File:Arithmetria.jpg|1500-50
File:Arithmetria.jpg|1500-50
Image:A merchant making up the account.jpg|Hokusai, 1760
Image:A merchant making up the account.jpg|Hokusai, 1760
File:Theo Zasche Schweinchen in der Schule.jpg|early 20th century
</gallery>
</gallery>


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=== The Small Abacus of Al-Khwarizmi ===
=== The Small Abacus of Al-Khwarizmi ===
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:The small abacus of al-Khwārizmī WITH FIVE TEN BASE.tif
Image:AbacusBeansFiveTen.PNG
Image:AbacusBeansFiveTen.PNG
Image:AbacusBaseFiveTen.PNG
Image:AbacusBaseFiveTen.PNG
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* [[Trattato di arithmetica]]
* [[Trattato di arithmetica]]


[[Category:Abacus]]
[[Category:Abacus| ]]
[[Category:History of mathematics]]


[[ja:そろばん]]
[[ja:そろばん]]

Latest revision as of 11:47, 15 February 2024

Deutsch: Ein Abakus ist Hilfsmittel zum Ausführen verschiedener Rechenoperationen.
English: An Abacus is a calculation tool.
Français : Un abaque est un instrument facilitant les calculs.
Galego: Un ábaco é un instrumento de cálculo.
Norsk nynorsk: Ei Kuleramme er eit reknehjelpemiddel.
Русский: Абак, счёты.

Overview

[edit]
  • Chinese abacus
    Chinese abacus
  • Chinese abacus, big
    Chinese abacus, big
  • Chinese abacus, long
    Chinese abacus, long
  • Chinese abacus
    Chinese abacus
  • Danish abacus from an elementary school.
    Danish abacus from an elementary school.
  • German abacus
    German abacus
  • Japanese soroban
    Japanese soroban
  • Polish abacus
    Polish abacus
  • Reconstruction of a Roman abacus
    Reconstruction of a Roman abacus
  • A Russian abacus
    A Russian abacus

History

[edit]

Abacus in Ancient pictures

[edit]
  • 145 AD
    145 AD
  • 177 AD
    177 AD
  • 204 AD
    204 AD
  • 218 AD
    218 AD
  • 236 AD
    236 AD
  • Roman abacus from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
    Roman abacus from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
  • Reconstruction of Roman Abacus, made by RGZ Museum Mainz in 1977
    Reconstruction of Roman Abacus, made by RGZ Museum Mainz in 1977

Abacus in Medieval pictures

[edit]
  • Monastic abacus, 10-12th century
    Monastic abacus, 10-12th century
  • End of 13th century
    End of 13th century
  • 1340
    1340
  • 14th century
    14th century
  • 14 - 15th century
    14 - 15th century
  • 1459
    1459

Abacus in 16th century pictures

[edit]
  • 1504
    1504
  • 1508
    1508
  • 1514
    1514
  • 1525
    1525
  • 1532
    1532
  • 1543
    1543
  • 1544
    1544
  • 1553
    1553
  • 1573
    1573
  • 1574
    1574
  • 1592
    1592
  • Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
    Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
  • Rechentisch (Holzschnitt vermutlich aus Straßburg)
    Rechentisch (Holzschnitt vermutlich aus Straßburg)

Abacus in pictures in Modern times

[edit]
  • 2nd quarter of 17th century
    2nd quarter of 17th century
  • 2nd quarter of 17th century
    2nd quarter of 17th century
  • 1641
    1641
  • 1685
    1685
  • 1884-85
    1884-85
  • 1892
    1892
  • 1899
    1899
  • Early 20th century
    Early 20th century
  • 1914
    1914
  • 1930
    1930
  • 1938
    1938
  • 2007
    2007
  • 2011
    2011
  • Huge Abacus at Guohua Abacus Museum
    Huge Abacus at Guohua Abacus Museum

Specific topics

[edit]

Abacus in art

[edit]
  • Rotschild canticles Septem artes liberales, 13th century
    Rotschild canticles Septem artes liberales, 13th century
  • 1504
    1504
  • 1500-50
    1500-50
  • Hokusai, 1760
    Hokusai, 1760
  • early 20th century
    early 20th century

Types of abacus

[edit]
  • Abacus anagoria
    Abacus anagoria
  • Binary abacus
    Binary abacus
  • Long abacus
    Long abacus
  • Napier's abacus
    Napier's abacus
  • Positional decimal system on abacus
    Positional decimal system on abacus
  • School abacus
    School abacus
  • Sharp abacus
    Sharp abacus
  • Soroban
    Soroban
  • Table football abacus
    Table football abacus

The Small Abacus of Al-Khwarizmi

[edit]

Addition examples

[edit]
  • 6
    6
  • + 4
    + 4
  • = 10
    = 10
  • 40
    40
  • +12
    +12
  • =52
    =52

See also

[edit]
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