Abacus: Difference between revisions
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{{de|Ein '''[[:de:Abakus|Abakus]]''' ist Hilfsmittel zum Ausführen verschiedener Rechenoperationen.}} |
{{de|Ein '''[[:de:Abakus|Abakus]]''' ist Hilfsmittel zum Ausführen verschiedener Rechenoperationen.}} |
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{{en|An '''[[:en:Abacus|Abacus]]''' is a calculation tool.}} |
{{en|An '''[[:en:Abacus|Abacus]]''' is a calculation tool.}} |
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{{fr|Un '''[[:fr:Abaque (calcul)|abaque]]''' est un instrument facilitant les calculs.}} |
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{{gl|Un '''[[:gl:ábaco|ábaco]]''' é un instrumento de cálculo.}} |
{{gl|Un '''[[:gl:ábaco|ábaco]]''' é un instrumento de cálculo.}} |
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{{nn|Ei '''[[:nn:Kuleramme|Kuleramme]]''' er eit reknehjelpemiddel.}} |
{{nn|Ei '''[[:nn:Kuleramme|Kuleramme]]''' er eit reknehjelpemiddel.}} |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Boulier1.JPG|Chinese abacus |
File:Boulier1.JPG|Chinese abacus |
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File:Big abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, big |
File:Big abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, big |
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File:Long abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, long |
File:Long abacus.jpg|Chinese abacus, long |
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File:Kugleramme.jpg|Danish abacus from an elementary school. |
File:Abacus 4.jpg|Chinese abacus |
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File:Kugleramme.jpg|Danish abacus from an elementary school. |
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File:Noe abacus.jpg|German abacus |
File:Noe abacus.jpg|German abacus |
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File:Soroban.JPG|Japanese soroban |
File:Soroban.JPG|Japanese soroban |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:EB1911 Roman abacus.gif|Roman abacus from 1911 |
File:EB1911 Roman abacus.gif|Roman abacus from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica |
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File:RomanAbacusRecon.jpg|Reconstruction of Roman Abacus, made by RGZ Museum Mainz in 1977 |
File:RomanAbacusRecon.jpg|Reconstruction of Roman Abacus, made by RGZ Museum Mainz in 1977 |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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File:1340 Abacus anagoria.JPG|1340 |
File:1340 Abacus anagoria.JPG|1340 |
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File:Pier maria calandri, trattato d'abacho, xv sec., biblioteca laurenziana ashb 359 c. 206v.jpg|14th century |
File:Pier maria calandri, trattato d'abacho, xv sec., biblioteca laurenziana ashb 359 c. 206v.jpg|14th century |
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File:4666 - Venezia - Palazzo ducale - Capitello 17 - Arti liberali - Pitagoras arsmetricus - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 31-Jul-2008.jpg|14 - 15th century |
File:4666 - Venezia - Palazzo ducale - Capitello 17 - Arti liberali - Pitagoras arsmetricus - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 31-Jul-2008.jpg|14 - 15th century |
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File:Ms.Thott.290.2º 150v.jpg|1459 |
File:Ms.Thott.290.2º 150v.jpg|1459 |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Gregor Reisch - Margarita Philosophica - Arithmetica.jpg|1504 |
File:Gregor Reisch - Margarita Philosophica - Arithmetica.jpg|1504 |
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Image:Gregor Reisch, Margarita Philosophica, 1508 (1230x1615).png|1508 |
Image:Gregor Reisch, Margarita Philosophica, 1508 (1230x1615).png|1508 |
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Image:Köbel Böschenteyn 1514.jpg|1514 |
Image:Köbel Böschenteyn 1514.jpg|1514 |
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Image:Rechnung auff der linihen 1525 Adam Ries.PNG|1525 |
Image:Rechnung auff der linihen 1525 Adam Ries.PNG|1525 |
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Image:Adam riesen.jpg|1574 |
Image:Adam riesen.jpg|1574 |
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File:Ming suanpan.JPG|1592 |
File:Ming suanpan.JPG|1592 |
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File:Suanpan jinpm.jpg|Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) |
File:Suanpan jinpm.jpg|Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) |
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File:Rechentisch.png|Rechentisch (Holzschnitt vermutlich aus Straßburg) |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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File:Abacus lesson in Zhenjiang.PNG|1938 |
File:Abacus lesson in Zhenjiang.PNG|1938 |
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File:Penistone - St John's Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 513137.jpg|2007 |
File:Penistone - St John's Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 513137.jpg|2007 |
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File:Autentia historia 1.1.jpg|2008 |
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File:Indian pre-school girl in pink shirt plays with abacus.jpg|2011 |
File:Indian pre-school girl in pink shirt plays with abacus.jpg|2011 |
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File:Huge_Abacus_at_Guohua_Abacus_Museum.jpg|Huge Abacus at Guohua Abacus Museum |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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File:Arithmetria.jpg|1500-50 |
File:Arithmetria.jpg|1500-50 |
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Image:A merchant making up the account.jpg|Hokusai, 1760 |
Image:A merchant making up the account.jpg|Hokusai, 1760 |
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File:Theo Zasche Schweinchen in der Schule.jpg|early 20th century |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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=== The Small Abacus of Al-Khwarizmi === |
=== The Small Abacus of Al-Khwarizmi === |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:The small abacus of al-Khwārizmī WITH FIVE TEN BASE.tif |
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Image:AbacusBeansFiveTen.PNG |
Image:AbacusBeansFiveTen.PNG |
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Image:AbacusBaseFiveTen.PNG |
Image:AbacusBaseFiveTen.PNG |
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Image:Al Khwarizmi numerais.PNG |
Image:Al Khwarizmi numerais.PNG |
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File:Abacus theory of the arabic numbers and the algarismus.png |
File:Abacus theory of the arabic numbers and the algarismus.png |
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File:Abacus_theory_of_arabic_numbers_and_algarismus.png |
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File:Abacus theory of arabic numbers and algarismus.gif |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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* [[Trattato di arithmetica]] |
* [[Trattato di arithmetica]] |
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[[Category:Abacus]] |
[[Category:Abacus| ]] |
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[[Category:History of mathematics]] |
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[[af:Abakus]] |
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[[ar:أباكوس]] |
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[[ay:Jakhuña]] |
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[[az:Abak]] |
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[[be-x-old:Абак]] |
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[[bn:অ্যাবাকাস]] |
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[[ca:Àbac]] |
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[[cs:Počítadlo]] |
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[[cv:Абак (математика)]] |
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[[da:Abacus (regnemaskine)]] |
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[[de:Abakus (Rechenhilfsmittel)]] |
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[[el:Άβακας]] |
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[[en:Abacus]] |
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[[eo:Abako (meĥanika kalkulilo)]] |
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[[es:Ábaco]] |
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[[et:Abakus]] |
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[[eu:Abako]] |
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[[fa:چرتکه]] |
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[[fi:Helmitaulu]] |
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[[fr:Boulier]] |
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[[gan:算盤]] |
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[[gl:Ábaco]] |
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[[he:חשבונייה]] |
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[[hi:गिनतारा]] |
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[[hr:Abak]] |
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[[hu:Abakusz]] |
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[[ia:Abaco]] |
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[[id:Sempoa]] |
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[[io:Abako]] |
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[[it:Abaco]] |
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[[ja:そろばん]] |
[[ja:そろばん]] |
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[[jv:Simpoa]] |
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[[kk:Есепшот]] |
[[kk:Есепшот]] |
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[[kn:ಅಬ್ಯಾಕಸ್]] |
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[[ko:수판]] |
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[[la:Abacus]] |
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[[lo:ລູກຄິດ]] |
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[[lt:Abakas]] |
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[[lv:Skaitīkļi]] |
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[[mk:Абакус]] |
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[[ml:മണിച്ചട്ടം]] |
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[[mn:Сампин]] |
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[[ms:Sempoa]] |
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[[mwl:Ábaco]] |
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[[nah:Nepōhualtzintzin]] |
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[[nl:Abacus (rekentuig)]] |
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[[nn:Kuleramme]] |
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[[no:Abakus (kuleramme)]] |
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[[pl:Abakus (liczydło)]] |
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[[pms:Àbaco]] |
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[[pt:Ábaco]] |
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[[ro:Abac]] |
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[[ru:Абак]] |
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[[scn:Badduttuleri]] |
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[[sd:ڪمپيوٽر تعارف]] |
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[[sh:Abakus (računanje)]] |
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[[simple:Abacus]] |
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[[sk:Abakus (počítacia tabuľka)]] |
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[[sl:Abak]] |
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[[sr:Абакус (рачунање)]] |
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[[su:Sipoah]] |
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[[sv:Abakus]] |
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[[ta:எண்சட்டம்]] |
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[[th:ลูกคิด]] |
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[[tl:Abakus]] |
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[[tr:Abaküs]] |
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[[uk:Абак (рахівниця)]] |
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[[ur:گنتارا]] |
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[[vi:Bàn tính]] |
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[[zh:算盘]] |
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[[zh-yue:算盤]] |
Latest revision as of 11:47, 15 February 2024
Deutsch: Ein Abakus ist Hilfsmittel zum Ausführen verschiedener Rechenoperationen.
English: An Abacus is a calculation tool.
Français : Un abaque est un instrument facilitant les calculs.
Galego: Un ábaco é un instrumento de cálculo.
Norsk nynorsk: Ei Kuleramme er eit reknehjelpemiddel.
Русский: Абак, счёты.
Overview
[edit]-
Chinese abacus
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Chinese abacus, big
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Chinese abacus, long
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Chinese abacus
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Danish abacus from an elementary school.
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German abacus
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Japanese soroban
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Polish abacus
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Reconstruction of a Roman abacus
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A Russian abacus
History
[edit]Abacus in Ancient pictures
[edit]-
145 AD
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177 AD
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204 AD
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218 AD
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236 AD
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Roman abacus from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
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Reconstruction of Roman Abacus, made by RGZ Museum Mainz in 1977
Abacus in Medieval pictures
[edit]-
Monastic abacus, 10-12th century
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End of 13th century
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1340
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14th century
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14 - 15th century
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1459
Abacus in 16th century pictures
[edit]-
1504
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1508
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1514
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1525
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1532
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1543
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1544
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1553
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1573
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1574
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1592
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Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
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Rechentisch (Holzschnitt vermutlich aus Straßburg)
Abacus in pictures in Modern times
[edit]-
2nd quarter of 17th century
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2nd quarter of 17th century
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1641
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1685
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1884-85
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1892
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1899
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Early 20th century
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1914
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1930
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1938
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2007
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2011
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Huge Abacus at Guohua Abacus Museum
Specific topics
[edit]Abacus in art
[edit]-
Rotschild canticles Septem artes liberales, 13th century
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1504
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1500-50
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Hokusai, 1760
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early 20th century
Types of abacus
[edit]-
Abacus anagoria
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Binary abacus
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Long abacus
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Napier's abacus
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Positional decimal system on abacus
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School abacus
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Sharp abacus
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Soroban
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Table football abacus
The Small Abacus of Al-Khwarizmi
[edit]Addition examples
[edit]-
6
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+ 4
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= 10
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40
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+12
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=52