Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or Commonwealth of Both Nations) was a federal aristocratic republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569 with roots in the Polish-Lithuanian Union of 1387, lasting until 1795.

Maps

  • After the Treaty of Dywilino
    After the Treaty of Dywilino
  • Voivodships
    Voivodships
  • Commonwealth of Both Nations at the peak of its strength
    Commonwealth of Both Nations at the peak of its strength
  • Commonwealth during The Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising
    Commonwealth during The Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising

Partitions

  • First partition
    First partition
  • Second partition
    Second partition
  • Third partition
    Third partition
  • Partitions of Poland - English map from the 18th century
    Partitions of Poland - English map from the 18th century

Parliament

Marshals

  • The Marshal's cane was the insignium of the power in the parliament
    The Marshal's cane was the insignium of the power in the parliament
  • Krzysztof Wiesiołowski, 1609
    Krzysztof Wiesiołowski, 1609
  • Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, 1667
    Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, 1667
  • Franciszek Bieliński, 18th century
    Franciszek Bieliński, 18th century

Senate

  • Senate session in the Jasna Góra Monastery, 1661
    Senate session in the Jasna Góra Monastery, 1661
  • Senate Chamber at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, second half of the 16th century
    Senate Chamber at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, second half of the 16th century
  • Old Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 16th century (demolished)
    Old Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 16th century (demolished)
  • New Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1733
    New Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1733

Chamber of Deputies

  • Diet (Seym) session (two chambers together) at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1622
    Diet (Seym) session (two chambers together) at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1622
  • Chamber of Deputies at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, first half of the 16th century
    Chamber of Deputies at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, first half of the 16th century
  • Old Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, first half of the 16th century
    Old Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, first half of the 16th century
  • New Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 17th century
    New Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 17th century

Civitates Orbis Terrarum

People

Women

Army

Economy

  • Przybyła Granary in Kazimierz Dolny, 1591
    Przybyła Granary in Kazimierz Dolny, 1591
  • Allegory of Gdańsk trade, 1608
    Allegory of Gdańsk trade, 1608
  • Lamentation over the dead credit, ca. 1655
    Lamentation over the dead credit, ca. 1655
  • Kretkowski-Guldenstern carpet, ca. 1667
    Kretkowski-Guldenstern carpet, ca. 1667

Art and culture

Architecture

Fortifications

  • Fortifications of Zamość, 1617
    Fortifications of Zamość, 1617
  • Fortified Krzyżtopór Palace, 1655
    Fortified Krzyżtopór Palace, 1655
  • Fortifications of the Holy Trinity, 1660s
    Fortifications of the Holy Trinity, 1660s
  • Fortifications of Gdańsk, 1740
    Fortifications of Gdańsk, 1740

Tenements

  • Black House in Lviv, Pietro di Barbona, 1588–1589
    Black House in Lviv, Pietro di Barbona, 1588–1589
  • Golden House in Gdańsk, Abraham van den Blocke, 1609–1618
    Golden House in Gdańsk, Abraham van den Blocke, 1609–1618
  • Star House in Toruń, 1697
    Star House in Toruń, 1697
  • Prażmowski House in Warsaw, Jakub Fontana, 1754
    Prażmowski House in Warsaw, Jakub Fontana, 1754

Timber

  • Manor house in Czarnożyły, 17th century
    Manor house in Czarnożyły, 17th century
  • St. Paraskeva Church in Kwiatoń, 1700
    St. Paraskeva Church in Kwiatoń, 1700
  • Carmelite Church in Kėdainiai, 1703-1766
    Carmelite Church in Kėdainiai, 1703-1766
  • Synagogue in Gąbin, 1710
    Synagogue in Gąbin, 1710

Town Halls

  • Town Hall in Zamość, Bernardo Morando and Jan Jaroszewicz, 1591–1651
    Town Hall in Zamość, Bernardo Morando and Jan Jaroszewicz, 1591–1651
  • Town Hall in Mahilyow, Master Kruzberg of Bykhaw, 1679–1692
    Town Hall in Mahilyow, Master Kruzberg of Bykhaw, 1679–1692
  • Town Hall in Buchach, Bernard Meretyn, 1750-1751
    Town Hall in Buchach, Bernard Meretyn, 1750-1751
  • Town Hall in Kaunas, Jonas Matekeris, 1771-1775
    Town Hall in Kaunas, Jonas Matekeris, 1771-1775

Painting

  • Dance of Salome, Szymon Boguszowicz, 1610s
    Dance of Salome, Szymon Boguszowicz, 1610s
  • Still life with a squirrel and a pitcher, Andreas Stech, 1658
    Still life with a squirrel and a pitcher, Andreas Stech, 1658
  • Allegory of Summer, Jerzy Siemiginowski, 1684-1686
    Allegory of Summer, Jerzy Siemiginowski, 1684-1686
  • Ethiopian king meeting ambasadors of Persia, Franciszek Smuglewicz, 1785
    Ethiopian king meeting ambasadors of Persia, Franciszek Smuglewicz, 1785

Catholic

  • Leżajsk organ, Stanisław Studziński and Jan Głowiński, 1693
    Leżajsk organ, Stanisław Studziński and Jan Głowiński, 1693
  • Our Lady of the Scapular of Bydgoszcz in silver riza, 1700
    Our Lady of the Scapular of Bydgoszcz in silver riza, 1700
  • Interior of the St. Anne's Church in Kraków, Baldassare Fontana and Monti brothers, 1705
    Interior of the St. Anne's Church in Kraków, Baldassare Fontana and Monti brothers, 1705
  • Dominican Church in Lviv, Jan de Witte, 1744-769
    Dominican Church in Lviv, Jan de Witte, 1744-769

Eastern

  • The Last Judgment from Lipie, 17th century
    The Last Judgment from Lipie, 17th century
  • Pokrov of Our Lady - detail with King John III Sobieski and Queen Marysieńka, 1670s
    Pokrov of Our Lady - detail with King John III Sobieski and Queen Marysieńka, 1670s
  • Iconostasis in the Holy Spirit Church in Vilnius, Johann Christoph Glaubitz, 1753–1756
    Iconostasis in the Holy Spirit Church in Vilnius, Johann Christoph Glaubitz, 1753–1756
  • Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, Bernard Meretyn, 1746–1762
    Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, Bernard Meretyn, 1746–1762

Jewish

  • Aron Kodesh of the Zamość Synagogue, 1610-1620
    Aron Kodesh of the Zamość Synagogue, 1610-1620
  • Sefer ha-Zohar Yalkut Hadash, Lublin, 1648
    Sefer ha-Zohar Yalkut Hadash, Lublin, 1648
  • Synagogue of Zhovkva,[1] Piotr Beber, 1692-1698
    Synagogue of Zhovkva,[1] Piotr Beber, 1692-1698
  • Central Bimah of Łańcut Synagogue,[2] 1761
    Central Bimah of Łańcut Synagogue,[2] 1761

Protestant

  • Allegory of salvation and sin, Hans Vredeman de Vries, 1596
    Allegory of salvation and sin, Hans Vredeman de Vries, 1596
  • Epitaph of Edward Blemke in Gdańsk, Willem van den Blocke, 1591
    Epitaph of Edward Blemke in Gdańsk, Willem van den Blocke, 1591
  • Church of the Holy Ghost in Toruń, Ephraim Schröger, 1755-1756
    Church of the Holy Ghost in Toruń, Ephraim Schröger, 1755-1756
  • Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw, Szymon Bogumił Zug, 1777–1782
    Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw, Szymon Bogumił Zug, 1777–1782

Armenian

  • Our Lady of the Trinitarians, Armenian painter, turn of the 16/17th century
    Our Lady of the Trinitarians, Armenian painter, turn of the 16/17th century
  • Armenian Houses in Zamość, 1632-1674
    Armenian Houses in Zamość, 1632-1674
  • Belltower of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv, 17th century
    Belltower of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv, 17th century
  • Karacena of John III Sobieski, Armenian workshop in Lviv, 17th century
    Karacena of John III Sobieski, Armenian workshop in Lviv, 17th century

Muslim

  • Lithuanian Field Hetman portraited with a Persian style kalkan shield, 1650-1651
    Lithuanian Field Hetman portraited with a Persian style kalkan shield, 1650-1651
  • Kilim with the Czartoryski family emblems, Iran, 17th century
    Kilim with the Czartoryski family emblems, Iran, 17th century
  • Tatar Mosque in Kruszyniany, after 1717
    Tatar Mosque in Kruszyniany, after 1717
  • Harem in Grabki Duże,[3] Francesco Placidi, 1742
    Harem in Grabki Duże,[3] Francesco Placidi, 1742

Notes

  1. ↑ Construction was financially supported by king John III Sobieski - king's coat of arms (Janina) and the Polish eagle were placed inside of the building in gratitude for helping.
    Z wdzięczności Sobieskiemu za pomoc przy budowie synagogi starsi żydowscy kazali umieścić wewnątrz jego herb (Janina) i orła polskiego. Stefan Gąsiorowski (2001) Chrześcijanie i Żydzi w Żółkwi w XVII i XVIII wieku (Christians and Jews in Zhovkva in the 17th and 18th centuries), Polska Akademia Umiejętności, p. 119 ISBN: 83-88857-39-8.
  2. ↑ The synagogue was established by Stanisław Lubomirski.
    After a fire had destroyed a wooden synagogue in 1733 Stanislaw Lubomirski decided to found a new bricked synagogue building. Polin Travel. Lancut. www.jewish-guide.pl. Retrieved on 2010-09-02.
  3. ↑ Constructed for Stanisław Rupniewski, castellan of Małogoszcz, who converted to Islam.

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