Abacus

Deutsch: Ein Abakus ist Hilfsmittel zum Ausführen verschiedener Rechenoperationen.

English: An Abacus is a calculation tool.

Galego: Un ábaco é un instrumento de cálculo.

Norsk nynorsk: Ei Kuleramme er eit reknehjelpemiddel.

Русский: Абак, счёты.

Overview

• 
  Chinese abacus
• 
  Chinese abacus, big
• 
  Chinese abacus, long
• 
  Chinese abacus
• 
  Danish abacus from an elementary school.
• 
  German abacus
• 
  Japanese soroban
• 
  Polish abacus
• 
  Reconstruction of a Roman abacus
• 
  A Russian abacus

History

Abacus in Ancient pictures

• 
  145 AD
• 
  177 AD
• 
  204 AD
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  218 AD
• 
  236 AD

• 
  Roman abacus from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
• 
  Reconstruction of Roman Abacus, made by RGZ Museum Mainz in 1977

Abacus in Medieval pictures

• 
  Monastic abacus, 10-12th century
• 
  End of 13th century
• 
  1340
• 
  14th century
• 
  14 - 15th century
• 
  1459

Abacus in 16th century pictures

• 
  1504
• 
  1508
• 
  1514
• 
  1525
• 
  1532
• 
  1543
• 
  1544
• 
  1553
• 
  1573
• 
  1574
• 
  1592
• 
  Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
• 
  Rechentisch (Holzschnitt vermutlich aus Straßburg)

Abacus in pictures in Modern times

• 
  2nd quarter of 17th century
• 
  2nd quarter of 17th century
• 
  1641
• 
  1685
• 
  1884-85
• 
  1892
• 
  1899
• 
  Early 20th century
• 
  1914
• 
  1930
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  1938
• 
  2007
• 
  2011
• 
  Huge Abacus at Guohua Abacus Museum

Specific topics

Abacus in art

• 
  Rotschild canticles Septem artes liberales, 13th century
• 
  1504
• 
  1500-50
• 
  Hokusai, 1760

Types of abacus

• 
  Abacus anagoria
• 
  Binary abacus
• 
  Long abacus
• 
  Napier's abacus
• 
  Positional decimal system on abacus
• 
  School abacus
• 
  Sharp abacus
• 
  Soroban
• 
  Table football abacus

The Small Abacus of Al-Khwarizmi

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Addition examples

• 
  6
• 
  + 4
• 
  = 10

• 
  40
• 
  +12
• 
  =52

See also

• Arabic numerals
• Arithmetic
• Automation
• Fibonacci
• Liberal arts
• Trattato di arithmetica