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{{Short description|Waterway in Arizona, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox river
{{Geobox
| name = Black River
| name_native =
<!-- *** Name section *** -->[http://www.example.com link title]
| name_native_lang =
| name = Black River
| name_other =
| category_hide = 1
| native_name name_etymology =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| other_name =
| other_name1image = =BlackRiver01.jpg
| image_caption = Black River
<!-- *** Etymology *** --->
| etymologyimage_size = 300
| map =
<!-- *** Image *** --->
| image map_size = BlackRiver01.jpg
| image_size map_caption = 300
| image_captionpushpin_map = USA = Arizona
| pushpin_map_size = 300
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of the Black River in Arizona
| country = [[United States]]
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| country1 =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| state = [[Arizona]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[United States]]
| state1 =
| subdivision_type2 = State
| region =
| subdivision_name2 = [[Arizona]]
| region1 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| district_type = County
| subdivision_name3 =
| district = [[Apache County, Arizona|Apache]]
| subdivision_type4 = County
| district1 = [[Graham County, Arizona|Graham]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Apache County, Arizona|Apache]], [[Graham County, Arizona|Graham]], [[Navajo County, Arizona|Navajo]], [[Gila County, Arizona|Gila]], [[Greenlee County, Arizona|Greenlee]]
| district2 = [[Navajo County, Arizona|Navajo]]
| subdivision_type5 =
| district3 = [[Gila County, Arizona|Gila]]
| subdivision_name5 =
| district4 = [[Greenlee County, Arizona|Greenlee]]
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| city =
| length = {{convert|114|mi|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=NHD>{{cite web |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=The National Map |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |accessdate=March 8, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329155652/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archivedate=March 29, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<!-- *** Geography *** -->
| length_imperial width_min = 114
| width_avg =
| length_note = <ref name=NHD>{{cite web| url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/| title=The National Map| publisher=U.S. Geological Survey| accessdate=March 8, 2011}}</ref>
| watershed_imperialwidth_max = 1314
| depth_min =
| watershed_note = <ref name="Benke">Benke and Cushing, p. 536</ref>
| discharge_locationdepth_avg = [[mouth (river)|mouth]]
| discharge_imperialdepth_max = 420
| discharge1_location= [[mouth (river)|mouth]] (average) and a gauge {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} upstream for maximum and minimum<ref name="Benke 536"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Water-Data Report 2012, 9490500 Black River Near Fort Apache, AZ|url=http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2012/pdfs/09490500.2012.pdf|publisher=United States Geological Survey|accessdate=July 13, 2013}}</ref>
| discharge_min_imperial = 0
| discharge1_min = {{convert|11|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge_max_imperial =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|420|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Benke 536"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Water-Data Report 2012, 9490500 Black River Near Fort Apache, AZ|url=http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2012/pdfs/09490500.2012.pdf|publisher=United States Geological Survey|accessdate=July 13, 2013}}</ref>
| discharge_note = <ref name="Benke"/>
| discharge1_max = {{convert|54700|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| discharge1_imperial =
| source1 = near [[Alpine, Arizona|Alpine]]
<!-- *** Source *** -->
| source1_location = [[Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest]], Greenlee County
| source_name = near [[Alpine, Arizona|Alpine]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|33|45|03|N|109|21|46|W|display=inline}}<ref name="gnis"/>
| source_location = [[Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest]]
| source1_elevation = {{convert|7480|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>''Buffalo Crossing, AZ,'' 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1997 (2000 rev.)</ref>
| source_district = Greenlee County
| source_region mouth = [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]]
| mouth_location = Confluence with [[White River (Arizona)|White River]], [[Gila County, Arizona|Gila County]]
| source_lat_d = 33
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|44|20|N|110|13|32|W|display=inline,title}}<ref name="gnis">{{cite web | work = Geographic Names Information System| publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = February 8, 1980| url ={{Gnis3|26443}}| title = Black River | accessdate =May 17, 2013}}</ref>
| source_lat_m = 45
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|4222|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="gnis"/>
| source_lat_s = 03
| source_lat_NS progression = N
| source_long_d river_system = 109
| basin_size = {{convert|1314|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Benke 536">Benke and Cushing, p. 536</ref>
| source_long_m = 21
| tributaries_left =
| source_long_s = 46
| tributaries_right =
| source_long_EW = W
| custom_label =
| source_coordinates_note = <ref name="gnis"/>
| custom_data =
| source_elevation_imperial = 7482
| extra =
| source_elevation_note = <ref name="source">Source elevation derived from [[Google Earth]] search using GNIS source coordinates.</ref>
<!-- *** Mouth *** -->
| mouth_name = [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]]
| mouth_location = Confluence with [[White River (Arizona)|White River]]
| mouth_district = [[Gila County, Arizona|Gila County]]
| mouth_region =
| mouth_lat_d = 33
| mouth_lat_m = 44
| mouth_lat_s = 20
| mouth_lat_NS = N
| mouth_long_d = 110
| mouth_long_m = 13
| mouth_long_s = 32
| mouth_long_EW = W
| mouth_coordinates_note =<ref name="gnis">{{cite web | work = Geographic Names Information System| publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = February 8, 1980| url ={{Gnis3|26443}}| title = Black River | accessdate =May 17, 2013}}</ref>
| mouth_elevation_imperial = 4222
| mouth_elevation_note = <ref name="gnis"/>
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free_name =
| free_value =
<!-- *** Map section *** -->
| map =
| map_size = 300
| map_caption =
| map1 = USA Arizona location map.svg<!--Arizona Locator Map.PNG-->
| map1_size = 300
| map1_caption = Location of the mouth of the Black River in Arizona
| map1_alt =
| map1_locator = Arizona svg
}}
 
The '''Black River''' is a {{convert|114|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}}<ref name="NHD>{{cite web| url=http:"//viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/| title=The National Map| publisher=U.S. Geological Survey| accessdate=March 8, 2011}}</ref> river in the [[White Mountains (Arizona)|White Mountains]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Arizona]]. It forms southwestsouth of the town of [[Greer, Arizona|Greer]] and west of the towns of [[Nutrioso, Arizona|Nutrioso]] and [[Alpine, Arizona|Alpine]]. andThe river flows southwest then northwest to meet the [[White River (Arizona)|White River]] west of [[Fort Apache, Arizona|Fort Apache]]. The merged streams form the [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]], a major tributary of the [[Gila River]].<ref name="Benchmark">{{cite book|title=Arizona Road & Recreation Atlas|publisher=Benchmark Maps|pages=75&ndash;7775–77, and 80&ndash;8180–81|year=2012|edition=7th|location=Medford, Oregon|isbn=978-0-929591-97-1}}</ref> Both the [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt]] and [[Gila River|Gila]] rivers supply water to the [[Phoenix metropolitan area|Phoenix metro area]] as well as provides water for farmland and crops around the valley.
 
[[James Ohio Pattie]] named the river in 1826 as he explored this area in Arizona's [[White Mountains (Arizona)|White Mountains]].<ref name="Granger1960">{{cite book|author=Byrd H. Granger|title=Arizona Place Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7r_ZwEACAAJ|accessdate=November 20, 2011|year=1960|publisher=University of Arizona Press|page=5}}</ref>
From source to [[river mouth|mouth]], the river flows through [[Apache County, Arizona|Apache]] [[Greenlee County, Arizona|Greenlee]], [[Graham County, Arizona|Graham]], [[Navajo County, Arizona|Navajo]], and [[Gila County, Arizona|Gila]] counties.<ref name="gnis"/> It forms a boundary between Apache and Greenlee counties, then between Apache and Graham counties, and further downstream, between Graham Navajo counties.<ref name="Benchmark"/>
 
==Course==
The Black River was named by James Ohio Pattie in 1826 as he explored the area.<ref name="Granger1960">{{cite book|author=Byrd H. Granger|title=Arizona Place Names|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=I7r_ZwEACAAJ|accessdate=November 20, 2011|year=1960|publisher=University of Arizona Press|page=5}}</ref>
From source to [[river mouth|mouth]], the river flows through [[Apache County, Arizona|Apache]], [[Greenlee County, Arizona|Greenlee]], [[Graham County, Arizona|Graham]], [[Navajo County, Arizona|Navajo]] and [[Gila County, Arizona|Gila]] counties.<ref name="gnis"/> It forms a boundary between Apache and Greenlee counties, then between Apache and Graham counties, and further downstream, between Graham and Navajo counties.<ref name="Benchmark"/>
 
Along its lower reaches, the Black River is the boundary between the [[Fort Apache Indian Reservation]] on the north and the [[San Carlos Indian Reservation]] on the south.<ref name="Benchmark"/> The river also passes near the [[Bear Wallow Wilderness]], through which flows one of the river's tributaries, Bear Wallow Creek.<ref name="Benchmark"/>
Some of the places along the lower river are difficult to reach. Many of the roads in the area are unpaved and unmarked on major maps. The "Black River AZ Map" and "Lower Black River guide book" show more details.
 
Some of the places along the lower river are difficult to reach. Many of the roads in the area are unpaved and unmarked on major maps. The "Black River AZ Map" and "Lower Black River guide book" show more details. Bear encounters are possible along this river. [[Indian route (United States)|Indian route]] 9 crosses the river at Black River Crossing.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9VY9Ntoh1ZwC&pg=PA116 |title=Fishing Arizona: Your Guide to Arizona's Best Fishing |last=Sagi |first=Guy J. |date=2003 |publisher=American Traveler Press |isbn=978-1-885590-92-3 |page=116 |language=en}}</ref>
Bear encounters are possible along this river.
 
==GameFlora fishand fauna==
[[Rainbow trout|Rainbow]], and [[brown trout]], and [[smallmouth bass]] inhabitare among the Black13 River.species Theof Eastfish Forkfound in the Black River.<ref andname="Benke West536"/> ForkMajor Blackfishes River,in whichthis mergeriver tosystem formalso theinclude mainstem[[channel catfish]], support[[desert populationssucker]]s, ofand brown[[fathead troutminnow]]s, andamong others.<ref name="Benke 536"/> [[ApacheAnodonta troutcaliforniensis]] and Anodonta have been found on the north fork at Crosby Crossing.<ref>{{citeCitation web|title=WhereBiological toAssessment of the Arizona Game and Fish: WhiteDepartment's Statewide and Urban Fisheries Stocking Program for the years Mountains2011—2021|year=2011|publisher=Arizona U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arizona Game and Fish Department |chapter=Chapter 8 Salt River Watershed|chapter-url=httphttps://www.azgfdfws.gov/h_fsouthwest/where_fish_whitefederal_assistance/PDFs/Chapter%208%20Salt%20River%20Watershed.shtml|accessdate=May 17, 2013pdf}}</ref>
 
TheseThe East Fork Black River and West Fork Black River, which merge to form the mainstem, have populations of brown trout and [[Apache trout]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Where to Fish: White Mountains|publisher=Arizona Fish and Game Department|url=http://www.azgfd.gov/h_f/where_fish_white.shtml|accessdate=May 17, 2013}}</ref> The headwaters tributaries support many aquatic insects, including more than 30 species of [[caddisfly|caddisflies]]. Some of the state's best sports fisheries are found alongin thesethe tributariesBlack River watershed.<ref name=">Benke" and Cushing, p. 519</ref> Special permits are required to fish on either reservation.
 
Plants in the [[riparian zone]]s include several kinds of [[willow]]s and [[Populus fremontii|cottonwood]]s, as well as [[alder]]s and [[Tamarix|saltcedar]].<ref name="Benke 536"/> [[Beaver]], [[muskrat]]s, [[great blue heron]]s, [[mallard]]s, and [[osprey]] are among the [[vertebrate]]s found in or near the river.<ref name="Benke 536"/>
Further downstream, the Black River forms a boundary between the [[Fort Apache Indian Reservation]] on the north and the [[San Carlos Indian Reservation]] on the south.<ref name="Benchmark"/> Permits are required to fish on either reservation.
 
==See also==
Line 108 ⟶ 82:
==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{Cite document |author=Information and Education Division|title=Arizona Fishin' Holes|place=Phoenix, AZ|publisher=[[Arizona Game and Fish Department]]|year=2007, HookedAZ Fishing Community |postscript=.}}
 
==Works cited==
* Benke, Arthur C., ed., and Cushing, Colbert E., ed.; Blinn, Dean W. and Poff, N. Leroy (2005). "Chapter 11: Colorado River Basin" in ''Rivers of North America''. Burlington, Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press. {{ISBN |0-12-088253-1}}. {{OCLC|59003378}}.
 
==External links==
* [http://www.hookedaz.com/Lakes-of-Arizona-A-Z/black-river-arizona.html HookedAZ Fishing Community | The Black River]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080716183043/http://www.azgfd.gov/outdoor_recreation/BoatingLocationsMap.shtml Arizona Boating Locations Facilities Map]
* [http://www.wmatoutdoors.org/ White Mountain Apache Tribe Wildlife and Outdoor Recreation Division]
* [httphttps://www.scatrwdsancarlosrecreationwildlife.com/ San Carlos Apache Tribe Recreation and Wildlife ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928212551/http://www.anglerguide.com/arizona/index.cfm?tr_id=453 Angler Guide Arizona Fishing Report]
 
{{Rivers and streams of Arizona}}
{{authority control}}
 
[[Category:White Mountains (Arizona)]]
[[Category:Rivers of Arizona]]
[[Category:LandformsRivers of Apache County, Arizona]]
[[Category:LandformsRivers of Graham County, Arizona]]
[[Category:LandformsRivers of Greenlee County, Arizona]]
[[Category:LandformsRivers of Navajo County, Arizona]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Salt River (Arizona)]]
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