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[[File:JacobPieter CoemanCnoll, PortraitCornelia ofvan Nijenrode en hun dochters Pieter Cnoll. andEerste hisopperkoopman familiete 1665Batavia, zijn echtgenote Cornelia van Nijenroode en hun dochters Catharina (geb. 1653) en Hester (geb. 1659), SK-A-4062.jpg|thumb|400px|PortraitA 1665 portrait of Pieter Cnoll with his Eurasian wife [[Cornelis van Nieuwroode|Cornelia van NieuwroodeNijenroode]] and his family 1665, by [[Jacob Jansz. Coeman]].]]
'''Pieter Cnoll''', also '''Pieter Knoll''' (1672), was a Dutchman who became Director General in [[Batavia]]. He married [[Cornelia van Nijenroode]], an [[Indo people|Indo]] [[Eurasian (mixed ancestry)|Eurasian]] who was the daughter of [[Cornelis van Nieuwroode]] (also [[Cornelis van Nijenroode]], former [[VOC Opperhoofden in Japan]] in 1623-1631) with a Japanese woman.<ref name="Leup">''Interracial intimacy in Japan: western men and Japanese women, 1543-1900'' by Gary P. Leupp p.116 [http://books.google.com/books?id=-I6owJcCOdwC&pg=PA116]</ref> His family was depicted in a painting by [[Jacob Coeman]].
 
'''Pieter Cnoll''', also known as '''Pieter Knoll''' (d. 1672), was a Dutch merchant who was employed by the [[Dutch East India Company|United East India Company]] (VOC). Cnoll, who was born in [[Amsterdam]], joined the VOC's accounting department at some point before 1647 and was sent to the [[Dutch East India Company in the Malay Archipelago|East Indies]] to work as a clerk in [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] at the [[Batavia Castle|city castle]].{{sfn|Priem|2005|p=205}} He soon rose to the rank of junior merchant and in 1652 married [[Cornelia van Nijenroode]], an [[Indo people|Indo]] businesswoman who was the daughter of [[Cornelis van Nijenroode]], a [[VOC opperhoofden in Japan]].{{sfn|Leupp|2003|p=116}} In 1665, artist [[Jacob Jansz. Coeman]] painted a portrait of Cnoll's family and [[Slavery in Asia#Southeast Asia|enslaved servants]].{{sfn|Zandvliet|Blussé|2002|p=200}}
Cnoll and Cornelia had 10 children, only one of whom, a boy, survived to adulthood. When Cnoll died in 1672, he left full possession of his wealth to his wife Cornelia.<ref name="Leup"/>
 
Together, Cnoll and his wife had ten children, with only one surviving to adulthood, a son. Cnoll died in 1672, and left his entire estate in his [[Will and testament|last will and testament]] to van Nijenroode.{{sfn|Leupp|2003|p=117}} In 1675, she remarried to a Dutchman named Johann Bitter at the age of 46, but the marriage was an unhappy one and she filed for divorce not soon after. She died in 1692 in the [[Dutch Republic]], where she had travelled to in order to secure the divorce from the appropriate authorities.{{sfn|Leupp|2003|pp=117–118}} One of the fifty slaves Cnoll owned was an Indonesian man named [[Untung Surapati]], who was possibly featured in Coeman's 1665 portrait.{{sfn|Zandvliet|Blussé|2002|p=201}}
Cornelia remarried in 1675 at the age of 46, this time with an Englishman named John Bitter, but the marriage was unhappy and she filed for divorce. She finally died in 1692 in [[Holland]], where she was advocating for the divorce.<ref name="Leup"/>
 
==NotesReferences==
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===Footnotes===
[[Category:Dutch East Indies people]]▼
▲{{reflist|30em}}
 
===Bibliography===
 
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* {{Cite book|first=Gary P.|last=Leupp|title=Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8264-6074-5}}
* {{Cite book|first=Ruud|last=Priem|title=Dutch Masters from the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam|publisher=[[National Gallery of Victoria]]|year=2005|isbn=978-1-8754-6023-6}}
* {{Cite book|first1=K.|last1=Zandvliet|first2=Leonard|last2=Blussé|authorlink2=Leonard Blussé|title=The Dutch Encounter with Asia, 1600-1950|publisher=Antique Collectors Club Limited|year=2002|isbn=978-9-0400-8717-2}}
 
{{refend}}
 
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[[Category:1672 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Dutch slave owners]]
▲[[Category:People from the Dutch East Indies people]]
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