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{{Short description|Aspect of design that challenges preconceptions}}
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{{Futures studies}}
'''Critical design'''
Critical design can make aspects of the future physically present to provoke a reaction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tonkinwise |first1=Cameron |title=How We Intend to Future: Review of Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming |journal=Design Philosophy Papers |date=1 December 2014 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=169–187 |doi=10.2752/144871314X14159818597676 |s2cid=143531152 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2752/144871314X14159818597676}}</ref> "Critical design is critical thought translated into materiality. It is about thinking through design rather than through words and using the language and structure of design to engage people."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunne |first1=Anthony |last2=Raby |first2=Fiona |title=Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming |date=6 December 2013 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-01984-2 |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/speculative-everything |access-date=12 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
▲'''Critical design''' takes a [[critical theory]] based approach to design. This kind of design uses [[design fiction]] and [[speculative design]] proposals to challenge assumptions and conceptions about the role objects play in everyday life. Critical design plays a similar role to product design, but does not emphasize an object's commercial purpose or physical utility. It is mainly used to share a critical perspective or inspire debate<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Malpass|first=Matt|date=2013|title=Between Wit and Reason: Defining Associative, Speculative, and critical Design in Practice|journal=Design and Culture|volume=5:3, 333-356}}</ref> while increasing awareness of social, cultural, or ethical issues in the eyes of the public. Critical design was popularized by [[Anthony Dunne]] and [[Fiona Raby]] through their firm, [[Dunne & Raby]].
It may be conflated with the [[critical theory]] or the [[Frankfurt School]], but it is not related.
==Definition==
A
Many practitioners of
It is more of an attitude than a style or movement; a position rather than a method. Critical design builds on this attitude by creatively critiquing concepts and ideologies using fabricated artifacts to embody commentaries around everything from consumer culture to the #MeToo Movement. Regardless of its processes,
== History ==
[[Radical period (design)|Italian Radical Design]] of the 1960s and 70s was highly critical of prevailing social values and design ideologies.
The term
|last = Dunne
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|location = Basel
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According to Sanders,
designers send to people who then respond to them, providing insights for the design process."<ref>{{cite journal
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== Function ==
To attribute to design practice, critical design broadens the vision in design from traditional practice. It is no longer limited to highlighting the physical function in product design, though this causes some ambiguities in the discussion of critical design's function as it maintains in design area. Matt Malpass addresses Larry Ligo's classification of five different types of function: Structural articulation, Physical function, Psychological function, Social function, as well as Cultural-existential function<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Concept of Function in Twentieth-Century Architectural Criticism|last=Ligo|first=Larry|publisher=MI: UMI Research Press|date=1984|isbn=9780835715423}}</ref> in his article, with a further discussion of how Modernism leaves a narrower understanding of physical utility when we think about function,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Malpass|first=Matt|date=Spring 2015|title=Criticism and Function in Critical Design Practice|journal=Design Issues|volume= 31| issue = 2|pages=59–71 |doi=10.1162/DESI_a_00322 |s2cid=57571804 |url=http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/7921/1/DESI3102_pp59-pp71_vB.pdf }}</ref> which leads to the ambiguity in
In addition, critical design objects have a lot of potential to contribute to testing ideas during the process of the development of new technology. As Dunne and Raby express their concerns about always lacking communication between the specialists and the general public to form a two-way discussion of new technology. It always limits to one-way flow from specialists to the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dunneandraby.co.uk/content/bydandr/42/0|title=Towards a Critical Design|date=2013|website=Dunne & Raby}}</ref> Critical design provides a stage to give scenarios, completes the dialog between specialists and the general public and helps to collect feedback from the public for further refinements before the idea is going too far for any changes.
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|location = Cambridge
|isbn = 978-0-262-06268-8
}}</ref> the same year that [[Lindsay Grace]] started the [[Critical Gameplay]] project. Grace's Critical Gameplay project is an internationally exhibited collection of video games that apply
== Critiques ==
As critical design has gained mainstream exposure, the discipline has been itself criticized by some for dramatizing so-called 'dystopian scenarios,' which may, in fact, be reflective of real-life conditions in some places in the world. Some see
== Critical acclaim ==
In recognition of their formalization of the field, Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby were presented with the inaugural [[MIT Media Lab]] Award in June 2015 with director [[Joichi Ito]] pointing out that "[Dunne and Raby's] pioneering approach to
== Distinctions with Conceptual art ==
Conceptual art practice has a very similar role as critical design since both of them are sharing critical perspectives to the public and being commentators to issues, the public may get confused to understand these two different fields. However, Matt Malpass points out that the critical designer still applies the skills from the training and practice as designer but re-orientates these skills from a focus on practical ends to a focus on design work that functions symbolically, culturally, existentially, and discursively.<ref name=":1" /> Critical design objects are made precisely based on the design principles and carefully follow the design and design research process. Also, critical design objects always stay close to people's everyday life. They tend to be tested on real people and get feedback for further developments. Conceptual art usually associates with gallery spaces and mostly tends to apply the artistic media in the process.
* [[Talk to Me (exhibition)|Talk to Me]] (MoMA), 2011▼
== See also ==
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* [[Critical technical practice]]
* [[Science fiction prototyping]]
* [[Speculative design]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=24em}}
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