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HeyElliott (talk | contribs) Changing short description from "Solar calendar used by the Odia people of India" to "Solar calendar used by the Odia people" |
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{{Short description|Solar calendar used by the Odia people}}
The '''Odia calendar''' ({{lang-or|ପାଞ୍ଜି}} Pāñji) is a [[
==New Year and Era==
{{main|Pana Sankranti}}
As per the
The '''Utkaliya era''' ({{lang-or|ଉତ୍କଳୀୟ}} Utkaḷiya) for the Odia calendar began on 592 CE on Bhādra sukḷa dvādasi (the 12th day of the full moon fortnight of the Bhādra month). Bhādra sukla dvādasi is considered to be the birthday of the legendary king [[Indradyumna]] who set
Thus the Era calendar new year falls on the 12th day of the full moon fortnight or the waxing moon lunar phase of the Bhādra month in September. This day is termed as the ''Odia financial New Year'' and is known as the festival of '''Sunia''' ({{lang-or|ସୁନିଆଁ}} suniā̃) which denotes the start of the beginning of the new financial calendar year for the collection of revenue, publishing of almanacs and the palm-leaf horoscopes carrying the reigning year of the Gajapati King. Post-1947, it has been reduced as a ceremonial day and is mostly used in the Panji calendars to denote the change of Odia calendar year for records and horoscopes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunia |date=9 September 2011 |publisher=puriwaves |url=https://puriwaves.nirmalya.in/photo_news/sunia-52-anka-1419-declared-by-gajapati-maharaja-dibyasing-dev |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Sunia (The Odia Calendar) |url=https://odia.org/articles/sunia_odi.pdf |author=Subhash Sahu |date=2009 |access-date=5 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=The Anka Ceremony of the King of Puri (India) |publisher=Journal of Social Sciences |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321220231 |author=Roland Hardenberg |date=July 2000 |access-date=5 December 2020 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
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{| class="wikitable"
! Odia year !!
|-
| ୧୪୩୦ ଉତ୍କଳାବ୍ଦ/ଉତ୍କଳୀୟ ସନ<br>1430 Utkaḷābda/Utkaḷiya San ||
|}
===Anka year===
{{main|Anka year}}
The [[Anka year]] ({{lang-or|ଅଙ୍କ}} ''Aṅka'') system is a unique [[regnal year]] system instituted by the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] kings for dating their reigns. It had a number of features that mark the regnal year different from that actual duration of the year elapsed during the reign. The system still survives today and is used in the Odia panjis to mark the titular regnal year of the King of Puri, Gajapati Maharaja [[Dibyasingha Deb]] of the [[Puri Estate]], whose title carries the legacy of historical ruling monarchs of Odisha.<ref>{{citation |title=Tentative Attributions of some Gold Fanams of the Eastern Gangas |publisher=BU |url=https://www.academia.edu/2771794
Features:
* The Anka system always starts on the Odia financial new year called Sunia which falls on the 12th day of the bright fortnight of the month Bhadra (
* Coins were minted on the date of the new year, and hence the first coins were given the Anka year 2, the number 1 was not used.
* All years ending in 6 were skipped. As in the Anka year 5 was followed by Anka year 7, Anka year 15 was followed by Anka year 17 and so on.
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==Months==
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia (Lunar)<br>ମାସ māsa !! Days
|-
| ବୈଶାଖ<br>Baiśākha || 31
|-
| ଜ୍ୟେଷ୍ଠ<br>Jyeṣṭha || 31
|-
| ଆଷାଢ଼<br>Āṣāḍha || 32
|-
| ଶ୍ରାବଣ<br>Śrābaṇa || 31
|-
| ଭାଦ୍ରବ/ଭାଦ୍ର<br>Bhādraba/Bhādra || 31
|-
| ଆଶ୍ୱିନ<br>Āświna || 31
|-
| କାର୍ତ୍ତିକ<br>Kārttika || 30
|-
| ମାର୍ଗଶିର<br>Mārgaśira || 29
|-
| ପୌଷ<br>Pauṣa || 29
|-
| ମାଘ<br>Māgha || 30
|-
| ଫାଲ୍ଗୁନ/ଫଗୁଣ<br>Phālguna/Phaguṇa || 30
|-
| ଚୈତ୍ର<br>
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Day (Odia) !! Celestial object !! Equivalent !! Day (
|-
| ରବିବାର<br>Rabibāra || [[Surya]] || [[Sun]] || [[Sunday]]
|-
| ସୋମବାର<br>Somabāra || [[Chandra]] || [[Moon]] || [[Monday]]
|-
| ମଙ୍ଗଳବାର<br>Maṅgaḷbāra || [[Mangala]] || [[Mars]] || [[Tuesday]]
|-
| ବୁଧବାର<br>Budhabāra || [[Budha]] || [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] || [[Wednesday]]
|-
| ଗୁରୁବାର<br>Gurubāra || [[Brihaspati]] || [[Jupiter]] || [[Thursday]]
|-
| ଶୁକ୍ରବାର<br>Śukrabāra || [[Shukra]] || [[Venus]] || [[Friday]]
|-
| ଶନିବାର<br>Śanibāra || [[Shani]] || [[Saturn]] || [[Saturday]]
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Odia
|-
| ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମ<br>Grīṣma || [[Summer]]
|-
| ବର୍ଷା<br>Barṣā || [[Monsoon]]
|-
| ଶରତ<br>Śarata || [[Autumn]]
|-
| ହେମନ୍ତ<br>Hemanta || Pre-[[Winter]]
|-
| ଶୀତ<br>Śīta || [[Winter]]
|-
| ବସନ୍ତ<br>Basanta || [[Spring (season)|Spring]]
|-
|}
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===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |author=Kailash Chandra Dash |title=A traditional account on Yayati Keshari: Its formation and historical authenticity |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=71 |issue=
{{Refend}}
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[[Category:Calendar eras]]
[[Category:Hindu calendar]]
[[Category:Solar calendars]]
[[Category:Lunisolar calendars]]
[[Category:Time in India]]
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