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{{Short description|Slovenian-born American prelate}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Ignatius Mrak
| honorific_suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of = Marquette|Bishop of Sault Sainte Marie and Marquette]]<br>[[titular bishop]] of Antinoë
| image = Ignacij Mrak.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt caption =
| caption native_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette|Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie and Marquette]]
| see =
| appointed = September 25, 1868
| term_end = April 28, 1879
| quashed =
| predecessor = [[Frederic Baraga]]
| successor = [[John Vertin]]
| opposed =
| other_post = <!---------- Orders = ---------->
| ordination = August 13, 1837▼
<!---------- Orders ---------->▼
| ordained_by = [[Anton Aloys Wolf]]▼
▲| ordination = August 13, 1837
| consecration = February 7, 1869 ▼
▲| ordained_by = [[Anton Aloys Wolf]]
| consecrated_by = [[John Baptist Purcell]]▼
▲| consecration = February 7, 1869
| cardinal =
▲| consecrated_by = [[John Baptist Purcell]]
| cardinal created_cardinal_by =
| rank = ▼
| created_cardinal_by =
| laicized = <!---------- Personal details ---------->▼
▲| rank =
| laicized birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1810|10|16}} ▼
▲<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name baptised =
| birth_place = [[Hotovlja]], [[Slovenia]]
▲| birth_date = {{Birth date|1810|10|16}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1901|01|02|1810|10|16}}▼
| baptised =
| birth_place death_place = [[HotovljaMarquette, Michigan|Marquette]], [[SloveniaMichigan]]
| buried = ▼
▲| death_date = {{Death date and age|1901|01|02|1810|10|16}}
| death_place = [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]], [[Michigan]]
▲| buried =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| spouse children =
| children occupation =
| occupation profession =
| profession education =
| alma_mater =
| education =
| alma_mater motto =
| motto signature =
| signature signature_alt =
| signature_alt coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ---------->▼
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_altfeast_day =
| venerated =
▲<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day saint_title =
| venerated beatified_date =
| saint_title beatified_place =
| beatified_date beatified_by =
| beatified_place canonized_date =
| beatified_by canonized_place =
| canonized_date canonized_by =
| canonized_place attributes =
| canonized_by patronage =
| attributes shrine =
▲| suppressed_date = <!---------- OrdersOther ---------->
| patronage =
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| suppressed_date module2 =
| other = ▼
<!---------- Other ---------->
| module =
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▲| other =
}}
'''Ignatius Mrak''' (October 16, 1810 &ndash; January 2, 1901) was a Slovenian-born American prelate of the [[Catholic Church]] who served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette|Bishop of SaulteSault Saint Marie and Marquette]] from 1869 to 1879.
 
==Biography==
===Early life===
Ignatius Mrak was born on October 16, 1810, in [[Hotovlja]]<ref name=CE /><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Savnik|editor-first=Roman|title=Krajevni leksikon Slovenij|volume=1|place=Ljubljana|publisher=Državna založba Slovenije|year=1968|page=362}}</ref><ref name="Taufbuch">{{cite book |title=Taufbuch |date=1809–1825 |location=Poljane nad Škofjo Loko |page=10 |url=https://data.matricula-online.eu/sl/slovenia/ljubljana/poljane-nad-skofjo-loko/01792/?pg=11 |access-date=June 26, 2022}}</ref> in the [[HotovljaDuchy of Carniola]] in the [[DuchyAustrian of CarniolaEmpire]] (present-day [[Slovenia]]). He was baptized ''Ignatz Mrack''.<ref name="Taufbuch"/> He was one of six children of Mathias and Maria (née Demscher) Mrak.<ref name=rezek>{{cite book|last=Rezek|first=Antoine Ivan|date=1906|title=History of the Diocese of Sault Ste. Marie and Marquette|url=https://wwwbooks.google.com/books/edition/History_of_the_Diocese_of_Sault_Ste_Mari/?id=wd--j79HxxUC?hl=en&gbpv=1|location=Chicago|publisher=M. A. Donohue & Co}}</ref> He received his early education at schools in [[Poljane nad Škofjo Loko|Poljane]] and [[Kranj]] before attending the [[Bežigrad Grammar School|Bežigrad Gymnasium]] in [[Ljubljana]].<ref name=CE>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia|title=Ignatius Mrak|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10624d.htm|access-date=16 November 2012}}</ref> In 1834, he entered the diocesan seminary of Ljubljana, where he completed his theological studies with honors.
 
===Priesthood===
Mrak was ordained a priest on August 13, 1837, by [[Anton Aloys Wolf]], the [[prince-bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ljubljana|Diocese of Ljubljana]].<ref name=CE/> After passing a rigorous state examination, he was appointed a tutor to the son of Baron Peter Pirquet in [[Legnago]], near [[Verona]], where he remained for two years.<ref name=CE/> He returned to Carniola in 1840 and served as an assistant pastor in Poljane and [[Slavina, Postojna|Slavina]].
 
Influenced by the missionary work of his fellow Slovene, [[Frederic Baraga]], Mrak sought admission to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Diocese of Detroit]] and arrived in the United States in October 1845.<ref name=CE/> Bishop [[Peter Paul Lefevere|Peter Lefevere]] sent him to assist Rev. [[Francis Xavier Pierz|Francis Pierz]], another Slovene, at the missions in the [[L'Arbre Croche]] region of Michigan. HeMrak quickly learned the [[Ottawa dialect]] and, one month after arriving in America, preached an entire sermon in that language.<ref name=rezek/>
 
In 1847, Mrak was given his own mission at St. Anthony's in [[Cross Village, Michigan]], while also attending other missions in [[Michigan]]:
In 1847 he was given his own mission at St. Anthony's in [[Cross Village, Michigan|Cross Village]], while also attending to St. Francis Xavier's in [[Readmond Township, Michigan|Readmond]], St. Leopold's on [[Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)|Beaver Island]], and Immaculate Conception in [[Peshawbestown, Michigan|Peshawbestown]].<ref name=quarterly>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Catholic_Quarterly_Review/vEQ8AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|title=The American Catholic Quarterly Review|volume=XXII|date=1897|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Charles A. Hardy}}</ref> This territory was placed under the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette|Vicariate Apostolic of Upper Michigan]] in 1853, headed by Bishop Baraga. The vicariate was elevated to the Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie in 1857, and Baraga appointed Mrak [[vicar general]] of the diocese in 1859.<ref name=rezek/>
 
* St. Francis Xavier's in [[Readmond Township, Michigan|Readmond]]
After returning from a European trip to recruit priests for the diocese, Mrak requested to return to his native country but was persuaded to stay by Bishops Baraga and Lefevere.<ref name=rezek/>
* St. Leopold's on [[Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)|Beaver Island]] in Lake Michigan
* Immaculate Conception in [[Peshawbestown, Michigan|Peshawbestown]]<ref name="quarterly">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEQ8AQAAMAAJ|title=The American Catholic Quarterly Review|volume=XXII|date=1897|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Charles A. Hardy}}</ref>
 
This territory was placed under the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette|Vicariate Apostolic of Upper Michigan]] in 1853, headed by Bishop Baraga. The vicariate was elevated to the Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie in 1857, and Baraga appointed Mrak [[vicar general]] of the diocese in 1859.<ref name="rezek" />After returning from a European trip to recruit priests for the diocese, Mrak requested to return to Slovenia, but was persuaded to stay in Michigan by Bishops Baraga and Lefevere.<ref name="rezek" />
===Bishop===
 
Mrak retired as bishop on April 28, 1879. He was named [[titular bishop]] of [[Antinopolis|Antinoöpolis]]. He remained in Marquette, where he died at [[UP Health System - Marquette|St. Mary's Hospital]] in 1901.<ref>{{cite news |title=Useful Life at an End |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104440435/ignatius-mrak-1810-1901/ |work=The Minneapolis Journal |date=January 3, 1901 |location=Minneapolis, MN |page=3 |accessdate=June 26, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Savnik|editor-first=Roman|title=Krajevni leksikon Slovenij|volume=1|place=Ljubljana|publisher=Državna založba Slovenije|year=1968|page=362}}</ref>▼
=== Bishop of Sault Saint Marie and Marquette ===
On September 25, 1868, Mrak was named to succeed the late Bishop Baraga as bishop of Sault Saint Marie and Marquette by [[Pope Pius IX]].<ref name="hierarchy">{{cite web|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmrak.html|title=Bishop Ignatius Mrak|website=The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church}}</ref> However, he was reluctant to accept the position and refused to respond to the letters announcing his appointment for a few months. He finally yielded and received his episcopal consecration on February 7, 1869, from Archbishop [[John Baptist Purcell|John Purcell]], with Bishops Lefevere and [[John Henni]] serving as co-consecrators, at [[Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains|St. Peter Cathedral]] in Cincinnati.<ref name="hierarchy" />
 
Mrak attended the [[First Vatican Council]] in Rome (1869-1870), which was announced a few months after his consecration. Over the course of his tenure as bishop, the diocese saw slow development. He increased the number of churches from 21 to 27 and the number of priests from 15 to 20.<ref name="CE" /> Two priests he ordained were: [[John Stariha]], a fellow Slovene who would become the first bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City|Diocese of Lead]] in South Dakota and [[Frederick Eis]], a future Bishop of Marquette.<ref name="hierarchy" /> At the same time, a depression in the [[Copper Country]] industry lead to a significant decline in the Catholic population. Two prominent schools, one in [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Ste. Marie]] and the other in [[Hancock, Michigan|Hancock]], closed during his first year as bishop.<ref name="rezek" /> In 1874 he placed a church in Hancock under [[interdict]] after the congregation refused to accept their new pastor.<ref name="rezek" />
 
===Retirement and legacy===
After suffering an attack of [[rheumatism]], Mrak submitted his resignation as bishop of Sault Saint Marie and Marquette to the pope. It was accepted on April 28, 1879, by [[Pope Leo XIII]], who gave him the [[titular see]] of ''[[Antinoöpolis|Antinoë]]''.<ref name="hierarchy" /> His health turned for the better and he served at parishes in [[Negaunee, Michigan|Negaunee]] and [[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]] before resuming his missionary work, accepting a post in Peshawbestown. He returned to Marquette in 1891 and finished his days as a chaplain at [[UP Health System - Marquette|St. Mary's Hospital]].<ref name="CE" />
 
▲Ignatius Mrak retireddied as bishopat on April 28, 1879St. HeMary's wasHospital namedin [[titularMarquette, bishopMichigan]], ofon [[Antinopolis|Antinoöpolis]].January He2, remained in Marquette1901, where he died at [[UPage Health System - Marquette|St. Mary's Hospital]] in 190190.<ref>{{cite news |title=Useful Life at an End |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104440435/ignatius-mrak-1810-1901/ |work=The Minneapolis Journal |date=January 3, 1901 |location=Minneapolis, MN |page=3 |accessdate=June 26, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Savnik|editor-first=Roman|title=KrajevniHe leksikonis Slovenij|volume=1|place=Ljubljana|publisher=Državnaburied založbain Slovenije|year=1968|page=362}}</ref>the crypt of St. Peter's Cathedral.
 
==References==
Line 110 ⟶ 118:
[[Category:Slovenian Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:19th-century Slovenian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Austrian Empire emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Marquette]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States]]
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[[Category:Slovenian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States]]
 
 
{{US-RC-bishop-stub}}
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