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{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1336–1340)}}
{{For|the town in Germany|Engen, Germany}}
{{other}}
'''Engen''' (延元) was a [[Japanese era name|Japanese era]] of the Southern Court during the [[Nanboku-cho|Era of Northern and Southern Courts]] after [[Kemmu]] and before [[Kōkoku]], lasting from [[1336]] to [[1340]]. Reigning Emperors were [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] and [[Emperor Go-Murakami]] in the south and [[Emperor Kōmyō]] in the north.
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
 
'''Engen''' (延元) was a [[Japanese era name|Japanese era]] of the Southern Court during the [[Nanboku-cho|Era of Northern and Southern Courts]] after [[KemmuKenmu]] and before [[Kōkoku]], lasting from [[February 1336]] to April 1340.<ref name="nussbaum961">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Engen''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA178 ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 178]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [1340]https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The Reigningreigning Emperors were [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] and [[Emperor Go-Murakami]] in the south and [[Emperor Kōmyō]] in the north.
 
==Nanboku-chō overview==
[[Image:Nanbokucho-capitals.svg|thumb|140px|The Imperial seats during the ''Nanboku-chō'' period were in relatively close proximity, but geographically distinct. They were conventionally identified as: {{unordered list|Northern capital : [[Kyoto]]| Southern capital : [[Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino]].}}]]
During the [[Meiji period]], an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] through [[Emperor Go-Murakami]], whose {{nihongo|Southern Court|南朝|''nanchō''}} had been established in exile in [[Yoshino District|Yoshino]], near Nara.<ref name="concise">Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4djF3oaTMC&dq=1911+texbook+controversy&pg=RA1-PA199 ''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology,'' p. 199 n57], citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' p. 140-147.</ref>
 
Until the end of the [[Edo period]], the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the [[Ashikaga shogunate]] had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the [[Imperial Regalia of Japan|Imperial Regalia]] were not in their possession.<ref name="concise"/>
 
This illegitimate {{nihongo|[[Northern Court]]|北朝|''hokuchō''}} had been established in [[Kyoto]] by [[Ashikaga Takauji]].<ref name="concise"/>
 
==Northern Court Equivalents==
*[[KemmuKenmu]] (continued)
*[[Ryakuo|Ryakuō]]
 
==References==
<center>
{{reflist}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|----- style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;text-align:right"
| Engen || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th || 5th
|----- style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"
| [[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]] || [[1336]] || [[1337]] || [[1338]] || [[1339]] || [[1340]]
|}
</center>
 
==External links==
{{start box}}
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ – historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
 
{{s-start box}}
{{succession box
|before=[[KemmuKenmu]]
|title=[[Japanese era name |Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Engen
|years=[[1336]] – [[1340]]1336–1340
|after=[[Kōkoku]]
}}
{{s-end box}}
 
{{Japan-Japanese era-stub name}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
 
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[ko:엔겐]]
[[Category:1330s in Japan]]
[[ia:Engen]]
[[Category:1340s in Japan]]
[[ja:延元]]
{{-}}
[[sv:Engen]]
{{Japan-era-stub}}
[[zh:延元]]