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{{Infobox person
'''Gola Mire/Mira''' (1911–1943) was a member of the [[Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe|Jewish resistance]] underground in Poland during [[World War II]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mire Gola |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gola-mire |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref> ▼
| name = Gola Mire/Mira
| image = Gola Mire 01.jpg
| birth_date = 1911
| death_date = 1943
| death_place = [[Montelupich Prison]], [[Kraków]], Poland
}}
▲'''Gola Mire/Mira''' (1911–1943) was a member of the [[Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe|Jewish resistance]] underground in [[Poland in World War II|Poland]] during [[World War II]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mire Gola |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gola-mire |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref>
Mire was active in the Socialist-Zionist organization [[Hashomer Hatzair|Ha-Shomer ha-Za’ir]], but left the group to join the Communist party. After the German invasion of Poland, she joined the [[Polish Workers' Party|Polish Worker’s Party]] (PPR) and collaborated with Jewish resistance groups.<ref name=":0" />▼
▲Mire was active in the
Mire was born to a Jewish family in [[Rzeszów|Rzeszow]], a town in the Galicia region of [[Poland]]. She attended Polish schools.<ref name=":0" />▼
After the [[Invasion of Poland|German invasion of Poland]], Mire joined the [[Polish Workers' Party|Polish Worker's Party]] (PPR) and collaborated with Jewish resistance groups including the Akiva and Dror Zionist youth organizations. She helped to plan and implement attacks against the [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] and was ultimately killed during a prison escape attempt.<ref name=":0" />
Mire became active in Ha-Shomer ha-Za’ir as a teenager and was elected to a leadership role in the organization requiring her to move to Lvov. She stayed behind in Poland when her parents moved to Belgium in 1932.<ref name=":0" /> ▼
== Early life and education ==
Mire was expelled from Ha-Shomer ha-Za’ir in 1932 due to her supportive stance on the Soviet Union. She joined the Communist Party in 1936 and organized a strike at the Kontakt factory, her place of employment. She was arrested for her role in the strike and served six months in prison. Upon her release, she organized Communist cells and activities in Przemysl for which she was arrested again and sentenced to twelve years in Fordon Prison. Guards at the prison fled upon the 1939 German invasion and outbreak of World War II. Mire and fellow prisoners were able to escape before the Germans arrived.<ref name=":0" /> ▼
▲Mire was born to a Jewish family in [[Rzeszów|Rzeszow]], a town in the [[Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)|Galicia]] region of [[Poland]]. She attended Polish schools.<ref name=":0" />
▲Mire became active in Ha-Shomer ha-Za’ir as a teenager and was elected to a leadership role in the organization requiring her to move to [[Lvov, Poland|Lvov]]. She stayed behind in Poland when her parents moved to Belgium in 1932.<ref name=":0" />
Prior to her imprisonment, Mire had begun a relationship with fellow Communist Olek Hausman. After escaping, Mire traveled to Warsaw looking for Olek, but discovered that he was in Bialystok. She located him there and together they went to Soviet-controlled Lvov where they were married.<ref name=":0" /> The Soviets appointed Mire as a member of city council and commissar. Olek left to join to Red Army when the Germans to Lvov in June of 1941 and was not heard from again. Mire, who was pregnant, stayed behind and gave birth unassisted in a basement. She contacted family in the [[Kraków Ghetto|Krakow Ghetto]] who sent a Polish friend to bring her to Krakow.<ref name=":0" /> Mire's baby died at the friend's home.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Gola Mira |url=https://www.yadvashem.org/es/education/educational-materials/lesson-plans/curriers/gola-mira.html |website=Yad Vashem}}</ref> ▼
== Activism and resistance ==
In Krakow, she joined the Pioneer Fighters, a Jewish resistance organization. With help from her contacts in the Polish Communist party, she created another underground Jewish resistance group call Iskra.<ref name=":1" /> Mire and her resistance group helped plan and implement a December 1942 attack at Cyganeria Cafe. Eleven Germans were killed and thirteen were injured during the attack. Roughly twenty resistance fighters died in the operation.<ref name=":1" /> ▼
=== Early activism and first imprisonment ===
▲Mire was expelled from Ha-Shomer ha-Za’ir in 1932 due to her
[[File:Gola Mire 02.jpg|thumb|Gola Mire and her family]]
▲Prior to her imprisonment, Mire had begun a relationship with fellow Communist Olek Hausman. After escaping, Mire traveled to [[Warsaw]] looking for Olek, but discovered that he was in [[Białystok|Bialystok]]. She located him there and together they went to Soviet-controlled Lvov where they were married.<ref name=":0" /> The Soviets appointed Mire as a member of city council and commissar. Olek left to join
=== Jewish resistance ===
While living in the [[Kraków Ghetto]], Mire and her cousin, Vuschka Spiner, worked in a German factory that produced goods and supplies for the [[Wehrmacht|Nazi army]]. They sabotaged canned food produced there but stopped when Mire thought it became too dangerous.<ref name=":0" /> Mire left the ghetto in January 1942 and resumed contact with the Polish Worker's Party (PPR). She urged her comrades to assist the [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jews of Poland]] as she predicted [[The Holocaust|the Nazi's plans for the annihilation of the Jews]], but was disappointed by their inaction. Seeking more support, Mire connected with active members of the Akiva and Dror Zionist organizations including Spiner's husband, Dolek Liebeskind, Shimshon Draenger (1917–1943), and Adolf (Avraham) Leibovich (1917–1943). With limited help from the PPR, Mire and her contacts arranged forrest guides and hiding places for friends outside the ghetto. These friends mostly consisted of those who were active in Iskra, a Jewish underground group, led by Heshek (Zvi) Bauminger (1919–1943). Iskra ultimately merged with the PPR. Mire and members of Akiva continued to express disappointment with the lack of support from the PPR.<ref name=":0" />
▲
=== Second imprisonment and death ===
In March 1943, Mire was arrested and sent to [[Montelupich Prison]]. She was [[Torture|tortured]] and kept in [[solitary confinement]], but did not provide her captors with information. She became close with imprisoned women from He-Haluz ha-Lohem including resistance fighter, Tova Draenger. The women, along with Genia Meltzer-Scheinberg, planned an escape attempt after learning they were to be sent to the 'Hill of Death' in Plaszow. The women were moved from their basement cells to waiting trucks. A signal was given and the women ran en masse. Most of the women, including Mire, were killed during the escape attempt. Draenger was able to get away.<ref name=":1" />
== Poetry ==
Mire often wrote poems in [[Yiddish]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], the themes of which were her husband and dead baby as well as Communism and resistance.<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mire, Gola}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:Jewish women]]
[[Category:Polish Jews who died in the Holocaust]]
[[Category:Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust]]
[[Category:Polish resistance members of World War II]]
[[Category:People from Rzeszów]]
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