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{{Short description|Avenue in North Nicosia, Cyprus}}
{{Other uses|Dereboyu (disambiguation){{!}}Dereboyu}}
[[File:Dereboyu new mall and general view North Nicosia.jpg|thumb|300px|A mall, constructed in 2014, and a general view in Dereboyu, with the Golden Tulip Hotel on the right]]
'''Dereboyu Avenue''' ({{lang-tr|Dereboyu Caddesi}}), also known simply as '''Dereboyu''' and officially as '''Mehmet Akif Avenue''' ({{lang-tr|Mehmet Akif Caddesi}}), is the busiest avenue in [[North Nicosia]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Yeni uygulama 23
The avenue extends into the [[Green Line (Cyprus)|Green Line]] along a northwest to south axis. The part of it under [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus|Turkish Cypriot]] control has a length of 1,500-1,600 metres.<ref name="Rafiemanzelat">{{cite journal|last1=Rafiemanzelat|first1=R.|title=Influence of Place Identity on Walkability: A Comparative Study between Two Mixed Used Streets Chaharbagh St. Isfahan, Iran and Dereboyu St. Lefkosa, North Cyprus|journal=International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering|date=2016|volume=10|issue=2|pages=255–264|s2cid=19921413 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6076/b524d646c4bbf969a45a2f8c5c9180955cb8.pdf?_ga=2.189883555.904045922.1508376430-1598598095.1508376430|accessdate=19 October 2017|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019162838/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6076/b524d646c4bbf969a45a2f8c5c9180955cb8.pdf?_ga=2.189883555.904045922.1508376430-1598598095.1508376430|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="salimi">{{cite journal|last1=Salimi|first1=Atieh|title=User Perception along Streets: The Case of Dereboyu Street, Lefkosa (North Cyprus), KKTC|journal=Int'l Journal of Advances in Agricultural & Environmental Eng|date=2016|volume=3|issue=2|pages=333–5|url=http://iicbe.org/upload/5700U0716309.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2017|issn=2349-1523}}</ref>
The avenue extends into the [[Green Line (Cyprus)|Green Line]], and the part of it under [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus|Turkish Cypriot]] control has a length of 1,600 metres, with two lanes.<ref>Mehmet Akif Avenue in Google Earth</ref> The [[Nicosia Marathon]]'s route passes through the avenue.<ref>[http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/41/news/30617/PageName/SPOR Lefkoşa maratonu yapıldı] (Kıbrıs Postası)</ref> The avenue hosts bars and restaurants,<ref name=dereboyu>[http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/index.php/cat/2/news/78616/PageName/Ic_Haberler Dereboyu’na yakışmadı] ([[Kıbrıs (newspaper)|Kıbrıs]])</ref> as well as occasional shopping festivals and concerts<ref>[http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/index.php/cat/9/news/90726/PageName/Magazin Gençler coşacak] (Kıbrıs)</ref> and the annual Nicosia Carnival.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dereboyu 'Lefkoşa Karnavalı' ile renklenecek..|url=http://www.ekonomikibris.com/dereboyu-lefkosa-karnavali-ile-renklenecek/2784/|publisher=Ekonomi Kıbrıs|accessdate=22 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> It is also used as a site for protests.<ref>[http://www.kibrispostasi.com/print.php?news=68460 KTOEÖS ve KTÖS, Lefkoşa sokaklarında meşaleli yürüyüş gerçekleştirdi] ([[Kıbrıs Postası]])</ref>▼
== History ==
[[File:Dereboyu at night North Nicosia 2.jpg|thumb|right|Dereboyu Avenue at night]]
[[File:Dereboyu north nicosia 6.jpg|thumb|right|A restaurant in the avenue]]
=== British rule ===▼
It was known as "Shakespeare Avenue" during British rule.<ref>Keshishian, Kevork K. (1978). ''Nicosia: Capital of Cyprus Then and Now'', Attached map, The Mouflon Book and Art Centre.</ref> The name was changed into "Mehmet Akif Avenue" after Turkish poet [[Mehmet Akif Ersoy]] by the Nicosia Turkish Municipality in the early 1960s,<ref>{{cite web|title=Hatıralarımızı geri verin (Hafta sonu yazıları 17)|url=http://www.havadiskibris.com/hatiralarimizi-geri-verin-hafta-sonu-yazilari-17/|publisher=Havadis|accessdate=18 October 2017}}</ref> on the grounds that the name reflected colonial legacy.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mutluyakalı|first1=Cenk|title=‘Menfaat’ değil ‘adalet’ isteyenlerKaynak: ‘Menfaat’ değil ‘adalet’ isteyenler|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/menfaat-degil-adalet-isteyenler-740yy.htm|publisher=Yeni Düzen|accessdate=18 October 2017|language=Turkish}}</ref> Older generations referred to the avenue as "Mehmet Akif Avenue", but to describe it, the phrase "dere boyundaki cadde" ("the avenue along the river") was used as it lies along the [[Pedieos River]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gündüz|first1=Erdinç|title=Dereboyu...|url=http://www.kibrispostasi.com/print.php?col=115&art=8016|publisher=Kıbrıs Postası|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> The British administration built an elevated road, named "Irish Bridge", from the avenue across the river, but the road was flooded during winter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lefkoşa’da sel baskınları ve Kanlıdere|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/Ekler/adres-kibris/sayi-98/lefkosa-da-sel-baskinlari-ve-kanlidere/208|publisher=Yeni Düzen|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> The [[Cyprus Government Railway]] track from [[Morphou]] to Nicosia passed through the avenue. The area was known as "Tabakhane" ("tannery") or "Tabana" in the first half of the century as the [[tannery]] was located in the avenue, next to the river where a plantation now exists, having been moved there from the [[Tabakhane, Nicosia|Tabakhane]] quarter of the walled city in the 19th century by the British administration. Haşmet Muzaffer Gürkan described a "pervading foul odor" in the avenue, where there were "no signs of life" apart from a few dairy farms and the tannery before the 1950s. In 1953, as the [[Köşklüçiftlik]] quarter expanded into the avenue and the first houses were built, the tannery was moved to a village. The railway track was also dismantled in 1952, leaving behind a steel bridge and a long strip of land that was then converted to a park.<ref name=gurkan>{{cite book|last1=Gürkan|first1=Haşmet Muzaffer|title=Dünkü ve Bugünkü Lefkoşa|publisher=Galeri Kültür|isbn=9963660037|pages=142|edition=3rd|language=Turkish}}</ref>▼
▲=== British rule and independence ===
In 1960, Public Instrument No. 162 of the British administration declared that the widening, realigning and development of the avenue was in public interests and would be undertaken.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cyprus Gazette|date=1960|publisher=British Administration in Cyprus|pages=148, 187|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=Q6kBVfilK8K7PY2agdAJ&id=x4oHAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22+to+the+Nicosia-Kyrenia+Main+Road+to+be+an%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Shakespeare+Street+1960|accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> The name of the street was officially changed later because it was "a remnant of the British colonial period".<ref>{{cite web|title=‘Menfaat’ değil ‘adalet’ isteyenler - Shakespeare sokağı|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/Yazarlar/cenk-mutluyakali/menfaat-degil-adalet-isteyenler/740|publisher=Yeni Düzen|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref>▼
At the southern part of the avenue, near the Green Line today, lies a historical [[Armenian Cypriots|Armenian]] cemetery. Based on records, the use of this area for burial purposes is estimated to date back to the 15th century, but the graves in the area are thought to have been destroyed by the [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] administration in the 1560s, as all that stood immediately outside the city walls was destroyed for security purposes against the imminent Ottoman attack. The first modern burials in this cemetery are thought to have taken place in around 1810. The burials continued until 1931 and the cemetery was maintained until 1963.<ref name="Christodoulou">{{cite web|last1=Christodoulou|first1=Kyriaki|title=The history of the Armenian Cemetery in Nicosia|url=http://www.cna.org.cy/webnews-en.aspx?a=86bc7df93bdc48cd9122f6417b81dacd|publisher=Cyprus News Agency|accessdate=19 October 2017|date=27 July 2016}}</ref>
▲It was known as "Shakespeare Avenue" during British rule.<ref>Keshishian, Kevork K. (1978). ''Nicosia: Capital of Cyprus Then and Now'', Attached map, The Mouflon Book and Art Centre.
▲In 1960, Public Instrument No. 162 of the British administration declared that the widening, realigning and development of the avenue was in public interests and would be undertaken.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cyprus Gazette|date=1960|publisher=British Administration in Cyprus|pages=148, 187|url=https://books.google.
The name of the street was officially changed in the 1960s by the Nicosia Turkish Municipality into "Mehmet Akif Avenue"<ref>{{cite web|title=Hatıralarımızı geri verin (Hafta sonu yazıları 17)|url=http://www.havadiskibris.com/hatiralarimizi-geri-verin-hafta-sonu-yazilari-17/|publisher=Havadis|accessdate=18 October 2017}}</ref> after Turkish poet [[Mehmet Akif Ersoy]] because it was "a remnant of the British colonial period".<ref>{{cite web|title='Menfaat' değil 'adalet' isteyenler - Shakespeare sokağı|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/Yazarlar/cenk-mutluyakali/menfaat-degil-adalet-isteyenler/740|publisher=Yeni Düzen|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142911/http://www.yeniduzen.com/Yazarlar/cenk-mutluyakali/menfaat-degil-adalet-isteyenler/740|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Considered to be an example of the [[Turkification]] of place names in Cyprus, the name change has provoked controversy within the context of [[Cypriotism]].<ref name="beyazoglu">{{cite journal|last1=Beyazoglu|first1=Ibrahim|title=Nostalgia, Myth, Nationalism: The Postcolonial Nostalgia for "British" Cyprus|journal=Revista de cercetare și intervenție socială|date=2017|volume=58|pages=209–220|url=http://www.rcis.ro/images/documente/rcis58_13.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2017}}</ref>
=== Transformation into an entertainment centre ===
The avenue has become a centre of entertainment.
When [[Kutlay Erk]] was the mayor of the Nicosia Turkish Municipality, the sculpture of a [[Tulipa cypria|Medoş tulip]], endemic to Cyprus, was unveiled in the avenue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Köprüden geçti gelin...|url=http://www.kibris.net/basin/yazarlarimiz/serbest/hkahveci/arsiv/2005/aralik/9_aralik_2005.htm|publisher=Kibris.net|accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref>
In 2011, there was a decrease in the interest of the public in the avenue, as the country was stricken by recession. However, shop owners claimed that issues such as traffic and safety due to drunk youths and occasional gangs also played a role in the decline in the business.<ref name=marka>{{cite web|title=Dereboyu markalaştırılmalı|url=http://haberkibris.com/faa0fa4c-2011_06_04.html|publisher=Haber Kıbrıs|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> In 2013, a roundabout at the junction with the Osman Örek Avenue was restructured.<ref>{{cite web|title=Şehir Planlama Dairesi 1Ocak – 31 Aralık 2013 Faaliyetleri|url=http://spd.gov.ct.tr/Portals/103/FAAL%C4%B0YET%20RAPORLARI/web%20sitesi%20FAAL%C4%B0YET%20RAPORU%202013.pdf|publisher=TRNC City Planning Department|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307231057/http://spd.gov.ct.tr/Portals/103/FAAL%C4%B0YET%20RAPORLARI/web%20sitesi%20FAAL%C4%B0YET%20RAPORU%202013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Infrastructure and development ==
In 2014, [[Kadri Fellahoğlu]], then the mayor of North Nicosia, announced that the Turkish Cypriot military had granted the permission to build a parallel road through the military zone on the other bank of the river to ease the traffic in Dereboyu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dereboyu için trafik açılımı|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/Haberler/haberler/dereboyu-icin-trafik-acilimi/39549|publisher=Yeni Düzen|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> It was then announced that after the building of the new road, the traffic in Dereboyu would become unidirectional, and new parking lots would be built across the river, as part of an extensive project of environmental restructuring.<ref>{{cite web|title=
== Activities ==
▲In 2014, [[Kadri Fellahoğlu]], then the mayor of North Nicosia, announced that the Turkish Cypriot military had granted the permission to build a parallel road through the military zone on the other bank of the river to ease the traffic in Dereboyu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dereboyu için trafik açılımı|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/Haberler/haberler/dereboyu-icin-trafik-acilimi/39549|publisher=Yeni Düzen|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> It was then announced that after the building of the new road, the traffic in Dereboyu would become unidirectional, and new parking lots would be built across the river, as part of an extensive project of environmental restructuring.<ref>{{cite web|title=LTB’den Dereboyu’na yeni yol müjdesi|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/Haberler/haberler/iste-yeni-yol/39653|publisher=Yeni Düzen|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> In 2015, the entrance to some of the roads branching from Dereboyu was banned to ease the traffic.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dereboyu'nda sağa dönüşler yasak|url=http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/?p=625300|publisher=Kıbrıs|accessdate=12 March 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref>
▲The
== See also ==
{{
* [[Köşklüçiftlik]]
* [[Makariou Avenue, Nicosia|Makarios Avenue]]
== References ==
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