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{{short description|Comic album by Belgian cartoonist Hergé}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 20122021}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox graphic novel
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|previous=''[[The Black Island]]''
|previous-date=1938
|next= {{plainlist|
* ''[[Land of Black Gold]]'' (1939) (abandoned)
* ''[[The Crab with the Golden Claws]]''
}}
|next-date=1941
}}
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==Synopsis==
 
Having discovered a lost briefcase in a Belgian park, Tintin returns it to its owner, the [[sigillography|sigillographer]] Professor [[Professor Alembick|Hector Alembick]], who informs the reporter of his plans to travel to the [[Balkans|Balkan nation]] of Syldavia. Tintin discovers agents spying on himthe professor and follows those responsible to a nearby Syldavian restaurant.{{sfn|Hergé|19471958|pp=1–7}} An unknown man agrees to meet with Tintin but is found unconscious and appears to have [[amnesia]]. Shortly after, the reporter receives a threatening note and is then the target of a bomb attack; Tintin survives the latter when police detectives [[Thomson and Thompson]] intercept the bomb. Suspecting that these events are linked to Syldavia, Tintin decides to accompany Professor Alembick on his forthcoming visit to the country.{{sfn|Hergé|19471958|pp=7–15}} On the plane journey there, Tintin notices Alembick acting out of character, and suspects that an imposter has replaced him. Reading a brochure on Syldavian history, Tintin theorises that the imposter is part of a plot to steal the [[sceptre]] of the Medievalmedieval King Ottokar IV from the current [[King Muskar XII]] before St. Vladimir's Day, thus forcing him to [[abdication|abdicate]].{{sfn|Hergé|19471958|pp=15–22}}
 
Forcibly ejected from the plane by the pilot, Tintin survives and informs local police of his fears regarding the plot. However, the police captain is part of the conspiracy, and he organises an ambush in the woods where Tintin will be eliminated. Tintin evades death, and heads to the capital city of Klow in a car carrying the opera singer [[Bianca Castafiore]].{{sfn|Hergé|19471958|pp=23–28}} Leaving the car to evade Castafiore's singing, Tintin is arrested again and survives another assassination attempt before heading to Klow byon foot. Arriving in the city, he meets the King's ''[[aide-de-camp]]'', [[Colonel Jorgen|Colonel Boris Jorgen]], andseeking warnspermission himto ofmeet the plotKing. However, Jorgen is also a conspirator and organises a further unsuccessful assassination attempt aimed at Tintin.{{sfn|Hergé|19471958|pp=29–38}} Meanwhile, the imposter pretending to be Alembick is allowed into Kropow Castle, where the sceptre is kept. Tintin finally succeeds in personally warning the King about the plot and they both rush to Kropow Castle, only to find that the sceptre is missing.{{sfn|Hergé|1958|pp=38–46}}
 
Tintin succeeds in personally warningWith the Kingaid aboutof theThomson plot.and ConcernedThompson, Tintinwho andhave Muskarrecently rusharrived toin Kropow CastleSyldavia, whereTintin thediscovers sceptre is kept, to find thathow the imposter pretending to be Alembick has succeeded in smugglingconspirators itsmuggled out of the buildingsceptre to his accomplices.{{sfn|Hergé|1947|pp=38–46}} Withfrom the aid of ThomsonCastle and Thompson, who have recently arrived in Syldavia, Tintin pursues the thieves, first by car and then by foot across the mountains. He is able to prevent the sceptre being carried over the border into neighbouring Borduria, discovering a letter on one of the conspirators. It reveals that the plot has been orchestrated by [[Müsstler]], a political agitator who runs both the Syldavian Iron Guard, orand the Zyldav Zentral Revolutzionär Komitzät (ZZRK), anda whosubversive organization which intends to stir up unrest in Syldavia, thereby allowinghave Borduria to invade and annex the countrySyldavia.{{sfn|Hergé|19471958|pp=47–53}} Entering Borduria, Tintin commandeers a fighter plane and heads to Klow, but the Syldavian military shoot him down. Parachuting, he continues to Klow by foot, returning the sceptre to the King on St. Vladimir's Day and securing the monarchy. In thanksreturn, the king makes Tintin a Knight of the Order of the Golden Pelican; the first foreigner to receive the honour. Tintin later learns that the imposter was Alembick's twin brother whileafter police arrest Müsstler and rescue Professor Alembick.{{sfn|Hergé|19471958|pp=54–60}}
 
==History==
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Hergé claimed that the basic idea behind the story had been given to him by a friend; biographer [[Benoît Peeters]] suggested that the most likely candidate was school and [[scouting]] friend Philippe Gérard, who had warned of a second war with Germany for years.{{sfnm|1a1=Peeters|1y=2012|1p=98|2a1=Goddin|2y=2009|2p=40}} ''Tintin'' scholars have claimed Hergé did not develop the names ''Syldavia'' and ''Borduria'' himself;{{efn|At first, Hergé named the country "Sylduria".{{sfn|Goddin|2009}} }} instead, the country names had supposedly appeared in a paper included in a 1937 edition of the ''[[British Journal of Psychology]]'', in which the author described a hypothetical conflict between a small kingdom and an annexing power.{{sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=82|2a1=Libération|2y=2006}} Reportedly, the paper, by [[Lewis Fry Richardson]] and entitled "General Foreign Policy", explored the nature of inter-state conflict in a [[mathematics|mathematical]] way.{{sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=82|2a1=Libération|2y=2006}} Peeters attributed these claims to Georges Laurenceau, but said that "no researcher has confirmed this source". Instead, a paper by Richardson entitled "Generalized Foreign Politics: A Story in Group Psychology" was published in ''The British Journal of Psychology Monograph Supplements'' in 1939, but did not mention ''Syldavia'' or ''Borduria''. In any case, given the publication date, it is unlikely that it was an influence on ''King Ottokar's Sceptre''.{{sfn|Peeters|2012|p=325}}
 
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=left|quote="At the time, Germany was of course on my mind; ''Ottokar's Sceptre'' is nothing other than the tale of a failed Anschluss. But one can take it to be any other totalitarian regime ... Moreover, isn't the villain of ''Ottokar's Sceptre'' called [[Müsstler]], evidently a combination of Mussolini and Hitler? It strikes me as a clear allusion.".|source=Hergé, talking to [[Numa Sadoul]]{{sfnm|1a1=Sadoul|1y=1975|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=82}} }}
 
Hergé designed Borduria as a satirical depiction of Nazi Germany.{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=83|2a1=Apostolidès|2y=2010|2p=29}}
Hergé named the pro-Bordurian agitator "Müsstler" from the surnames of [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] leader [[Adolf Hitler]] and Italy's [[National Fascist Party|National Fascist]] leader [[Benito Mussolini]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=82|2a1=Lofficier|2a2=Lofficier|2y=2002|2p=43|3a1=Assouline|3y=2009|3p=62|4a1=Peeters|4y=2012|4p=98}} The name also had similarities with the [[British Union of Fascists]]' leader [[Oswald Mosley]] and the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]]' leader [[Anton Mussert]].{{sfn|Peeters|2012|p=98}} Müsstler's group was named after the [[Iron Guard]], a Romanian fascist group that sought to oust [[Carol II of Romania|King Carol II]] and forge a Romanian-German alliance.{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=82|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=81}} The Bordurian officers wore uniforms based on those of the German [[Schutzstaffel|SS]],{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=83|2a1=Apostolidès|2y=2010|2p=29}} while the Bordurian planes are German in design; in the original version Tintin escapes in a [[Heinkel He 112]],{{sfn|Goddin|2009|p=50}} while in the revised version this is replaced by a [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]].{{sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1pp=84–85|2a1=Apostolidès|2y=2010|2p=29}} Hergé adopted the basis of Borduria's false flag operation to take over Syldavia from the plans outlined in [[Curzio Malaparte]]'s ''Tecnica[[Coup del Colpo di Stato'd'État: ("''The Technique of a Coup d'EtatRevolution]]''").{{sfn|Peeters|2012|p=99}}
[[File:Mostar-1900.jpg|thumb|250px|The Bosnian town of Mostar (pictured around 1890-1900) has been suggested as a likely influence on Hergé's depiction of the Syldavian village.]]▼
Syldavia's depiction was influenced by the costumes and cultures of [[Romania]] and the neighboring Balkan region.{{sfnm|1a1=Peeters|1y=2012|1p=100|2a1=Goddin|2y=2009|2p=50}} The mosques that appear in Hergé's Syldavia are based on those found throughout the Balkans,{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=83|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=81}} while the appearance of the Syldavian village, featuring red-tiled roofs and [[minarets]], may have been specifically inspired by the [[Bosnia]]n town of [[Mostar]].{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=8}} Syldavia's mineral rich [[subsoil]] could be taken as a reference to the [[uranium deposits]] found under Romania's [[Carpathian Mountains]] - later to be mentioned directly in the eventual ''[[Destination Moon (comics)|Destination Moon]]''.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}} ''Tintin'' scholars have noted that the black [[pelican]] of Syldavia's flag resembles the black eagle of [[Flag of Albania|Albania's flag]],{{sfn|Farr|2001|p=81}} and that Romania is the only European country to which pelicans are native.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}} ▼
 
▲Syldavia's depiction was influenced by the costumes and cultures of [[Romania]] and the neighboring Balkan region.{{sfnm|1a1=Peeters|1y=2012|1p=100|2a1=Goddin|2y=2009|2p=50}} The mosques that appear in Hergé's Syldavia are based on those found throughout the Balkans,{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=83|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=81}} while the appearance of the Syldavian village, featuring red-tiled roofs and [[minarets]], may have been specifically inspired by the [[Bosnia]]n town of [[Mostar]].{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=8}} Syldavia's mineral rich [[subsoil]] could be taken as a reference to the [[uranium deposits]] found under Romania's [[Carpathian Mountains]] -– later to be mentioned directly in the eventual ''[[Destination Moon (comics)|Destination Moon]]''.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}} ''Tintin'' scholars have noted that the black [[pelican]] of Syldavia's flag resembles the black eagle of [[Flag of Albania|Albania's flag]],{{sfn|Farr|2001|p=81}} and that Romania is the only European country to which pelicans are native.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}}
The name Syldavia may be a composite of [[Transylvania]] and [[Moldavia]], two regions with historical ties to Romania.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}} Czech, Slovak, and Bohemian history influenced the Syldavian names,{{sfn|Assouline|2009|p=62}} while several [[List of rulers of Bohemia|medieval Bohemian kings]] were the inspiration for the name "Ottokar".{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=83|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=81}} The [[Polish language]] influenced Hergé's inclusion of "-ow" endings to the names of Syldavian places, while Polish history parallels Hergé's description of Syldavian history.{{sfn|Farr|2001|p=81}}▼
The [[Syldavian|Syldavian language]] used in the book had French syntax but with [[Marols|Marollien]] vocabulary, a joke understood by the original Brussels-based readership.{{sfn|Assouline|2009|p=62}}
 
▲[[File:Mostar, Türken Viertel-1900LCCN2002710853.jpg|thumb|250px|The Bosnian town of Mostar (pictured around {{circa}}1890-1900) has been suggested as a likely influence on Hergé's depiction of the Syldavian village.]]
However, despite its Eastern European location, Syldavia itself was partly a metaphor for Belgium - Syldavian King Muskar XII physically resembles King [[Leopold III of Belgium]].{{sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=82|2a1=Peeters|2y=2012|2p=100}}{{efn|Syldavian King Muskar XII also resembles King [[Zog I of Albania]] and Prince [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] of Romania.{{sfn|Goddin|2009|p=50}}{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}} }} Hergé's decision to create a fictional Eastern European kingdom might have been influenced by [[Ruritania]], the fictional country created by [[Anthony Hope]] for his novel ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' (1894), which subsequently appeared in film adaptations in [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1913 film)|1913]], [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1915 film)|1915]], [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1922 film)|1922]], and [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1937 film)|1937]].{{sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=43}} Many places within Syldavia are visually based on pre-existing European sites: the ''[[Diplodocus]]'' in the Klow Natural History Museum is based on the one in the [[Museum für Naturkunde]], [[Berlin]]; the Syldavian Royal Palace is based on both the [[Charlottenburg Palace]], Berlin{{sfn|Farr|2001|p=82}} and the [[Royal Palace of Brussels]];{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=12-13}} and Kropow Castle is based on [[Olavinlinna Castle]], constructed in fifteenth century [[Savonia (historical province)|Savonia]] - a historical province of the [[Sweden|Swedish Kingdom]], located in modern-day Finland.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=11}} For the revised version, Kropow Castle was drawn with an additional tower, inspired by [[Vyborg Castle]], Russia.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=23}} Prior to the Second World War, both Olavinlinna and Vyborg Castle were located in South-Eastern Finland and were thus closely affiliated. The United Kingdom also bore at least one influence on Syldavia, as King Muskar XII's carriage is based on the [[British Royal Family]]'s [[Gold State Coach]].{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=18-19}}▼
▲The name Syldavia may be a composite of [[Transylvania]] and [[Moldavia]], two regions with historical ties to Romania.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}} Czech, Slovak, and Bohemian history influenced the Syldavian names,{{sfn|Assouline|2009|p=62}} while several [[List of rulers of Bohemia|medieval Bohemian kings]] were the inspiration for the name "Ottokar".{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=83|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=81}} The [[Polish language]] influenced Hergé's inclusion of "-ow"''–ow'' endings to the names of Syldavian places, while Polish history parallels Hergé's description of Syldavian history.{{sfn|Farr|2001|p=81}} The [[Syldavian|Syldavian language]] used in the book had French syntax but with [[Marols|Marollien]] vocabulary, a joke understood by the original Brussels-based readership.{{sfn|Assouline|2009|p=62}}
 
▲However, despite its Eastern European location, Syldavia itself was partly a metaphor for Belgium -– Syldavian King Muskar XII physically resembles King [[Leopold III of Belgium]].{{sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=82|2a1=Peeters|2y=2012|2p=100}}{{efn|Syldavian King Muskar XII also resembles King [[Zog I of Albania]] and Prince [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] of Romania.{{sfn|Goddin|2009|p=50}}{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=9}} }} Hergé's decision to create a fictional Eastern European kingdom might have been influenced by [[Ruritania]], the fictional country created by [[Anthony Hope]] for his novel ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' (1894), which subsequently appeared in film adaptations in [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1913 film)|1913]], [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1915 film)|1915]], [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1922 film)|1922]], and [[The Prisoner of Zenda (1937 film)|1937]].{{sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=43}} Many places within Syldavia are visually based on pre-existing European sites: the ''[[Diplodocus]]'' in the Klow Natural History Museum is based on the one in the [[Museum für Naturkunde]], [[Berlin]]; the Syldavian Royal Palace is based on both the [[Charlottenburg Palace]], Berlin{{sfn|Farr|2001|p=82}} and the [[Royal Palace of Brussels]];{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=12-13}} and Kropow Castle is based on [[Olavinlinna Castle]], constructed in fifteenth century [[Savonia (historical province)|Savonia]] -– a historical province of the [[Sweden|Swedish Kingdom]], located in modern-day Finland.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=11}} For the revised version, Kropow Castle was drawn with an additional tower, inspired by [[Vyborg Castle]], Russia.{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=23}} Prior to the Second World War, both Olavinlinna and Vyborg Castle were located in South-Eastern Finland and were thus closely affiliated. The United Kingdom also bore at least one influence on Syldavia, as King Muskar XII's carriage is based on the [[British Royal Family]]'s [[Gold State Coach]].{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=18-19}}
 
===Original publication===
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===Second version, 1947===
The story was redrawn and colourised in 1947. For this edition, Hergé was assisted by [[Edgar P. Jacobs]], an artist who worked as part of [[Studios Hergé]]. Jacobs oversaw changes to the costumes and background of the story; in the 1938 version, the Syldavian Royal Guards are dressed like British [[Beefeaters]], while the 1947 version has them dressed in a Balkanised uniform similar to the [[National Guards Unit of Bulgaria]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=84|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=87|3a1=Lofficier|3a2=Lofficier|3y=2002|3p=44}} Jacobs also inserted a cameo of himself and his wife in the Syldavian royal court, while in that same scene is a cameo of Hergé, his then-wife Germaine, his brother Paul, and three of his friend'sfriends -– Édouard Cnaepelinckx, [[Jacques Van Melkebeke]], and Marcel Stobbaerts.{{sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=87|2a1=Lofficier|2a2=Lofficier|2y=2002|2p=44}}{{sfn|Tett|2012|p=22}} Hergé and Jacobs also inserted further cameos of themselves at the bottom of page 38, where they appear as uniformed officers.{{sfn|Farr|2001|pp=87, 89}} While the character of Professor Alembick had been given the forename of Nestor in the original version, this was changed to Hector for the second; this had been done so as to avoid confusion with the character of [[Nestor (comics)|Nestor]], the butler of [[Marlinspike Hall]], whom Hergé had introduced in ''[[The Secret of the Unicorn]]''.{{sfn|Thompson|1991|p=84}} Editions Casterman published this second version in book form in 1947.{{sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=42}}
Editions Casterman published this second version in book form in 1947.{{sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=42}}
 
===Subsequent publications and legacy===
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==Adaptations==
''King Ottokar's Sceptre'' was the first of ''The Adventures of Tintin'' to be adapted for the animated series ''[[Hergé's Adventures of Tintin]]''. The series was created by Belgium's [[Belvision Studios]] in 1957, directed by Ray Goossens and written by [[Greg (comics)|Greg]]. The studio divided ''King Ottokar's Sceptre'' into six 5-minute black-and-white episodes that diverteddiverged from Hergé's original plot in many ways.{{sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=87}} It was also adapted into a 1991 episode of ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' television series by French studio [[Ellipse Programme|Ellipse]] and Canadian animation company [[Nelvana]].{{sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=90}} The episode was directed by Stéphane Bernasconi, and Thierry Wermuth voiced the character of Tintin.{{sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=90}}
 
Tintin fans adopted the Syldavian language that appears in the story and used it to construct grammars and dictionaries, akin to the fan following of ''[[Star Trek]]'''s [[Klingon language|Klingon]] and [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s [[Elvish languages (Middle-earth)|Elvish]].{{sfnm|1a1=Lofficier|1a2=Lofficier|1y=2002|1p=43|2a1=Rogers|2y=2011|2p=215|3a1=Rosenfelder|3y=1996}}
 
==References==
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===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |title=The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults |last=Apostolidès |first=Jean-Marie |authorlinkauthor-link=Jean-Marie Apostolidès |others=Jocelyn Hoy (translator) |year=2010 |origyearorig-year=2006 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford |isbn=978-0-8047-6031-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GiktoScv17oC |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Hergé, the Man Who Created Tintin |last=Assouline |first=Pierre |authorlinkauthor-link=Pierre Assouline |others=Charles Ruas (translator) |year=2009 |origyearorig-year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=978-0-19-539759-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsyEMjvdYJgC |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin: The Complete Companion |last=Farr |first=Michael |authorlinkauthor-link=Michael Farr |year=2001 |publisher=John Murray |location=London |isbn=978-0-7195-5522-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcytngEACAAJ |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 2: 1937-1949 |last=Goddin |first=Philippe |authorlinkauthor-link=Philippe Goddin |others=Michael Farr (translator) |year=2009 |publisher=Last Gasp |location=San Francisco |isbn=978-0-86719-724-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3fenQEACAAJ |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=King Ottokar's Sceptre |last=Hergé |authorlinkauthor-link=Hergé |year=1958 |origyearorig-year=1947 |others=Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner (translators) |publisher=Egmont |location=London |isbn=978-0-316-35831-6 |url=https://books.google.co.uktetcom/books?id=hMCengEACAAJ |ref=harv }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite news |title=Une métaphore de la Belgique |trans-title=A metaphor of Belgium |language=Frenchfr |last=Lindon |first=Mathieu |date=21 August 2006 |work=Libération |location=Paris |url=http://www.liberation.fr/cahier-special/2006/08/21/une-metaphore-de-la-belgique_48910 |urlaccess-status=live |accessdatedate=18 June 2014 |ref={{harvid|Libération|2006}} }}
* {{cite book |title=The Pocket Essential Tintin |last1=Lofficier |first1=Jean-Marc |last2=Lofficier |first2=Randy |authorlink1author-link1=Jean-Marc Lofficier |year=2002 |publisher=Pocket Essentials |location=Harpenden, Hertfordshire |isbn=978-1-904048-17-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kburngEACAAJ |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin and the Secret of Literature |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |authorlinkauthor-link=Tom McCarthy (novelist) |year=2006 |publisher=Granta |location=London |isbn=978-1-86207-831-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-UbAQAAIAAJ |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin and the World of Hergé |last=Peeters |first=Benoît |authorlinkauthor-link=Benoît Peeters |year=1989 |publisher=Methuen Children's Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-416-14882-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P97GQgAACAAJ |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Hergé: Son of Tintin |last=Peeters |first=Benoît |authorlinkauthor-link=Benoît Peeters |others=Tina A. Kover (translator) |year=2012 |origyearorig-year=2002 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Maryland |isbn=978-1-4214-0454-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS5v-F04AoQC |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=The Dictionary of Made-Up Languages: From Elvish to Klingon |last=Rogers |first=Stephen D. |year=2011 |publisher=Adams Media, a division of [[F+W]] |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-4405-3039-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DVDMb8B0_gC&pg=215 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |title=Hergé's Syldavian: A grammar |last=Rosenfelder |first=Mark |year=1996 |url=http://www.zompist.com/syldavian.html |url-status=livedead |accessdateaccess-date=18 June 2014 |refarchive-url=harvhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140209003506/http://zompist.com/syldavian.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 }}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin et moi: entretiens avec Hergé |trans-title=Tintin and I: Interviews with Hergé |language=Frenchfr |last=Sadoul |first=Numa |authorlinkauthor-link=Numa Sadoul |year=1975 |publisher=Casterman |location=Tournai |isbn=978-2-08-080052-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4knAQAAIAAJ |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=King Ottokar's Sceptre -: The Real-life Inspiration Behind Tintin's Adventures|last=Tett|first=Stuart|date=10 January 10, 2012|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-316-13383-8|url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=1BcnuQAACAAJ&dq|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin: Hergé and his Creation |last=Thompson |first=Harry |authorlinkauthor-link=Harry Thompson |year=1991 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |isbn=978-0-340-52393-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NDX5TmISfYUC |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
 
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[[Category:1939 graphic novels]]
[[Category:1947 graphic novels]]
[[Category:TintinComics booksset in fictional countries]]
[[Category:WorksComics originally publishedset in Le Petit VingtièmeEurope]]
[[Category:Literature first published in serial form]]
[[Category:Methuen Publishing books]]
[[Category:ComicsTintin set in Europebooks]]
[[Category:ComicsWorks setoriginally published in aLe fictionalPetit countryVingtième]]
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