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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{For|the 17th century plantation|Varina Farms}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Varina, Virginia
| official_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Former [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] and current [[United States magistrate judge#State courts|magisterial district]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
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<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| pushpin_map = USA Virginia
| coordinates = {{Coord|37|22|55|N|77|20|10|W|format=dms|display=title, inline|type:city_region:US-VA}}
| coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| grid_name = <!-- name of a regional grid system -->
| grid_position = <!-- position on the regional grid system -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Virginia]]
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico]]<!-- etc., subdivision_type6 / subdivision_name6 -->
<!-- established -->
| established_title = <!-- Founded -->
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| named_for =[[Varina Farms|Varina plantation]]
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| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
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| area_total_sq_mi = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details -->
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| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
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}}
[[File:Varina Landing, Virginia (vicinity). View of ships on James River. (Near here Gen. Ord's 18th Army Corps crossed the James) LOC cwpb.02183.jpg|thumb|Varina Landing. View of ships on James River.]]
'''Varina''' ({{IPAc-en|v|ə|ˈ|r|aɪ|n|ə}} {{respell|və|RY|nə}}) is a former [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] and current [[United States magistrate judge#State courts|magisterial district]] in the easternmost portion of [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico County]], [[Virginia]], [[United States]].
==History==
===Varina Plantation===
The first occurrence of the name Varina was in 1632 which was ten years after the death of John Rolfe.
A persistent but incorrect legend linking Varina Plantation with John Rolfe and Pocahontas arose in the mid-19th century.
20.6. 1632 p 107 [CP p15] WILLIAM DAWKES, Planter, 250 acs. in the upper part neare the neck of land commonly called Verinas, butting E. upon 2 Mi. Cr., W. towards land of Thomas Packer, (or Parker), S upon a Swamp adi. to the maine river. Due in right of his father Henry Dawkes & his uncle William Leigh for their per. adv. & by bill of adv. dated 14 July 1608 & granted to him by order of Ct. the 7 Oct. last past. His first devdt., to be doubled.
===County seat and town===
The Native American massacre ([[Powhatan attack of 1622]]) resulted in the downfall of the Henricus settlement. The Varina settlement built up around much of Varina Plantation.<ref name="Nom Form">{{cite web|url=https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/043-0020_Varina_Plantation_1977_Final_Nomination.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Varina Plantation |publisher=[[National Park Service]]|date=April 29, 1977 |access-date=January 8, 2020}}</ref><ref name="HHS-VD">{{Cite web |url=http://www.henricohistoricalsociety.org/varina.html |title=Varina District |website=Henrico County (Virginia) Historical Society |access-date=January 8, 2020}}</ref> Varina covered an area of 18 by 25 miles, but it later became known as Henrico. After that, Varina generally referred to the plantation.<ref name="HHS-VD" /> Varina became the [[county seat]] of Henrico when it was formed as one of the eight original [[shires of Virginia]] in 1634.
In 1666, the first courthouse was built at Varina for [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico County]].<ref name="DHR Varina">{{Cite web |title=043-0020 Varina Plantation |url=https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/043-0020/|website=Virginia Department of Historic Resources |access-date=January 8, 2020}}</ref> Varina was established as an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in 1680.
By 1640, a church for [[Henrico Parish]] and other buildings were built either on the Varina plantation or in the settlement of Varina, but their location is unknown. By 1640, Varina was the site of the Henrico Parish [[glebe]].<ref name="DHR Varina" /> From 1685 to 1694, Rev. [[James Blair (clergyman)|James Blair]] was the minister at Varina Parish. He was made [[College of William & Mary]]'s first rector in 1694<ref name="DHR Varina" /> and was one of the founders of the school.<ref name="Nom Form" /> After Blair, [[William Stith]] lived at the glebe at Varina.<ref name="Nom Form" />
In 1741, the Henrico Parish church was relocated to the present location of [[Saint John's Church, Richmond, Virginia|St. John's Episcopal Church]] in the [[Church Hill, Richmond, Virginia|Church Hill]] section of Richmond. Varina remained the county seat of Henrico County until 1752, when the seat was relocated to the growing city of [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], located at the [[head of navigation]] on the north side of the James River.
===Varina historic districts===
Varina historic districts include Cedar Hill and Armour House, [[Curles Neck Plantation|Curles Neck]], Dabbs House, Dorey Barn, [[Gravel Hill, Henrico County, Virginia|Gravel Hill]], and Osborne School House.<ref name="HHS-VD" />
In November 1635, a land patent was attained by Captain Thomas Harris for 750 acres, of that 100 acres were awarded for being an early settler during the "time of Sir [[Thomas Dale]]".<ref name="Curles Neck" /> Harris represented Curles Neck at the [[House of Burgesses]]. His house was among the oldest in Virginia between 1635 and 1654, the ruins of which have been part of an archaeological study. The ruins were found near the existing house built in the early 18th century. It had tunnels to the James River to escape attacks by Native Americans.<ref name="Curles Neck" /> First called Longfield,{{efn|The plantation had a number of names, starting with Longfield, and including Strawberry Plains, Bremo, and other names.<ref name="Curles Neck" />}} it is now commonly known at Curles Neck Plantation,<ref name="Curles Neck" /> the residence of [[Nathaniel Bacon (Virginia colonist)|Nathaniel Bacon]], who led [[Bacon's Rebellion]] during the Colonial period and also was known for his campaigns against Native Americans.<ref name="HPOI" /> Bacon lived at the plantation from 1674 until his death in 1676.<ref name="Curles Neck">{{Cite web |url=http://www.henricohistoricalsociety.org/varina.curlesneck.html |title=Henrico County (Virginia) Historical Society - Henrico County's Varina District - Curles Neck |website=www.henricohistoricalsociety.org |access-date=January 9, 2020}}</ref> The property was confiscated by the British after Bacon was found guilty of treason.<ref name="Curles Neck" /> In 1698, the [[Randolph family of Virginia]] and held the property for longer than other owners.<ref name="Curles Neck" /> The Georgian style plantation is believed to have been destroyed during the Civil War.<ref name="Curles Neck" />
Dabbs House was a residence of the [[Antebellum South]] which is located near the Eastern Government Center of Henrico and was the eastern headquarters of the Henrico's Division of Police.<ref name="HPOI" /> Chief Justice [[John Marshall]] owned the Chickahominy Farm near Meadowview Park as a country residence in the early 19th century.<ref name="Cedar Hill" />
The owner of Cedar Hill, James D. Vaughan, was a member of the [[10th Virginia Cavalry|10th Regiment of the Virginia Cavalry]] during the Civil War and had served in the [[Virginia militia]]. The Greek Revival style farmhouse, built in the 19th century, still survives but has been part of a project to restore the building and it was moved from its original location.<ref name="Cedar Hill">{{Cite web |url=http://www.henricohistoricalsociety.org/varina.cedarhillandarmourhouse.html |title=Henrico County (Virginia) Historical Society - Henrico County's Varina District - Cedar Hill and Armour House |website=www.henricohistoricalsociety.org |access-date=January 9, 2020}}</ref>
===Civil War===
[[File:Varina landing, Virginia (vicinity). Aiken house on James River LOC cwpb.01763.jpg|thumb|Aiken house at Varina, 1861–1869.]]
During the Civil War, Clover Forest Plantation was [[Robert E. Lee]]'s headquarters for a period.<ref name="HPOI" /> The [[Seven Days Battle]] (1862) began in the Varina area and Lee was able to watch the battle from a bluff on what is now Meadowview Park.<ref name="Cedar Hill" /> Cedar Hill was used as a camp during the Seven Days Battle, including by Confederate units of Dershaws Division.<ref name="Cedar Hill" />
During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] (1861–1865), it was one of the two major Southern places for prisoner exchange.<ref name="DHR Varina" /> Union General [[Benjamin Butler]] took over the plantation for his official headquarters and the house and cabin housed his staff.<ref name="Nom Form" /> [[Robert E. Lee]], a Confederate soldier, established his Richmond-area headquarters at the [[Clover Forest Plantation|Dabbs House]].<ref name="HPOI">{{Cite web |url=https://henrico.us/history/landmarks/historical-points-of-interest/ |title=Historical Points of Interest - Henrico County, Virginia |website=henrico.us |access-date=January 9, 2020}}</ref>
{{See also|Varina Farms#Civil War}}
===Economy change===
After the emergence of Richmond as a major community and port in the mid-18th century, and as land transportation became better, the location of Varina, which was not on any major roadway, became more isolated, gradually slipping into primarily farming use.
==Archaeology==
Prehistoric Native American occupation has been identified in Meadowview Park by archaeologists.<ref name="Cedar Hill" />
==See also==
*[[Former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia]]
==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Henrico County, Virginia}}
{{Greater Richmond Region}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Populated places in Henrico County, Virginia]]
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