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{{Short description|Hebrew term for betrothal}}
{{Italic title}}
'''Erusin''' (אירוסין) is the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] term for [[betrothal]]. In [[modern Hebrew]], "erusin" means [[engagement]], but this is not the historical meaning of the term, which is the first part of marriage (the second part being ''[[nissuin]]'').<ref name="JewEncBet">{{Jewish Encyclopedia|article=betrothal|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=995&letter=B}}</ref> ▼
[[File:Jewish engagement book.jpg|right|thumb|Engagement book of Jakob Wyler and Robertine Bloch, 1907, Brugg, today in the collection of the [[Jewish Musem of Switzerland|Jewish Museum of Switzerland]]]]
▲'''''Erusin''''' ({{Script/Hebrew|אירוסין}}) is the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] term for [[betrothal]]. In [[modern Hebrew]], "erusin" means [[engagement]], but this is not the historical meaning of the term, which is the first part of marriage (the second part being ''[[nissuin]]'').<ref name="JewEncBet">{{Jewish Encyclopedia|article=betrothal|url=http://
Since the [[Middle Ages]]<ref name="JewEncMarLaw">{{Jewish Encyclopedia|article=marriage ceremonies|url=http://
In [[Hebrew]] and [[classical rabbinic literature]], betrothal is frequently referred to as sanctification (Hebrew:
== In the Hebrew Bible ==
In the [[book of Deuteronomy]], the concept of erusin is introduced. This holds the couple accountable to the law against [[adultery]], which is punishable by death, while not fully considering them as married.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Deuteronomy|22:23|HE}}</ref>
The traditional commentators do not necessarily explain ''mohar'' this way. [[Rashi]] understands
Consent from a betrothed woman is not explicitly mentioned as a requirement in the Bible,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kawashima |first=Robert S. |date=2011 |title=Could a Woman Say "No" in Biblical Israel? On the Genealogy of Legal Status in Biblical Law and Literature |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41310646 |journal=AJS Review |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |issn=0364-0094}}</ref> but permission to forgo consent is not explicitly permitted either.<ref name="CheyneAndBlackMar">{{EncyclopaediaBiblica|article=MARRIAGE|section=Manius-Mash}}</ref> That said, after encountering [[Rebecca|Rebekah]] ([[Chayei Sarah|Genesis 24]]:15-16), Abraham's servant sought permission from her family for her to accompany him and become the wife of Isaac (Genesis 24:58).<ref>{{Bibleverse|Genesis|24:57,58|HE}}</ref>
== In the Talmud ==
=== The legal act ===
The Talmud states that there are three methods of performing erusin
▲The Talmud states that there are three methods of performing erusin; by handing the woman a coin or object of nominal value, by handing her a document and through [[consummation]] (sexual intercourse), although the last is discouraged, if not outright prohibited.<ref name = "JewEncBet"/> In all cases the woman's consent is required; however, it can be implied by her silence.<ref>Jewish Encyclopedia, ''Consent'' (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=736&letter=C)</ref> In religious law, two valid witnesses must see the ceremony.<ref>[[Abraham Danzig]], ''[[Hokhmat Adam|Wisdom of Man]]'' 129:16</ref>
== The ceremony ==
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=== The blessings ===
The erusin is preceded by a blessing over wine and then the ''bircat erusin'' (betrothal blessing).<ref name="RLamm15">The Jewish Way in Love & Marriage, Rabbi Maurice Lamm, Harper & Row, 1980,
=== The betrothal ===
Today, the custom is to perform the betrothal by giving the bride an object whose value is well known, and fairly constant: a gold [[wedding ring|ring]] without a stone. This is in accordance with the first method mentioned above.
The actual betrothal now takes place.
=== The ketubah ===
In order to separate the erusin and
=== Other issues ===
For legal purposes, a betrothed couple
The rabbis prohibited marrying without an [[engagement]] (''[[shiddukhin]]''). Therefore, an old custom is to sign a ''[[:he:תנאים (אירוסים)|Shetar haT'na'im]]'' as a formal form of engagement, forming an informal declaration of the couple's intentions,<ref>Adler, Binyamin. ''Sefer haNisuim Kehilchatam'', haMesorah Publishing, Jerusalem, 1985. chapter 3, paragraph 184-5.</ref> and is read close to the start of the betrothal ceremony.
== See also ==
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== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}{{Jewish life}}
{{Marital life in Judaism}}
[[Category:Jewish marital law]]
▲[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Weddings by religion]]
[[Category:Jewish life cycle]]
[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law]]
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