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no, it contrasts close, near-close, close-mid, open-mid and open vowels - see the SOWL (if /æ ɶ ɒ/ are open-mid then /ɛ œ ɔ/ are close-mid and the remaining "mid" vowels are near-close) |
m Added the swedish audio example that is on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology. |
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{{Short description|
{{infobox IPA
|above=Mid front unrounded vowel
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{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}
The '''mid front unrounded vowel''' is a type of [[vowel]] sound that is used in some spoken [[language]]s. There is no dedicated symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents the exact mid front unrounded vowel between close-mid {{IPA|[e]}} and open-mid {{IPA|[ɛ]}}, but it is normally written {{angbr IPA|e}}. If precision is required, diacritics may be used, such as {{angbr IPA|e̞}} or {{angbr IPA|ɛ̝}} (the former, indicating [[lowered (phonetics)|lowering]], being more common). In [[Sinology]] and [[Koreanology]], {{angbr|[[ᴇ]]}}
For many of the languages that have only one [[phonemic]] front unrounded vowel in the mid-vowel area (neither close nor open), the vowel is pronounced as a true mid vowel and is phonetically distinct from either a close-mid or open-mid vowel. Examples are [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Hejazi Arabic]], [[Serbo-Croatian]] and [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[Seoul Dialect|Seoul dialect]]). A number of dialects of [[English language|English]] also have such a mid front vowel. However, there is no general predisposition. [[Igbo language|Igbo]] and [[Egyptian Arabic]], for example, have a close-mid {{IPA|[e]}}, and [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] has an open-mid {{IPA|[ɛ]}}, but none of these languages have another phonemic mid front vowel.
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| [[Afrikaans]] || Standard{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded mid-front vowel {{IPA|/ɛ/}}"}} || {{lang|af|[[Afrikaans alphabet|b'''e'''d]]}} || {{IPA|[bɛ̝t]}} || 'bed' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɛ}}. The height varies between mid {{IPA|[ɛ̝]}} and close-mid {{IPAblink|e}}.{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded mid-front vowel {{IPA|/ɛ/}}"}} See [[Afrikaans phonology]]
|-
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || [[Hejazi Arabic|Hejazi]]{{sfnp|Abdoh|2010|p=84}} || {{lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|بـ'''يـ'''ت]]|rtl=yes}} /
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Breton language|Breton]]{{sfnp|Ternes|1992|p=433}} || {{example needed|date=October 2018}} || || || Possible realization of unstressed {{IPA|/ɛ/}}; can be open-mid {{IPAblink|ɛ}} or close-mid {{IPAblink|e}} instead.{{sfnp|Ternes|1992|p=433}}
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| [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Some speakers{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|z'''e'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[zɛ̝t]}} || 'shove' (n.) || Open-mid {{IPAblink|ɛ}} in Standard Dutch.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}} See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="
|-
| [[Cockney]]{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=305}} || ''[[English orthography|b'''ir'''d]]'' || {{IPA|[bɛ̝̈ːd]}} || 'bird' || Near-front; occasional realization of {{IPA|/ɜː/}}. It can be rounded {{IPAblink|œ̝ː}} or, more often, unrounded central {{IPAblink|ɜ̝ː}} instead.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=305}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɜː}}.
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|-
| [[Received Pronunciation]]{{sfnp|Roach|2004|p=242}} || Many speakers pronounce a more open vowel {{IPAblink|ɛ}} instead. See [[English phonology]]
|-
| [[Inland Northern American English|Inland Northern American]]<ref name="map">{{cite web|last1=Labov|first1=William|last2=Ash|first2=Sharon|last3=Boberg|first3=Charles|date=15 July 1997|title=A National Map of the Regional Dialects of American English|publisher=Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania|url=http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/NationalMap/NationalMap.html|accessdate=March 7, 2013}}</ref> || rowspan="2" | ''[[English orthography|b'''i'''t]]'' || {{IPA|[bë̞t̚]}} || rowspan="2" | 'bit' || rowspan="2" | Near-front,<ref name="map"/>{{sfnp|Scobbie|Gordeeva|Matthews|2006|p=7}} may be {{IPAblink|ɪ}} (also {{IPAblink|ə}} in Scotland) instead for other speakers. See [[Northern Cities vowel shift]]
|-
| [[Scottish English|Scottish]]{{sfnp|Scobbie|Gordeeva|Matthews|2006|p=7}} || {{IPA|[bë̞ʔ]}}
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| colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]] || {{lang|ko|[[Hangul|내가]]}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|[[Romanization of Korean|n'''ae'''ga]]}} || {{IPA|[nɛ̝ɡɐː]}}|| 'I'|| Pronunciation of {{angbr IPA|ɛ}}. See [[Korean phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Latvian language|Latvian]]{{Sfnp|Grigorjevs|Jaroslavienė|2015|p=79, 85}}
|{{Lang|lv|[[Latvian orthography|'''ē'''st]]}}
|{{IPA|[ê̞ːs̪t̪]}}
|'to eat'
|Typically transcribed in IPA with {{Angbr IPA|e}}.
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[
|-
| Weert dialect{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=107}} || {{lang|li|z'''è'''gke}} || {{IPA|[ˈzɛ̝ɡə]}} || 'to say'
|-
| [[Low Saxon]] || [[Gelders-Overijssels]] and [[Drents]]<ref>Reeks Nederlandse Dialectatlassen Zuid-Drente en Noord-Overijssel 1982. H. Entjes.</ref> || '''''èè'''t zie?'' || {{IPA|[e̞ːt]}} || 'do they eat?' || Only around the border of eten - èten, [e:] vs [ɛ:]
|-
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] || Standard || {{lang|mk|[[Macedonian alphabet|м'''е'''д]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈmɛd̪]}} || 'honey' ||
|-
|[[Malay language|Malay]]
|[[Malay language|Standard]]
|elok
|[e̞ˈlo̞ʔ]
|'good'
|See [[Malay phonology]]
|-
| [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || [[Urban East Norwegian|Urban East]]{{sfnp|Strandskogen|1979|pp=15-16}}{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=13}} || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|n'''e'''tt]]}} || {{IPA|[nɛ̝tː]}} || 'net' || See [[Norwegian phonology]]
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| colspan="2" | [[Serbo-Croatian]]{{sfnp|Kordić|2006|p=4}}{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarića|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=67}} || {{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|т'''е'''к]]}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|t'''e'''k]]}} || {{IPA|[t̪ĕ̞k]}} || 'only' || See [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]]
|-
| [[Slovak language|Slovak]] || Standard{{sfnp|Pavlík|2004|pp=93, 95}}{{sfnp|Hanulíková|Hamann|2010|p=375}} || {{lang|sk|[[Slovak orthography|b'''e'''hať]]}} || {{IPA|[
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Slovene language|Slovene]]<ref name="Srebot-Rejec">{{cite web|title=On the vowel system in present-day Slovene|author=Tatjana Srebot-Rejec|url=http://nl.ijs.si/isjt98/zbornik/sdjt98-Srebot.pdf}}</ref> || {{lang|sl|[[Slovene orthography|v'''e'''likan]]}} || {{IPA|[ʋe̞liˈká̠ːn]}} || 'giant' || Unstressed vowel,<ref name="Srebot-Rejec"/> as well as an allophone of {{IPA|/e/}} before {{IPA|/j/}} when a vowel does not follow within the same word.{{sfnp|Šuštaršič|Komar|Petek|1999|p=138}} See [[Slovene phonology]]
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| colspan="2" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]{{sfnp|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=256}} || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|b'''e'''b'''é''']]}} || {{IPA|[be̞ˈβ̞e̞]}}|| 'baby' || See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}} || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|h'''ä'''ll]]}} || {{IPA|[hɛ̝l̪]|audio=Sv-häll.ogg}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Tera language|Tera]]{{sfnp|Tench|2007|p=230}} || {{lang|ttr|z'''e'''}} || {{IPA|[zè̞ː]}} || 'spoke' ||
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| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=155}}{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=10}} || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|'''e'''v]]}} || {{IPA|[e̞v]}} || 'house' || See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]{{sfnp|Šewc-Schuster|1984|p=34}} || {{lang|hsb|nj'''e'''bjo}} || {{IPA|[
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1966|p=166}} || {{example needed|date=October 2015}} || || || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɛ̃}}. It is nasalized, and may be open-mid {{IPAblink|ɛ|ɛ̃}} instead.{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1966|p=166}}
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