Győr: Difference between revisions

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m Fix infobox subtitle comment formatting (also applying convert template and and general fixes), typo(s) fixed: December 28, 1996 → December 28, 1996,
 
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{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- General information -->
| name = Győr
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Town with county rights|City with county rights]]
| official_name = {{lang|hu|Győr Megyei Jogú Város}}
| native_name =
<!-- Images and maps -->
| image_blank_emblem =
| image_skyline = Győr montage1.jpg
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Hungary|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Győr District|Győr]]
| diocese =
| rank =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[Csaba András Dézsi]]<ref name="Index.hu Dézsi Csaba András megnyerte a választást (2020)">{{cite web |author=Attila, Rovó; Marianna, Biró |title=Index.hu – A fideszes Dézsi Csaba András megnyerte Győrben az időközi polgármester-választást |url=https://index.hu/belfold/2020/01/26/gyor_idokozi_polgarmester_valasztas_eredmeny_dezsi_csaba_andras_pollreisz_balazs_borkai_fidesz/ |publisher=© 1999-2020 Index.hu Zrt. |access-date=2020-01-26 |date=2020-01-26 |language=hu}}</ref> ([[Fidesz]])
| leader_title1 = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Dr Tivadar Somogyi ([[Fidesz]]-[[KDNP]]) <br />Dr Dávid Fekete ([[Fidesz]]-[[KDNP]]) <br />Ákos Radnóti ([[Fidesz]]-[[KDNP]])
| leader_title2 = [[Town Notary]]
| leader_name2 = Dr Szilárd Lipovits <br />Petra Tibold
<!-- Geographic information -->
| area_total_km2 = 174.62
| area_footnotes = <ref name="ksh-2017">{{cite web |url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2017.pdf |title=Gazetteer of Hungary, 1 January 2017|publisher=Hungarian Central Statistical Office |date=2017-10-05 |language=en, hu |page=52 |access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref>
| area_urban_km2 =
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| elevation_m = 108
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
<!-- Demographic information -->
| population_total = 129301
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=25584 KSH, Győr, 2017]</ref><ref name="ksh-2017" />
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| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = győri
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| demographics_type1 = [[Demographics of Hungary|Population by ethnicity]]
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="KSH - Győr, 2011">[http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=25584 KSH - Győr, 2011]</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = [[Hungarians]]
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| demographics1_title4 = Others
| demographics1_info4 = 1.7%
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2 = [[Demographics of Hungary|Population by religion]]
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="KSH - Győr, 2011">[http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=25584 KSH - Győr, 2011]</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Catholic Church in Hungary|Roman Catholic]]
| demographics2_info1 = 44.9%
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| demographics2_info5 = 14.2%
 
<!-- Codes, website, ... -->
| postal_code = 9000 to 9030
| area_code = (+36) 96
| ksh_code =
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}}
 
'''Győr''' ({{IPAc-en|US|d|j|əːr|,_|dʒ|əːr}} {{respell|DYUR|,_|JUR}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Gyor|access-date=8 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Gyor|access-date=8 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-hu|ɟøːr|lang|Hu-Győr.oga}}; {{lang-de|Raab|links=no}}; <small>[[names of European cities in different languages: E-H#G|names in other languages]]</small>) is the main city of northwest [[Hungary]], the capital of [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County]] and [[Western Transdanubia|Western Transdanubia region]], and – halfway between [[Budapest]] and [[Vienna]] – situated on one of the important roads of Central Europe. It is the sixth largest city in Hungary, and one of its seven main regional centres. The city has [[City with county rights|county rights]].
 
==History==
The area along the [[Danube]] River has been inhabited by varying cultures since ancient times. The first large settlement dates back to the 5th century BCE; the inhabitants were [[Celts]]. They called the town ''Ara Bona'' "Good altar", later contracted to ''Arrabona'', a name which was used until the eighth century. Its shortened form is still used as the German (''Raab'') and Slovak (''Ráb'') names of the city.
 
Roman merchants moved to Arrabona during the 1st century BCE. Around 10 CE, the Roman army occupied the northern part of Western Hungary, which they called ''[[Pannonia]]''. Although the Roman Empire abandoned the area in the 4th century due to constant attacks by the tribes living to the east, the town remained inhabited.
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Around 500 the territory was settled by [[Slavs]], in 547 by the [[Lombards]], and in 568–c. 800 by the [[Avars (Carpathians)|Avars]], at that time under [[Franks|Frankish]] and [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] influence. During this time it was called ''Rabba'' and later ''Raab''. Between 880 and 894, it was part of [[Great Moravia]], and then briefly under [[East Frankish]] dominance.
[[File:Karmelita_templom_Győrben.jpg|thumb|right|[[Carmelites|Carmelite]] church in Győr]]
[[File:Györ Ufer der Raab 3.JPG|thumb|[[Rába]] at Győr]]The [[Magyars]] occupied the town around 900 and fortified the abandoned Roman fortress. [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]], the first king of Hungary, founded an [[episcopate]] there. The town received its Hungarian name ''Győr'', which likely derives from Old Hungarian personal name Győr, who could be the county's first [[Ispán|count]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bényei |first1=Ágnes |url=https://vmek.oszk.hu/01600/01695/01695.pdf |title=Az Árpád-kori Győr vármegye településneveinek nyelvészeti elemzése |last2=Pethő |first2=Gergely |publisher=Magyar Névarchívum |year=1998 |isbn=9634722857 |editor-last=Hofmann |editor-first=István |location=[[Debrecen]] |page=16 |trans-title=The linguistic analysis of Győr county's place names from the age of the House of Árpád}}</ref> The town was affected by all the trials and tribulations of the history of Hungary: it was occupied by Mongols during the [[First Mongol invasion of Hungary|Mongol invasion (1241–1242)]] and then was destroyed by the [[Czech lands|Czech]] army in 1271.
 
After the disastrous [[battle of Mohács]], Baron [[Tamás Nádasdy]] and Count [[György Cseszneky]] occupied the town for King [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] while [[János Szapolyai|John Zápolya]] also was attempting to annex it. During the [[Ottoman wars in Europe|Ottoman occupation]] of present-day central and eastern Hungary<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/511433/Royal-Hungary |title=Royal Hungary (historical region, Hungary) - |encyclopedia=Britannica Online Encyclopedia |access-date=2011-09-16}}</ref> (1541 - late 17th century), Győr's commander Kristóf Lamberg thought it would be futile to try to defend the town from the Turkish army. He burned down the town and the Turkish forces found nothing but blackened ruins, hence the Turkish name for Győr, ''Yanık kale'' ("burnt castle").
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==Climate==
Győr's climate is classified as [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfb'') closely bordering on a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''). Among them, the annual average temperature is {{Convertconvert|11.1|C}}, the hottest month in July is {{Convertconvert|21.6|C}}, and the coldest month is {{Convertconvert|0.3|C}} in January. The annual precipitation is {{Convertconvert|569.6|mm}}, of which July is the wettest with {{Convertconvert|64.8|mm}}, while February is the driest with only {{Convertconvert|26.9|mm}}. The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from {{Convertconvert|-22.1|C}} on December 28, 1996, to {{Convertconvert|40.6|C}} on August 8, 2013.
{{Weather box
|location = Győr, 1991−2020 normals
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==Economy==
[[Audi|Audi AG]] subsidiary company [[Audi Hungaria Zrt.]] has a large [[list of Volkswagen Group factories|factory]] in Győr, where the [[Audi TT]] sports car, the [[Audi A3|A3 Cabriolet]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2007/11/Produktionsstart.html |title=Start of production and world premiere for the Audi A3 Cabriolet in Hungary|work=Volkswagen AG|date=30 November 2007|access-date=30 August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120104505/http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2007/11/Produktionsstart.html |archive-date=20 November 2008}}</ref> [[Audi A3#A3 Sedan (2013–present)|A3 Limousine]],<ref name="World Industrial Reporter (Audi A3 Limousine production start)">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldindustrialreporter.com/audi-hungaria-celebrates-start-of-production-of-a3-limousine/ |title=World Industrial Reporter – Audi Hungaria Celebrates Start of Production of A3 Limousine|date=2013-06-13|publisher=© 2013 Thomas Publishing Company|access-date=2013-07-17|archive-date=2014-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213012659/http://www.worldindustrialreporter.com/audi-hungaria-celebrates-start-of-production-of-a3-limousine/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and many [[list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines|engines]] (1,913,053 engines in 2007) are built. The factory opened in 1994, at first producing [[inline-four engine]]s for the Audi [[marque]]. Business then grew to assembling the Audi TT Coupé and TT Roadster. Eventually, [[V6 engine|V6]] and [[V8 engine]]s were also included, and after the acquisition of [[Lamborghini|Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.]], Audi then began to build [[V10 engine]]s. The V10s for Audi vehicles are fully assembled here, but only the [[cylinder block]]s for the [[Lamborghini V10]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lambocars.com/archive/newl140.htm |title=Lamborghini Cars full specifications - First spyshots of the Lamborghini L140 model|work=LamboCars.com|access-date=30 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050418002240/http://www.lambocars.com/archive/newl140.htm |archive-date=2005-04-18}}</ref> Engines are also supplied to other [[Volkswagen Group]] marques, but over 90% of Audi vehicle engines are made here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbj.hu/news/news_35128.html |title=Audi ups Hungarian output |publisher=BBJ.hu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621021618/http://www.bbj.hu/news/news_35128.html |archive-date=2008-06-21 |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref> By 2020, the factory has a 12 MW solar roof, producing 9.5 GWh/year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Largest Rooftop Solar System in Europe Goes Online ... on Audi Factory |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2020/10/09/largest-rooftop-solar-system-in-europe-goes-online-on-audi-factory/ |website=[[CleanTechnica]] |date=10 October 2020}}</ref>
 
== Politics ==