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{{Short description|French anarchist writer (1854–1939)}}
[[Image:Jean Grave.png|thumb|Jean Grave]]
'''Jean Grave''' ({{IPA|fr|gʁav|lang}}; October 16, 1854, [[Le Breuil-sur-Couze]] – December 8, 1939, [[Vienne-en-Val]]) was an important activist in the [[Anarchism in France|French anarchist]] and the international [[anarchist movementcommunism]] movements. He was involvedthe witheditor of three major anarchist periodicals, ''[[ÉliséeLe ReclusRévolté]]'', ''[[RévoltéLa Révolte]]''. and Initially''{{ill|Les aTemps [[socialist]],nouveaux he(newspaper)|lt=Les becameTemps anNouveaux|fr|Les anarchistTemps afternouveaux 1880(journal)}}'', and wrote dozens of pamphlets and a popularizernumber of [[Peterimportant Kropotkin]]'sanarchist ideasbooks.<ref name=B/>
 
Grave supported anarchism in the late 1870s, when it first began to emerge as a distinct movement. He was initially a supporter of [[Jules Guesde]]'s Marxist-inspired philosophy. He attended political meetings in [[Paris]] before moving in 1883 to [[Geneva]] where he was invited by [[Peter Kropotkin]] and [[Elisée Reclus]] to be the editor of ''Le Révolté'', which was renamed ''La Révolte'' when it moved to Paris in 1886. He edited ''La Révolte'' from 1887 to 1894.<ref name=B>{{cite journal|last1=Bantman|first1=Constance|title=Jean Grave and French Anarchism: A Relational Approach (1870s–1914)|journal=International Review of Social History|volume=62|issue=3|year=2017|pages=451–477|issn=0020-8590|doi=10.1017/S0020859017000347|doi-access=free}}</ref>
In 1892 Grave wrote ''[[La société mourante et l'anarchie]]'', prefaced by [[Octave Mirbeau]], for which he was sentenced to two years in prison. Mirbeau, like [[Élisée Reclus]], [[Paul Adam (French novelist)|Paul Adam]], and [[Bernard Lazare]] had testified on Grave's behalf, but to no avail. ▼
 
▲In 18921893 Grave wrote ''[[La société mourante et l'anarchie]]'',<ref name=B/> prefaced by [[Octave Mirbeau]], for which he was sentenced to two years in prison. Mirbeau, like [[Élisée Reclus]], [[Paul Adam (French novelist)|Paul Adam]], and [[Bernard Lazare]] had testified on Grave's behalf, but to no avail. The trial only popularised the book, which was rapidly translated into German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Yiddish. An English translation by [[Voltairine De Cleyre]] appeared in 1899.
 
Grave was acquitted in the "[[Trial of the thirty]]".
 
InFrom 1895 heto began1922 publishingGrave ''[[Leswas Tempsthe nouveauxeditor of (newspaper)|''Les Temps nouveaux]]'',<ref name=B/> which was influential in literary and artistic circles of the time. Many well-known artists (such as [[Aristide Delannoy]], [[Maximilien Luce]], [[Paul Signac]], [[Alexandre Steinlen]], [[Théo van Rysselberghe]], [[Camille Pissarro]], [[Kees van Dongen]], [[Charles Angrand]], [[Henri-Edmond Cross]], [[George Willaume]], etc.) illustrated and helped to finance the review.
 
In 1914 Grave joined Kropotkin in [[England]], and incurred the wrath of anti-war anarchists by signing the ''[[Manifesto of the Sixteen]]'', which supported the allies during [[World War I]].
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Grave also wrote ''[[Le Mouvement libertaire sous la IIIe république]]''.
 
==Sources==
==Secondary literature==
* Louis Patsouras: ''Anarchism of Jean Grave''. Black Rose Books, 2001.
 
==References==
<references />
 
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110129013426/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/GraveJean.htm Jean Grave Page] at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
*[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001155658 Moribund Society and Anarchy] at the Hathi Trust digital library.
 
 
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Grave, Jean
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = October 16, 1854
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = December 8, 1939
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grave, Jean}}
[[Category:1854 births]]
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[[Category:People from Puy-de-Dôme]]
[[Category:French anarchists]]
[[Category:French socialistscommunists]]
[[Category:Anarchist Anarcho-communists]]
 
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