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{{for|the Swedish museum|Vrak – Museum of Wrecks}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
| name = Vrak
| logo = Vrak logo.svg
| logo_caption = Final logo, 2016-2023
| logo_size = 200px
| launch_date = September 1, 1988
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| sister_channels = [[Noovo]]<br>[[Z (TV channel)|Z]]<br>[[Canal D]]<br>[[Canal Vie]]<br>[[Cinépop]]<br>[[MTV (Canadian TV channel)|MTV]]<br>[[MTV2 (Canadian TV channel)|MTV2]]<br>[[Much (TV channel)|Much]]
}}
'''Vrak''' (stylized as '''VRΔK''') was a [[Television in Canada|Canadian]] [[French language]] [[specialty channel]] owned by [[Bell Media]]. The channel primarily broadcast live-action programming aimed at 13-to-35 age group audiences. Launched in 1988 as Le Canal Famille,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/television/bell-media-to-shut-down-vrak-tv-oct-1-after-videotron-stops-distributing-channel|title=Bell Media to shut down Vrak TV after Videotron ends its distribution | Montreal Gazette}}</ref> the channel ceased operations on October 1, 2023, due to declining viewership and
==History==
===Background===
====TVJQ====
The origins of the channel date back to 1975, when [[Vidéotron|Télécâble Vidéotron]], then established in [[Longueuil]] and serving the [[South Shore (Montreal)|South Shore of Montreal]], already distributed around thirty channels, accessible via a converter.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Jean Forest |title=Canaux multiples et option communautaire chez Télécâble Vidéotron |newspaper=[[La Presse (Canadian Newspaper)|Télé-Presse]] |volume=91 |number=249 |date=18 October 1975 |pages=22–23, 37 |issn=0317-9249 |url=http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2605419}}</ref> Subscribers had to call to request the broadcast of a video document which would be broadcast on one of the eight channels according to the theme (sports, socio-cultural leisure, senior citizens, students, children, etc.). In January 1980, Videotron acquired Cablevision Nationale, which served the east of Montreal, [[Quebec City]] and [[Sherbrooke]], among others. A few months later, the Cablevision Nationale network was upgraded to allow the distribution of thirty channels, while the Inter-vision consortium made up of different cable distributors from the south of the province, set up at the corner of Pie-IX boulevards. and Rosemont in Montreal under the name Cablespec, takes care of the production and broadcasting of eight specialized channels under the responsibility of Jacques Lasnier.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Louise Cousineau |title=Triple aubaine: 30 canaux, tarifs plus élevés et un convertisseur pour 21 jours |newspaper=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]] |volume=96 |number=263 |date=8 November 1980 |page=C20 |issn=0317-9249 |url=http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2297978}}</ref> The eight channels would have been launched on Saturday, October 18, 1980.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Gilles Constantineau |title=Câblevision renaît samedi |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |volume=LXXI |number=236 |date=15 October 1980 |pages=13 and 17 |url=https://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=6DggAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eF4EAAAAIBAJ&hl=fr&pg=2726%2C1415173}}</ref>
The channel, initially called ''Enfants et Jeunesse'' before adopting {{ill|TVJQ|fr}} ("Télévision des Jeunes du Québec") in May 1982, presented children's programs produced in Quebec for the most part as well as European, American and Japanese animation series, as much as possible without violence, seeking to eliminate gender discrimination. It was established and distributed by a subsidiary of Videotron.<ref name="22 juillet 1988">{{cite news|title =Une chaîne pour l 'enfance sans aucune publicité|newspaper = [[Le Nouvelliste (Quebec)|Le Nouvelliste]]|location = Trois-Rivières|page = D11|date = July 22, 1988|url = http://collections.banq.qc.ca/retrieve/10688669}}</ref>
TVJQ was on the air daily from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Since 1979, Videotron subscribers could take turns enjoying a variety of interactive games starting at midnight (via a touchtone telephone), which occupied “channel 26” until the channel returned to the air. The games continued on Canal Famille until shortly after the launch of {{ill|Vidéoway|fr}} in January 1990. In the evenings from January 1983, educational and cultural programs aimed at adults were programmed.
From January 1982 to September 1985, the channel broadcast the show ''Radio-Vidéo'', a block of video clips produced by Pierre Marchand, who in 1986 would become the creator of the [[MusiquePlus]] channel. Meanwhile, in October 1984, another block of music videos produced by [[MuchMusic]] was broadcast, a month after the channel's launch in [[Toronto]]. In March 1986, Videotron obtained a “broadcasting license for the operation, on an experimental basis and for a temporary period, of a cable television network in order to distribute by satellite to affiliated cable television companies in the province of Quebec the service of special French-language programming “Télé des Jeunes”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/fra/archive/1986/DB86-214.htm |title=Décision CRTC 86-214 |website=CRTC |date=13 March 1986}}</ref> This license allows Videotron to have its TVJQ channel carried over by other cable companies elsewhere.<ref name="24 avril 1986">{{cite news|title= TVJQ, en attendant un "vrai" canal jeunesse|newspaper = [[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]|location = Montreal|page = C1|date =April 24, 1984|url = http://collections.banq.qc.ca/retrieve/4802571}}</ref> Videotron thus becomes the first cable company in Canadian history to simultaneously be a producer of television content.<ref name="24 avril 1986"/> CF Cable TV offered Videotron's TVJQ channel from 1987.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Pierre Roberge |title=Cablespec lance la 2ème de son service Télé des Arts |newspaper=[[Le Droit]] |location=Ottawa |volume=75 |number=143 |date=16 September 1987 |page=20 |url=https://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/4488936}}</ref> When MusiquePlus was launched in September 1986, the version received via satellite of TVJQ became MusiquePlus after 8 p.m. with a four-hour live programming block followed overnight 'a rebroadcast or a block recorded during the afternoon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/fra/archive/1986/DB86-215.htm |title=Décision CRTC 86-215 |website=CRTC |date=13 March 1986}}</ref> On the Videotron side, MusiquePlus evening programming took the position of MuchMusic while cultural programs aimed at adults were still broadcast on TVJQ until midnight. Blocks of 30 minutes produced by MusiquePlus were added to TVJQ's programming, replacing those of MuchMusic.
In 1986, the channel's spokesperson was Gargouille, a cartoon character created by Tristan Demers,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.actuabd.com/Tristan-Demers-Je-suis-un |title=Tristan Demers : « Je suis un communicateur de la BD. » |website=ActuaBD |date=15 August 2010}}</ref> who would get his own show.
In 1987, Videotron submitted a request to the CRTC to convert its channel TVJQ to a full-service channel while continuing to target young people.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Bernard Descôteaux |title=Canaux spécialisés : French opte pour le financement forcé |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |location=Montreal |volume=LXXVIII |number=161 |date=16 July 1987 |page=2 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zxkxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=heEFAAAAIBAJ&hl=fr&pg=1123%2C1456106}}</ref> On December 1, 1987, the CRTC approved the license application for Premier Choix: TVEC for Canal Famille, and consequently refused the license renewal application for TVJQ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/fra/archive/1987/DB87-906.htm |title=Décision CRTC 87-906 |website=CRTC |date=1 December 1987}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Paul Cochon |title=Quatre nouveaux canaux pour les téléspectateurs québécois |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |volume=LXXVIII |number=277 |date=1 December 1987 |page=11 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=phgjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Us4FAAAAIBAJ&hl=fr&pg=1600%2C4007128}}</ref> The same day, the license application from [[CHUM Limited]] and Radiomutuel for a dedicated MusiquePlus channel was approved.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/fra/archive/1987/DB87-897.htm |title=Décision CRTC 87-897 |website=CRTC |date=1 December 1987}}</ref> TVJQ remained on the air until the arrival of Canal Famille.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Pierre Roberge |title=La chaîne "Télé des arts" de Vidéotron cesse de diffuser des documentaires |newspaper=[[La Tribune (Sherbrooke)|La Tribune]] |location=Sherbrooke |volume=78 |number=268 |date=8 February 1988 |page=D7 |url=https://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3713011}}</ref> TVJQ ceased operations on August 31, 1988.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Avis public CRTC 1988-14 |newspaper=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]] |location=Montréal |volume=104 |number=108 |date=8 February 1988 |pages=A12 |issn=0317-9249 |url=https://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2258938}}</ref>
====Le Canal Famille====
[[File:Le Canal Famille.png|The 1988–1995 logo of the channel as Le Canal Famille. A newer logo was used from 1995
[[File:VRAKTV1.jpg|The 2001–2007 Vrak.TV logo, featuring the channel's mascot, Bibite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/ca_qc/1160269370|title = LE GROUPE DE RADIODIFFUSION ASTRAL INC. :: Quebec (Canada) :: OpenCorporates}}</ref> The mascot was dropped in 2007, but a simplified variant of this logo was used until 2014.|100px|thumb|left]]
[[File:VrakTV2014logo.png|The 2014 Vrak logo was used until 2016.|100px|thumb|left]]
Licensed by the CRTC in 1987, '''Le Canal Famille''' was launched on September 1, 1988, as a replacement to TVJQ.<ref>{{cite news|title = CRTC Notice|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette/143002565/|newspaper = [[Montreal Gazette]]|location = Montreal|page = A5|date =February 8, 1988}}</ref> Le Canal Famille was created by [[Super Écran|Premier Choix TVEC]] which was already partially owned by [[Astral Media]] through its subsidiary Astral Bellevue Communications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/1984/DB84-32.HTM|title=ARCHIVED - Acquisition of assets - First Choice Canadian Communications Corporation and Télévision de l'Est du Canada (TVEC) Inc.|first=Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)|last=Government of Canada|date=January 24, 1984|website=crtc.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="February 2, 1989">{{cite news|title = Astral Bellevue Pathe Inc., a producer of feature films and videotaped programs, has raised its stake in the company that wholly owns the First Choice pay-TV service|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-astral-bellevue-pathe-i/143003338/|newspaper = [[Toronto Star]]|location = Toronto|page = C7|date =2 February 1989}}</ref>
''Le Canal Famille'', name translated as ''The Family Channel'', which was the name of [[Family Channel (Canadian TV network)|another Canadian youth channel]] that also began airing in September 1988 and itself owned at 50% by Astral Bellevue Communications.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-astral-sees-steady-growth/143003607/|title = ASTRAL BELLEVUE PATHE INC.: Astral sees steady growth as net more than doubles: [Weekly Edition]|newspaper = [[Financial Post]]|location = Toronto|page = 25|date =25 October
At launch, the channel carried a few original shows including ''La Garderie des amis'', ''Hibou Chou Genou'', ''Labo Labo'', as well as ''[[Bibi et Geneviève]]'' when the chain closed at 7:00 p.m. (8:00 p.m Fridays and week-ends) and opened at 7 a.m. ''Mémoire Vive'' joined the lineup in December 1988. There were also some shows previously broadcast on [[Super Écran]] such as ''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]'' and ''[[Bibifoc]]'', dubbed Canadian shows, popular former TVJQ series, some Japanese animated series and co-productions. The channel increased the number of its original productions in the following years.
The popularity of Videoway's interactive menus in the early 1990s prompted Super Écran to offer a second choice of films in the evening using Canal Famille after its closing at 7 p.m. After about twenty minutes of trailers and self-promotion of Super Écran, the channel becomes scrambled for the presentation of a film.
The heyday of Canal Famille was between 1990 and 1996. The channel benefited from a fashion effect and produced several low-budget classics such as ''Fripe et Pouille'', ''Les Zigotos'', ''Sur la rue Tabaga'' and the most popular, ''Télé-Pirate'' which benefits from a weekly reach of 400,000 viewers.<ref name="collections2 4878815">{{Cite news |author=Josée Lapointe |title=Canal Famille bat joyeusement la marche |newspaper=[[Le Soleil (Quebec)|Le Soleil]] |volume=100 |number=271 |date=30 September 1996 |pages=C1 |url=https://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2736084}}</ref>
In 1994, ''Bibi et Geneviève'' moved to [[TQS]]. Canal Famille kept the reruns, but the contest block became exclusive to TQS.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Marie-Andrée Amiot |title=Bibi passe à TQS et les 100 Watts ont un nouvel animateur |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |volume=LXXXV |number=204 |date=3 September 1994 |pages=D4 |url=http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2770256}}</ref>
During the 1995-1996 season, Canal Famille changed its logo, attracted more young people on the air and suddenly targeted adolescents aged 12 to 17.<ref>{{Cite web |language=en |wayback=20200126121728 |url=http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/hrcorpreports/pdfs/6/630203.pdf |title=Les Réseaux Premier Choix - Annual Report 1996 |website=McGill Library }}</ref> The channel aired Radio Enfer, the first Québecois sitcom for young people, and Le Studio, a rather avant-garde absurd sketch series directed by Bruno Blanchet. This momentum continued the following year with the addition of Goosebumps and Generation W.<ref name="collections2 4878815"/>
Shortly after the launch of Canal D (also owned by Premier Choix) in 1995, which offered some classic television series, Canal Famille similarly saw the addition of series to its programming such as ''[[Bewitched]]'' in the fall of 1995, ''[[Gilligan's Island]]'' in 1996, ''[[The Flying Nun]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Family Affair]]'' in 1998.
In September 1997, the [[Télétoon]] channel (of which Premier Choix is 50% owner) was launched, offering 24-hour programming focused on cartoons for several age groups. Canal Famille lost around half of its market share, reduced its number of original productions and filled its programming with series produced by [[Nickelodeon]].
To counterattack Télétoon, Canal Famille broke from its "childcare" image and took a slightly more delinquent tangent. It now offered more audatious concepts like ''Turbulence Zone'' or ''[[Dans une galaxie près de chez vous]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Paul Cauchon |title=Canal Famille en orbitre |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |volume=XC |number=15 |date=27 January 1999 |pages=B8 |url=http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2806631}}</ref>
In the fall of 2000, Canal Famille offered ''[[Watership Down (1999 TV series)|Watership Down]]'' as the only new feature. As its programming was no longer renewed, children who grew up with the channel began to call it “Canal Reprise” due to the amount of reruns. Canal Famille's market shares among children aged 2 to 11 fell to 8.6% while they were around 25% before 1997.
To deal with the situation, Canal Famille decided to renew its image and 75% of its programming. On December 5, 2000, Astral announced that Canal Famille would change its name to Vrak.tv as of January 2, 2001, would offer 75% renewed programming overnight (50% new features, 25% new episodes) and would henceforth be in operation from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m.<ref>{{Cite web|wayback=20160625083758 |url=http://www.infopresse.com/archive/index/2180 |title=Vrak.tv remplace Canal Famille |website=Infopresse |date=5 December 2000}}</ref> (instead of 7 p.m.), allowing the channel to offer more mature series for teenagers.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Louise Cousineau |title=Canal Famille est mort, vive le "Méchant Canal" ! |newspaper=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]] |volume=117 |number=48 |date=6 December 2000 |page=C2 |issn=0317-9249 |url=https://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2191285}}</ref>
The desire to create Vrak.TV from the ashes of Canal Famille would be a success. Audience ratings tripled in six months.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Odile Tremblay |title=Le marché jeunesse une offensive bien planifiée |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |volume=XCI} |number=274 |date=1 December 2001 |pages=C4 et C5 |url=https://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2799796}}</ref>
===VRAK===
Canal Famille was replaced by VRAK.TV on January 2, 2001, keeping the same channel frequency and still owned by Astral Media.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infopresse.com/archive/index/2180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625083758/http://www.infopresse.com/archive/index/2180 |archive-date=June 25, 2016 |title=Vrak.tv remplace Canal Famille - Infopresse}}</ref> The channel switched to an ad-supported format in 2006 to coincide with the renewal of license
Vrak.TV was separated from its sister channels in 2013 due to the acquisition of Astral Media by [[Bell Media]]; Bell sold off [[Family Channel (Canadian TV network)|Family Channel]], the [[Télémagino|French version of Disney Junior]], the [[Family Jr.|English version of Disney Junior]] and [[WildBrainTV|Disney XD]] to [[WildBrain|DHX Media]], and [[Max (Canadian TV channel)|MusiMax]] and [[Elle Fictions|MusiquePlus]] to [[Remstar Media Group|V Media Group]].
Vrak.TV was simply renamed to just Vrak on August 25, 2014 and launched a new block, Vrak2, aimed at a teen audience.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellmediapr.ca/Network/VRAK-TV/Press/cet-automne-vrak-passe-aux-electrochocs-|title=VRAK - Details|work=bellmediapr.ca}}</ref>
On September 12, 2016, Vrak changed its audience focus to the ages 13–35 group due to the success of its ''Vrak2'' block.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/09/10/vrak-2016_n_11958488.html|title=Changement d'orientation : la direction de VRAK explique ses choix (In French)|website=[[HuffPost|Huffington Post Quebec]]|date=September 10, 2016}}</ref> Some series targeting its former audience focus moved to other stations.
=== Removal from Videotron, closure ===
On August 16, 2023, Vrak and [[Z (TV channel)|Z]] were removed from Vidéotron, the company that created the original channel it was based on 41 years earlier. Two days later on August 18, 2023, Bell Media announced that the channel would be closing on October 1, 2023, owing to "challenges" in the broadcasting sector, lack of viewers and regulatory affairs deemed "outdated" by Bell Media.<ref name="cbcnews"/> On September 25, the CRTC confirmed it had revoked Vrak's licence at the request of Bell Media.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2023/2023-324.htm|title=Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2023-324|author=Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission|date=September 25, 2023|access-date=September 25, 2023}}</ref>▼
On August 16, 2023, Vrak and [[Z (TV channel)|Z]] were removed from Vidéotron, the company that created the original channel it was based on 41 years earlier, whilst Bell removed [[Yoopa]] from all of their TV services a day later. Yoopa is now scheduled to shut down on January 11, 2024, and will be replaced with a TV broadcast version of its [[Groupe TVA|parent company]]'s QUB Radio channel.
▲
==Programming==
Since its creation, the channel had aired animated series, [[teen sitcom]]s and light-hearted dramas. Many of them are French dubs of English-language programs such as ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[Charmed]]'', ''[[What I Like About You (TV series)|What I Like About You]]'', ''[[Degrassi (TV series)|Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Gilmore Girls]]'', ''[[One Tree Hill (TV series)|One Tree Hill]]'', ''[[The O.C.]]'', ''[[Life with Derek]]'', ''[[Smallville (TV series)|Smallville]]'', ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', ''[[That '70s Show]]'', ''[[90210 (TV series)|90210]]'', ''[[Gossip Girl (TV series)|Gossip Girl]]'', and many others. It also aired programs from [[Disney Channel]]; due to the launch of [[La Chaîne Disney]] by [[Corus Entertainment]], the last remaining Disney Channel show on the channel, ''[[Good Luck Charlie
Initially, as required by the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] (CRTC), the channel carried no commercials until 2006.<ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/1987/DB87-896.HTM Decision: Premier Choix: TVEC Inc. "Canal Famille" — 871204400], [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]], December 1, 1987</ref> However, it aired promotional messages, [[interstitial program]]s (such as help segments known as ''R-Force'' (pronounced like "Air Force")), and [[public service announcement]]s instead. The channel aired commercials from 2006-2023 with the launch of its HD feed and license renewal. Its former English-language counterpart (Family Channel) continued to be commercial-free until November 2016.
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Unlike the other specialty channels, Vrak was the only channel on the air daily from 6am to midnight. When the station was Le Canal Famille, the station would close down at 7pm (8pm on weekends), sharing time with the flagship [[Super Écran]] channel (then also owned by Astral and now sharing Bell Media ownership with Vrak). In 2001, when the channel was revamped as VRAK.TV, its hours were increased to 10 p.m. (Super Écran followed on most systems). Vrak's closedown time at midnight went into effect in mid-2005.
On September 12, 2016, due to the channel's changes in audience focus, its animation programming completely disappeared from the channel, eventually, they reappeared on the channel in January 2017, starting with ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants|Bob l'éponge]]''.
==International distribution==
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==See also==
*[[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV
*[[Family Channel (Canadian TV network)|Family Channel
==References==
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{{Children's television in Canada}}
[[Category:Children's television networks in Canada]]
[[Category:Defunct cable television
[[Category:French-language television networks in Canada]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2001]]
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