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{{short description|Egyptian activist (born 1949)}}
{{
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix= Sheikh Dr.
| name = Ahmed Subhy Mansour
| image = Ahmed Subhi Mansour.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|03|01|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = Abu Harair, [[Kafr Saqr]], [[Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]], [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]
| death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|mf=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| death_place =
| body_discovered =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| nationality = Egyptian
| citizenship =
| known_for = Islamic advocate for democracy and [[human rights]].
| education = B.A (highest honors; 1973), M.A. (honors; 1975), Ph.D (highest honors; 1980)
| alma_mater = [[Al-Azhar University]]
| employer =
| notable works =
| occupation = Islamic scholar and cleric
| years_active =
| height =
| title = Sheikh Dr.
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| opponents =
| boards = International Quranic Center; [[Americans for Peace and Tolerance]]; Free Muslims Coalition
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relations =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ahmed Subhy Mansour''' ({{lang-ar|أحمد صبحي منصور}}; born March 1, 1949) is an [[Egyptian Americans|Egyptian American]] [[activist]]
==Biography==
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From 1973 till 1980 he was an assistant teacher and lecturer, and between 1980 and 1987 he was an assistant professor, both of Muslim history at the College of Arabic Language of the Al Azhar University.<ref name="ahl-alquran1"/>
In May 1985, Mansour was discharged from his teaching and research position in Egypt due to his liberal views, which were not acceptable to the religious authorities who controlled much of university policies and programs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/userpage.php?page_id=2 |title=Ahmed Mansour's Profile |publisher=Ahl-alquran.com |date= |accessdate=March 23, 2010 |archive-date=April 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407013252/http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/userpage.php?page_id=2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Khaled Dawoud |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/538/eg7.htm |title=Al-Ahram Weekly | Egypt | Mobilising for Saadawi |publisher=Weekly.ahram.org.eg |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912045146/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/538/eg7.htm |archivedate=September 12, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/851/eg8.htm |title=Al-Ahram Weekly | Egypt | Newsreel |publisher=Weekly.ahram.org.eg |date=July 4, 2007 |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912011613/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/851/eg8.htm |archivedate=September 12, 2009 }}</ref> Because of his unconventional scholarship, Al-Azhar University accused him of being an enemy of Islam. He was tried in its [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|canonical]] court, and expelled March 17, 1987. In 1987, beginning with his arrest on November 17, and in 1988 he was imprisoned by the Egyptian government for his views, including his advocacy of religious harmony and tolerance between Egyptian Muslims, Christian [[Copt]]s, and Jews.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVLaAAAAMAAJ&q=Ahmed+Subhy+Mansour |title=Muslim feminism and feminist movement – Google Books |date=July 24, 2009 |isbn=9788187746447 |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |last1=Samiuddin |first1=Abida |last2=Khanam |first2=Rashida |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320192302/https://books.google.com/books?id=IVLaAAAAMAAJ&q=Ahmed+Subhy+Mansour |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d7QVAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Ahmed+Subhi+Mansour%22 |title=''The state of academic freedom in Africa'', 1995, Nana K. A. Busia, Degni-Segui Rene, Codesria, 1996
Between 1991 and 1992, he worked with [[Farag Foda]] to establish a new political party in Egypt, Mostakbal ("The Future Party"), dedicated to a secular democratic state, and to defend the [[Copt|Christian Egyptians]]. Foda was assassinated in June 1992.<ref name="ahl-alquran1"/>
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The next year, he received a visiting fellowship at [[Harvard Law School]]'s Human Rights Program.<ref name="ahl-alquran1"/>
In October 2004, he said that the leaders of the Muslim organization behind a new $22 million mosque in [[Roxbury, Boston|Roxbury]] tolerated "hateful views", and harbored extremists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/708270511.html?dids=708270511:708270511&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+06%2C+2004&author=TOM+MASHBERG&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Double+slam+for+Islam%3B+Hub+mosque%2C+Muslim+radicals+under+fire&pqatl=google |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713184704/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/708270511.html?dids=708270511:708270511&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+06,+2004&author=TOM+MASHBERG&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Double+slam+for+Islam;+Hub+mosque,+Muslim+radicals+under+fire&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |title=Double slam for Islam; Hub mosque, Muslim radicals under fire |date=October 6, 2004 |accessdate=February 6, 2010}}</ref> In 2004 [[Daniel Pipes]] lauded him for speaking out against [[Islamism|Islamist]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nysun.com/foreign/identifying-moderate-muslims/5248/ |title=Identifying Moderate Muslims – November 23, 2004 – The New York Sun |publisher=Nysun.com |date=November 23, 2004 |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604223734/http://www.nysun.com/foreign/identifying-moderate-muslims/5248/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U_AyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6904,6061756&dq=free-muslim-coalition+mansour&hl=en|title=The Free Lance-Star – Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-date=2022-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320192303/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U_AyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6904%2C6061756&dq=free-muslim-coalition+mansour&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2007, ''[[The Washington Times]]'' reported that his teachings have earned him dozens of death ''"fatwās"'' from fellow Muslim clerics,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-169138045 |title=Anti-al Qaeda base envisioned; Exiled Egyptian cleric seeking to reclaim Islam in 'war of ideas'.(WORLD)(BRIEFING: MIDDLE EAST) – The Washington Times |publisher= |date=September 26, 2007 |accessdate=}}{{dead link|date=July 2021}}</ref> the punishment of [[Apostasy in Islam|Apostasy]] in sunni sectarian Islam.
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;Americans for Peace and Tolerance
He is a co-founder and board member of [[Americans for Peace and Tolerance]], along with political activist [[Charles Jacobs (political activist)|Charles Jacobs]] and [[Boston College]] political science professor [[Dennis Hale (political scientist)|Dennis Hale]] (an [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] layman).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/06/28/at_mosque_opening_tensions_permeate_interfaith_gathering/?page=2 |title=At mosque opening, tensions permeate interfaith gathering – The Boston Globe |publisher=Boston.com |date=June 28, 2009 |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |first=Michael |last=Paulson |archive-date=July 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703085546/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/06/28/at_mosque_opening_tensions_permeate_interfaith_gathering/?page=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> It states its purpose to "promote peaceful coexistence in an ethnically diverse America by educating the American public about the need for a moderate political leadership that supports tolerance and core American values in communities across the nation."<ref name=" Ame" >{{cite news |url=http://www.peaceandtolerance.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=1&Itemid=14 |title=Mission and About Us |work=Americans for Peace and Tolerance |date=November 20, 2008 |accessdate=February 2, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320161151/https://www.peaceandtolerance.org/?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=1&Itemid=14 |url-status=live }}</ref> The group is a primary critic of the $15.6 million mosque in [[Roxbury Crossings]], which the group asserts is led by extremist leaders and contributors.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/06/26/muslim_community_to_celebrate_mosque8217s_ceremonial_opening/ |title=Muslim community to celebrate mosque's ceremonial opening – The Boston Globe |publisher=Boston.com |date=June 26, 2009 |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |first=Michael |last=Paulson |archive-date=June 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629183250/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/06/26/muslim_community_to_celebrate_mosque8217s_ceremonial_opening/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{
;Free Muslims Coalition
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===Arrests in Egypt===
In May and June 2007, Egyptian authorities arrested five leaders of the movement, including Mansour's brother, on charges of "insulting Islam", and began investigations of 15 others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/852/eg12.htm |title=Al-Ahram Weekly | Egypt | Matters of faith |publisher=Weekly.ahram.org.eg |date=July 11, 2007 |accessdate=February 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910220251/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/852/eg12.htm |archivedate=September 10, 2009 }}</ref> Following the arrests, Mansour's homes in Cairo and Sharqia were searched by the State Security.<ref>[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/852/eg12.html ]{{dead link|date=February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite
Paul Marshall analyzed the arrests in the ''[[The Weekly Standard|Weekly Standard]]'' as follows:
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;Books in Arabic
# ''Al Sayed Al Badway: Fact versus Superstition''. Cairo, 1982.
# ''Using Religious Texts to Inform Muslim History''. Cairo, 1984.
# ''The Personality of Egypt after the Muslim Invasion''. Cairo, 1984.
# ''The History of the Historic Sources of Arabic and Muslim Fields''. Cairo, 1984.
# ''The Fundamental Rules of Historical Research''. Cairo, 1984.
# ''The Invasions of the Moguls and the Crusaders in Muslim History''. Cairo, 1985.
# ''A History of the Cultural Development of Muslims''. Cairo, 1985.
# ''The Muslim World between the Early Stage and the Abbasy [[Caliphate]]''. Cairo, 1985.
# ''The Prophets in the Holy Quran''. Cairo, 1985.
# ''The Sinner Muslim: Common Mythology Regarding the Sinner Muslim''. Cairo, 1987.
# ''Egypt in the Holy Quran''. ''[[Al Akhbar (Egypt)|Al Akhbar]]'' newspaper, Cairo, 1990.
# ''The Quran: the Only Source of Islam and Islamic Jurisprudence'' (published under the title ''The Quran: Why?'' using the pseudonym Abdullah Al Khalifah) Cairo, 1990.
# ''Death in the Quran''. Dar Al Shark Al Awsat, Cairo, 1990.
# ''The Penalty of Apostasy''. Tiba Publishing, Cairo, 1992; Al Mahrousah, 1994; Al Mothakkafoun Al Arab (The Arab Intellectuals Publishing Company), 2000; English translation, The International Publishing and Distributing Company, Toronto, Canada, 1998.
# ''Freedom of Speech: Islam and Muslims''. The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights, Cairo, 1994.
# ''The Al Hisbah between the Quran and Muslims''. Al Mahrousah, Cairo, 1995; ''Al Kahera'' magazine, Cairo, 1996.
# ''The Torture of the Grave''. Tibia, Cairo, 1996; Al Mothakkafoun Al Arab, Cairo, 2000.
# ''[[Naskh (exegesis)|Naskh]] in the Quran Means Writing Not Abrogating''. ''Al Tanweer'' magazine, Cairo?? 1997; Al Mahrousah, Cairo, 1998; Al Mothakkafoun Al Arab, Cairo, 2000.
# ''The Introduction (mokademat) of [[Ibn Khaldoun]]: A Fundamental Historical and Analytical Study''. The Ibn Khaldoun Center, Cairo, 1999.
# ''Suggestions to Revise Muslim Religion Courses in Egyptian Education to Make Egyptians More Tolerant''. Ibn Khaldoun Center, Cairo, 1999.
# ''Religious Thought in Egypt in the [[Mamluk]]e Era: Islam versus Muslim [[Sufism]]''. Ministry of Culture, Cairo, 2000.<ref name="freemuslims1"/>
# ''[http://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Al-Aqaid_Al-Diniyah_Fi_Misr_Al-Mamlukiyah_Bayna_Al-Islam_Wa-Al-Tasawwuf/9770169919/ Al-Aqaid Al-Diniyah Fi Misr Al-Mamlukiyah Bayna Al-Islam Wa-Al-Tasawwuf]'', by Ahmad Subhi Mansur, {{ISBN|977-01-6991-9}}, al-Hayah al-Misriyah al-Ammah lil-Kitab
# ''[http://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Al-Tasawwuf_Wa-Al-hayah_Al-Diniyah_Fi_Misr_Al-Mamlukiyah,_648-921_H-1250-1517_M/9773130576/ Al-Tasawwuf Wa-Al-hayah Al-Diniyah Fi Misr Al-Mamlukiyah]'', by Ahmad Subhi Mansur, {{ISBN|977-313-057-6}}, Markaz al-Mahrusah lil-Buhuth wa-al-Tadrib wa-Nashr
# ''[http://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Misr_Fi_Al-Quran_Al-Karim/9771243551/ Misr Fi Al-Quran Al-Karim]'', by Ahmad Subhi Mansur, {{ISBN|977-12-4355-1}}, Muassasat Akhbar al-Yawm
===Select articles===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090913084552/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/399/op5.htm "Mediaeval theocracies in a modern age"], by Ahmed Sobhi Mansour, ''[[Al-Ahram]]'', October 15–21, 1998
* [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=4145 "The Roots of Democracy in Islam"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220162100/http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=4145 |date=2012-02-20 }}, [[National Endowment for Democracy]], December 16, 2002
* [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=4262 "The False Alarm of Evangelism"], April 28, 2005
* [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=2288 "The Suicide Bomber"], FrontPage Magazine, August 3, 2—5
* [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=5892 "They ask you about the veil"], November 21, 2006
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/23/opinion/23iht-edmansour.1.19632638.html "A Shackled Reformation; Egypt persecutes Muslim moderates"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 3, 2009
===Select testimony===
* [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=634 Testimony to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220162134/http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=634 |date=2012-02-20 }}, Washington, D.C., October 25, 2005
==See also==
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==Sources==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100620143543/http://free-minds.org/Mansour Free-Minds bio]
* [http://www.washingtontimes.com/article/20070926/FOREIGN/109260030/1003 ''Washington Times'' Article]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=sIoeuqX0p3oC
==External links==
* [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/ International Quranic Center website]
* [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/arabic/index.php Arabic Ahl Quran website]
{{Authority control}}
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