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The '''grey parrot''' ('''''Psittacus erithacus'''''), also known as the '''Congo grey parrot''', '''Congo African grey parrot''' or '''African grey parrot''', is an [[Psittacinae|Old World
==Taxonomy==
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}}</ref> They were found in only 10 of 42 forested areas, and three roosts that once held 700–1200 birds each, now had only 18 in total. Local people mainly blamed the pet trade and the felling of timber for the decline.<ref name=ns>{{cite journal| title= Future is black for grey parrots| journal= [[New Scientist]] |date=28 November 2015| volume=228|issue=3049|page=9| doi=10.1016/s0262-4079(15)31685-7}}</ref> Populations are thought to be stable in Cameroon. In the Congo, an estimated 15,000 are taken every year for the pet trade, from the eastern part of the country, although the annual quota is stated to be 5,000.<ref name= ns/>
==Behaviour and ecology in the wild==
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The species is common in captivity and regularly kept by humans as a [[companion parrot]], prized for its ability to [[Talking bird|mimic human speech]], which makes it one of the most popular avian pets.<ref name="iucn" /> An escaped pet in [[Japan]] was returned to his owner after repeating the owner's name and address.<ref>{{cite news|title=Stray Japan parrot talks way home|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7414846.stm|website=BBC.co.uk|date=22 May 2008 |publisher=BBC|access-date=5 January 2018}}</ref>
Grey parrots are notorious for mimicking noises heard in their environment and using them tirelessly. They are highly intelligent birds, needing extensive behavioral and social enrichment as well as extensive attention in captivity or else they may become distressed. Feather plucking is a common symptom seen among such distressed grey parrots,<ref name="Lafeber Company-2016" /> affecting up to 40% of captive individuals.<ref name="meller">{{cite journal |last1=Mellor |first1=Emma L. |last2=McDonald Kinkaid |first2=Heather K. |last3=Mendl |first3=Michael T. |last4=Cuthill |first4=Innes C. |last5=van Zeeland |first5=Yvonne R. A. |last6=Mason |first6=Georgia J. |title=Nature calls: intelligence and natural foraging style predict poor welfare in captive parrots |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |date=6 October 2021 |volume=288 |issue=1960 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2021.1952 |pmid=34610768 |pmc=8493207 }}</ref> They may also be prone to [[Abnormal behaviour of birds in captivity|behavioural problems]] due to their sensitive nature.<ref name="wpt2">{{cite web |title=Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) – Care In Captivity |url=http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/captivestatus/grey_parrot/ |
The grey parrot is a highly social species which relies on a flock-type structure, even when raised in captivity. Because they are so dependent on the other birds within their flock, much of their speech and vocal ability is acquired through interaction with the humans with whom they reside.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Allison B.|last1=Kaufman|first2=Erin N.|last2=Colbert-White|first3=Curt|last3=Burgess|title= Higher-order semantic structures in an African Grey parrot's vocalizations: evidence from the hyperspace analog to language (HAL) model| journal= Animal Cognition|date=2013| volume=16|issue=1|pages=789–801| doi=10.1007/s10071-013-0613-3|pmid=23417559|s2cid=11359605}}</ref> Both wild and captive parrots have been shown to use contact calls, which allow them to interact with their flock mates and communicate information about their location, detection of predators, availability of food, and safety status. In addition, contact calls are used to form strong social bonds with their flock mates, or in the case of captive greys, with their human housemates. In captivity, they have been shown to display [[communicative competence]], meaning they not only use human language correctly, but also in such a way that is appropriate for the social situation which they are in.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Colbert-White|first1=Erin|last2=Hall|first2=Hannah|last3=Fragazsy|first3=Dorothy|date=2016|title=Variations in an African Grey parrot's speech patterns following ignored and denied requests|journal=Animal Cognition|language=en|volume=19|issue=3|pages=459–469|doi=10.1007/s10071-015-0946-1|pmid=26700613|s2cid=2201504}}</ref>
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===Disease===
Grey parrots in captivity have been observed to be susceptible to fungal infections, bacterial infections, nutritional insufficiency, malignant tumors, psittacine beak and feather disease, tapeworms, and blood-worms.<ref name="Lafeber Company-2016" /> Young grey parrots are more commonly infected by [[psittacine beak and feather disease]] than adults. Infected birds show symptoms such as loss of appetite, fluffy feathers, sluggishness, and reduced walking abilities due to brittle bones.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus (PBFD)|url=https://www.northernparrots.com/psittacine-beak-and-feather-disease-virus-(pbfd)-blog473/|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Northern Parrots|language=EN|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809082233/https://www.northernparrots.com/psittacine-beak-and-feather-disease-virus-(pbfd)-blog473/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Grey parrots are more likely to have [[rhinitis]],{{clarify|reason=more likely than other birds? more likely than other infecitons?|date=October 2023}} an inflammatory and infectious disease of the nasal cavity. Birds may exhibit signs such as wheezing, sneezing, nasal snuffling, and swelling or occlusion of the nares. Treatment options include gentle [[debridement]] and nasal irrigation.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Diseases of the upper respiratory tract of companion birds|journal=Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine|date=1997 |volume=6|issue=4|pages=195–200|doi=10.1016/s1055-937x(97)80005-9 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s1055-937x(97)80005-9 |last1=Morrisey |first1=James K. }}</ref>
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| date = 12 January 2020
| access-date = 22 February 2020
}}</ref> When the roles were reversed, their partners were overwhelmingly likely to return the favor,
A 2012 study demonstrated that captive grey parrots have individual musical preferences. When presented with the opportunity to choose between two different pieces of music via a touch screen monitor located in their cage, the two birds in the test consistently chose different songs, to which they then danced and sang along.<ref name="copping">{{cite web |last1=Copping |first1=Jasper |title=Parrots Are Picky When It Comes To Music |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/parrots-have-specific-music-tastes-2012-12?r=US&IR=T#:~:text=Flickr%20Parrots%20have%20musical%20tastes,intense%20dislike%20of%20dance%20tunes. |website=Business Insider |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref> Some pet grey parrots have also been observed using the music feature of [[smart speaker]]s (such as Google Nest or Amazon Echo) to verbally request playback of specific favored songs.<ref name="lafeber">{{cite web |last1=Rowe |first1=Matt |title=Devices Like Amazon Echo Give Parrots Music On Demand |url=https://lafeber.com/pet-birds/devices-like-amazon-echo-give-parrots-music-on-demand/ |website=Lafeber Company |date=29 May 2019 |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref>
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