Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan relations: Difference between revisions

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Line 1: {{Infobox ~~Bilateral~~bilateral relations\|~~Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan~~Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan\|Kyrgyzstan\|Tajikistan}} '''Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan relations''' refers to the bilateral diplomatic relations between ~~the~~[[Kyrgyzstan]] ~~Republic of~~and [[Tajikistan]]. ~~and~~Both countries were a part of the ~~Kyrgyz~~Soviet ~~Republic~~Union. Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan relations have been tense in recent years ~~been tense~~.<ref name=cs>Martha Brill Olcott. "Central Asian Neighbors". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/kgtoc.html ''Kyrgyzstan: a country study''] (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (March 1996). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''</ref> ~~Refugees~~The ~~and~~two ~~antigovernment~~countries ~~fighters~~fought in ~~Tajikistan have crossed into Kyrgyzstan several times, even taking hostages.<ref name=cs/> Kyrgyzstan attempted to~~border ~~assist~~clashes in ~~brokering an agreement between contesting Tajikistani forces in October 1992 but without success.<ref name=cs/>~~ [[~~Askar~~2021 ~~Akayev]]~~Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan ~~later joined presidents [[Islam Karimov~~clashes\|2021]] and [[~~Nursultan~~2022 ~~Nazarbayev~~Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes\|2022]]. inRefugees ~~sending~~and aantigovernment ~~joint~~fighters ~~intervention force to support~~in Tajikistan's ~~president~~have ~~[[Emomalii~~crossed ~~Rahmon]] against insurgents, but the [[Politics of~~into Kyrgyzstan~~\|Kyrgyzstani parliament]] delayed the mission of its small contingent for~~ several ~~months~~times, ~~until~~even ~~late~~taking ~~spring 1993~~hostages.<ref ~~In mid-1995 Kyrgyzstani forces had the responsibility of sealing a small portion of the Tajikistan border near [[Panj]] from Tajikistani rebel forces.~~name=cs/> == Country comparison == The greater risk to Kyrgyzstan from Tajikistan is the general destabilization that the protracted civil war has brought to the region. In particular, the [[Khorugh-Osh road]], the so-called "highway above the clouds," has become a major conduit of [[contraband]] of all sorts, including weapons and drugs. A meeting of the heads of the state security agencies of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, [[Kazakhstan]], and [[Uzbekistan]], held in [[Osh]] in the spring of 1995, also drew the conclusion that ethnic, social, and economic conditions in Osh were increasingly similar to those in Tajikistan in the late 1980s, thus recognizing the contagion of Tajikistan's instability. {\| class="wikitable" \|+ !Common name !Kyrgyzstan !Tajikistan \|- !Official name !Kyrgyz Republic !Republic of Tajikistan \|- \|Emblem \|[[File:Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg\|center\|130x130px]] \|[[File:Emblem of Tajikistan.svg\|center\|130x130px]] \|- \|Flag \|[[File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg\|center\|130x130px]] \|[[File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg\|center\|130x130px]] \|- \|Capital \|[[Bishkek]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|- \|Largest city \|[[Bishkek]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|- \|Government \|Unitary [[presidential republic]] \|Unitary [[semi-presidential republic]] under an [[Authoritarianism\|authoritarian]] dictatorship \|- \|Population \|7,161,900 \|10,277,100 \|- \|First leader \|[[Askar Akayev\|Askak Akayev]] \|[[Qahhor Mahkamov\|Quahhor Mahkamov]] \|- \|Current Leader \|[[Sadyr Japarov]] \|[[Emomali Rahmon]] \|- \|Religion \|[[Islam in Kyrgyzstan\|Islam]] \|[[Islam in Tajikistan\|Islam]] \|- \|Official script \|[[Cyrillic script\|Cyrillic]] \|[[Cyrillic script\|Cyrillic]] \|- \|Official languages \|[[Kyrgyz language\|Kyrgyz]] and [[Russian language\|Russian]] \|[[Tajik language\|Tajik]] \|} == History == ~~== Conflicts with Uzbekistan ==~~ Kyrgyzstan attempted to assist in brokering an agreement between contesting Tajik forces in October 1992 but without success.<ref name="cs" /> [[Askar Akayev]] later joined presidents [[Islam Karimov]] and [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] in sending a joint intervention force to support Tajikistan's president [[Emomali Rahmon]] against insurgents, but the [[Politics of Kyrgyzstan\|Kyrgyzstani parliament]] delayed the mission of its small contingent for several months until late spring 1993. In mid-1995, Kyrgyzstani forces had the responsibility of sealing a small portion of the Tajikistan border near [[Panj]] from Tajik rebel forces. Due to having conflicts with neighbor Uzbekistan, both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan raise supports for each others. During the [[2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes]] between Uzbeks and Kyrgyzs, Tajikistan demanded Uzbek minority "to show respects on Kyrgyz laws". The greater risk to Kyrgyzstan from Tajikistan is the general destabilization that the protracted civil war has brought to the region. In particular, the Khorog-Osh road, the so-called "highway above the clouds", has become a major conduit of [[contraband]] of all sorts, including weapons and drugs. A meeting of the heads of the state security agencies of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, [[Kazakhstan]], and [[Uzbekistan]], held in [[Osh]] in the spring of 1995, also drew the conclusion that ethnic, social, and economic conditions in Osh were increasingly similar to those in Tajikistan in the late 1980s, thus recognizing the contagion of Tajikistan's instability. ~~== State Visits ==~~ Beginning on April 28, 2021, a [[2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes\|border clash]] between the two countries broke out, resulting in the death of more than 40 people and displacing 30,000 on the Kyrgyz side.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Border Clash Between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Risks Spinning Out of Control \|url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/05/border-clash-between-kyrgyzstan-and-tajikistan-risks-spinning-out-control \|access-date=2022-09-17 \|website=United States Institute of Peace \|language=en}}</ref> [[2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes\|Border clashes]] erupted again in September 14, 2022, causing at least 94 deaths.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan border clashes claim nearly 100 lives \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62950787 \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|publisher=BBC \|date=19 September 2022}}</ref> ~~=== Presidential visits from Tajikistan to Kyrgyzstan ===~~ * [[Emomali Rahmon]] (January 1993) * Emomali Rahmon (May 1998) * Emomali Rahmon (September 2007)<ref>https://jamestown.org/program/tajikistan-and-kyrgyzstan-agree-to-deepen-security-cooperation/</ref> * Emomali Rahmon (May 2013)<ref>http://m.president.kg/ru/news/2109_sostoyalas_tseremoniya_ofitsialnoy_vstrechi_prezidenta_kyirgyizskoy_respubliki_almazbeka_atambaeva_i_prezidenta_respubliki_tadjikistan_emomali_rahmona/</ref> === Presidential visits ~~from Kyrgyzstan to Tajikistan =~~== {\| class="wikitable" border="1" ~~[[File:Жээнбеков и Рахмон.jpg\|thumb\|Sooronbay Jeenbekov in Tajikistan in 2018.]]~~ !Guest * [[Askar Akayev\|Askar Akaev]] (July 1996) !Host * Askar Akaev (May 2004) !Place of visit * [[Kurmanbek Bakiyev]] (May 2008) !Date of visit * [[Roza Otunbayeva]] (November 2010)<ref>http://mfa.tj/?l=en&cat=90&art=157</ref> \|- * [[Sooronbay Jeenbekov]] (February 2018)<ref>http://m.president.kg/ru/novosti/11373_prezident_sooronbay_jeenbekov_pribyil_s_ofitsialnyim_vizitom_v_tadjikistan/</ref> \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Askar Akayev]] \|[[Bishkek]] \|January 1993 \|- \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Askar Akayev]] \|[[Bishkek]] \|May 1998 \|- \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Kurmanbek Bakiyev]] \|[[Bishkek]] \|September 2007<ref>{{Cite web \|title=TAJIKISTAN AND KYRGYZSTAN AGREE TO DEEPEN SECURITY COOPERATION \|url=https://jamestown.org/program/tajikistan-and-kyrgyzstan-agree-to-deepen-security-cooperation/ \|website=Jamestown}}</ref> \|- \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Almazbek Atambayev]] \|[[Bishkek]] \|May 2013<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Официальный сайт Президента Кыргызской Республики \|url=http://m.president.kg/ru/news/2109_sostoyalas_tseremoniya_ofitsialnoy_vstrechi_prezidenta_kyirgyizskoy_respubliki_almazbeka_atambaeva_i_prezidenta_respubliki_tadjikistan_emomali_rahmona/ \|access-date=2018-02-02 \|archive-date=2018-02-03 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064533/http://m.president.kg/ru/news/2109_sostoyalas_tseremoniya_ofitsialnoy_vstrechi_prezidenta_kyirgyizskoy_respubliki_almazbeka_atambaeva_i_prezidenta_respubliki_tadjikistan_emomali_rahmona/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref> \|- \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Askar Akayev]] \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|July 1996 \|- \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Askar Akayev]] \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|May 2004 \|- \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Kurmanbek Bakiyev]] \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|May 2008 \|- \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Roza Otunbayeva]] \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|November 2010<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Вазорати корҳои хориҷии Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон \|url=http://mfa.tj/?l=en&cat=90&art=157 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003024/http://mfa.tj/?l=en&cat=90&art=157 \|archive-date=February 20, 2019}}</ref> \|- \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Sooronbay Jeenbekov]] \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|February 2018<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Официальный сайт Президента Кыргызской Республики \|url=http://m.president.kg/ru/novosti/11373_prezident_sooronbay_jeenbekov_pribyil_s_ofitsialnyim_vizitom_v_tadjikistan/ \|access-date=2018-02-02 \|archive-date=2018-02-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201193415/http://m.president.kg/ru/novosti/11373_prezident_sooronbay_jeenbekov_pribyil_s_ofitsialnyim_vizitom_v_tadjikistan/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref> \|- \|{{Flagicon\|Kyrgyzstan}} President [[Sadyr Japarov]] \|{{flagicon\|Tajikistan}} President [[Emomali Rahmon]] \|[[Dushanbe]] \|June 2021<ref>{{Cite web \|title=События - Официальный сайт Президента Кыргызской Республики \|url=http://president.kg/ru/sobytiya/19950_zavershilsya_oficialniy_vizit_prezidenta_sadira_ghaparova_v_tadghikistan}}</ref> \|} == See also == {{Portal\|Tajikistan\|Politics}} * [[Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan border]] * [[Foreign relations of Kyrgyzstan]] * [[Foreign relations of Tajikistan]]