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Palatine German dialects: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|West Franconian dialect of German}}
{{Expand German|topic=cult|Pfälzische Dialekte|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Palatine German
| nativename = Pälzisch
| ethnicity = [[Palatines|Palatine]]
| states = [[Germany]] ([[Palatinate (region)|Southwest Palatinate]],; [[PalatinatePennsylvania (region)|RheinpfalzDutch Country]])
| speakers = 400,000
| date = no date
| ref = e25
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
| fam4 = [[ElbeWeser-Rhine Germanic]]
| fam5 = [[High GermanWest languages|HighCentral German]]
| fam6 = [[West CentralRhine GermanFranconian]]
| fam7 = Pfälzisch–[[RhineLorraine Franconian|Rhenisch FranconianLothringisch]]
|fam8 ancestor = [[PfälzischProto-LothringischIndo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|dia1 ancestor2 = [[Pennsylvania DutchProto-Germanic language|Pennsylvania DutchProto-Germanic]]
|script ancestor3 = [[LatinFrankish scriptlanguage|Latin]] ([[German alphabetFrankish]])
|iso3 ancestor4 = pflOld High Franconian
| ancestor5 = Old Rhine Franconian
|glotto=pala1330▼
| dia1 = [[Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]]
|glottorefname=Pfaelzisch-Lothringisch▼
| script = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[German alphabet]])
| iso3 = pfl
▲| glotto = pala1330
▲| glottorefname = Pfaelzisch-Lothringisch
}}
 
'''Palatine German''' ([[endonym]]: {{lang|pfl|Pälzisch}}; [[Standard German]]: {{lang|de|Pfälzisch}} {{IPA-|de|ˈpfɛltsɪʃˈp͡fɛlt͡sɪʃ||De-Pfälzisch.ogg}}), also known as '''[[Palatine Dutchendonym]]''',<ref: name="regebogen">{{cite book lang|title=Der Regebogen The Rainbow · Volumes 19-21pfl|year=1985|pages=25,26,27Pälzisch}}</ref>) is a group of [[RhenishRhine Franconian]] language and isdialects spoken in the [[Upper Rhine Valley]], roughly in the area between [[Zweibrücken]], [[Kaiserslautern]], [[Alzey]], [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein]], [[Mannheim]], [[Odenwald]], [[Heidelberg]], [[Speyer]], [[Landau]], [[Wörth am Rhein]] and the border to [[Alsace]] and [[Lorraine]], in [[France]], but also beyond.
 
The English term ''Palatine'' refers to the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate region]] ({{lang-de|Pfalz}}). Almost all traditional dialects of the Palatinate belong to the Palatine dialect group, but the Palatine speech area also extends to the west and east into neighboring regions ([[Saarland]], [[Kurpfalz (region)|Kurpfalz]], southern [[Hesse]]). The main dialect divisions within Palatine German are {{lang|de|Westpfälzisch}} (also called {{lang|de|Hinterpfälzisch}}) and {{lang|de|Vorderpfälzisch}} (also called {{lang|de|Ostpfälzisch}}).<ref name=Green>{{cite book |year=1990 |last=Green |first=W.A.I. |chapter=The Dialects of the Palatinate (''Das Pfälzische'') |title=The Dialects of modern German |editor-last=Russ |editor-first=Charles |pages=241–264 |location=Abingdon |publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref name=HerrgenVorberger2019>{{cite book |year=2019 |last1=Herrgen |first1=Joachim |last2=Vorberger |first2=Lars |chapter=Rheinfränkisch |editor1=Joachim Herrgen |editor2=Jürgen Erich Schmidt |title= Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch |pages=478–515 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |doi=10.1515/9783110261295-015}} </ref>
The [[Pennsylvania Dutch language]], also called Pennsylvania German, is descended primarily from the Palatine German that was spoken by [[Palatines|Palatine refugees]] who emigrated to [[North America]] from the 17th to the 19th centuries and maintained their native language. [[Danube Swabians]] in [[Croatia]] and [[Serbia]] also use many elements of Palatinate German.▼
 
▲The [[Pennsylvania Dutch language]], also called Pennsylvania German, is descended primarily from the Palatine German that was spoken by [[Palatines|Palatine refugees]] who emigrated to [[North America]] from the 17th to the 19th centuries and maintained their native language. [[Danube Swabians]] in [[Croatia]] and [[Serbia]] also use many elements of PalatinatePalatine German.
{{lang|de|Pfälzisch}} spoken in the western Palatinate ({{lang|de|Westpfälzisch}}) is normally distinguished from the {{lang|de|Pfälzisch}} spoken in the eastern Palatinate ({{lang|de|Vorderpfälzisch}}).
 
==Characteristics==
The English term ''Palatine'' refers to the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate region]], where the language is spoken.
To the northwest, Palatine German is separated from [[Moselle Franconian]] by the ''das''/''dat''-isogloss (Palatine German uses ''das'' or similar forms) and the absence of [[Pitch-accent_language#Rhinelandic_dialects|Rhenish pitch accent]].<ref name=Green/><ref name=HerrgenVorberger2019/> To the southeast, it borders on [[South Franconian]], separated by the ''Appel''/''Apfel''-line (Palatine German: ''Appel''). Within the greater Rhine Franconian dialect area, the traditional defining isoglosses are the northern ''fescht''/''fest''-line that separates Palatine German (''fescht'') from the Hessian dialects (''fest''), and the southern ''Haus''/''Hus''-line that separates Palatine German (''Haus'') from [[Lorraine Franconian]] (''Hus'').<ref name=Green/>
 
Like other Rhine Franconian dialects, Palatine German has ''e''-apocope (i.e. loss of earlier final ''-e''), ''n''-apocope (i.e. loss of earlier final ''n'' in the suffix ''-en'') and /oː/ for earlier long ''a'', e.g. ''Strooß''/''Strooße'' 'street'/'streets' (cf. Standard German ''Straße''/''Straßen''). The major division of Palatine German into {{lang|de|Westpfälzisch}} and {{lang|de|Vorderpfälzisch}} is based on a bundle of distinguishing features, such as:<ref name=Green/><ref name=HerrgenVorberger2019/>
Pronunciation and grammar vary from region to region and even from town to town. Palatine Germans can often tell other speakers' region of the Palatinate or even their specific village.
*{{lang|de|Westpfälzisch}} lacks the suffix ''-en'' in the past participle of strong verbs (e.g. ''gebroch'' 'broken', ''geschripp'' 'written'). In {{lang|de|Vorderpfälzisch}}, the suffix is retained as ''-e'' (with [[apocope]] of ''n'', e.g. ''gebroche'', ''geschriwwe'').
*Loss of medial ''g'' in {{lang|de|Westpfälzisch}} in words like ''frooe'' {{IPA|/froːə/}} (cf. Standard German ''fragen''). In {{lang|de|Vorderpfälzisch}}, it is retained as a [[voiced velar fricative]] (''frooche'' {{IPA|/froːɣə/}}).
*{{lang|de|Westpfälzisch}} ''han''/''hun'' '(I) have' against {{lang|de|Vorderpfälzisch}} ''hap''/''häp''.
 
==Samples==
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{{original research|section|date=April 2019}}
}}
Here are some words in Palatine German with their [[Standard German]] and in {{lang|de|Pfälzisch}}equivalents:
 
{| class="wikitable"
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This sentence is pronounced in {{lang|de|Vorderpfälzisch}}:
 
{{lang|pfl|Isch habb's'm [habb es em] schunn vazehlt, awwa där'r hod[er] hat ma 's [es] nit geglaabt.}}
 
In {{lang|de|Westpfälzisch}}, it would be the following:
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{{lang|pfl|Hasche aa Hunger?}} ({{lang|de|italic=no|Westpfälzisch}})
 
{{lang|pfl|HoschdHaschd ach Hunga?}} ({{lang|de|italic=no|Vorderpfälzisch}})
 
{{lang|de|Hast du auch Hunger?}} (Standard German)
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==Grammar==
{{Unreferenced|section|date=August 2021}}
Grammatically, all Palatine dialects do not use the genitive case, which is replaced by the dative, with or without {{lang|pfl|von}}, and most dialects have no [[imperfect tense]] but only the [[perfect tense|perfect]].
 
== Notable speakers==
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==References==
{{InterWiki|code=pfl}}
{{Commons category|PalatinatePalatine German}}
{{Reflist}}
 
 
{{Germanic languages}}
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[[Category:German dialects]]
[[Category:Culture of the Palatinate (region)]]
[https://hindivyanjan.com/anopcharik-patra/ Anopcharik Patra]
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