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→1960s reorganization: Not a reliable source for FAA history. The Airways Modernization Board was a temporary advisory agency of three people. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40712529) |
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{{United States space program sidebar}}
The '''Federal Aviation Administration''' ('''FAA''') is a [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] agency within the [[United States Department of Transportation|U.S. Department of Transportation]] which regulates [[civil aviation]] in the United States and surrounding [[international waters]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Loo |first=Rory |date=2018-08-01 |title=Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era |url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/265 |journal=Faculty Scholarship |volume=119 |issue=2 |page=369 |access-date=October 10, 2020 |archive-date=June 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604022358/https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/265/ |url-status=live}}</ref>'''{{rp|12,16}}''' Its powers include [[air traffic control]], certification of personnel and [[aircraft]], setting standards for airports, and protection of U.S. assets during the launch or [[re-entry]] of commercial space vehicles
The FAA was created in {{Start date|1958|08}} as the Federal Aviation Agency, replacing the [[United States government role in civil aviation#Civil Aeronautics Authority|Civil Aeronautics Administration]] (CAA). In 1967, the FAA became part of the newly formed [[United States Department of Transportation|U.S. Department of Transportation]] and was renamed the Federal Aviation Administration.
==Major functions==
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On March 18, 2008, the FAA ordered its inspectors to reconfirm that airlines are complying with federal rules after revelations that [[Southwest Airlines]] flew dozens of aircraft without certain mandatory inspections.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/03/18/air.safety/index.html FAA looking to see if airlines made safety repairs] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321214609/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/03/18/air.safety/index.html |date=March 21, 2008 }}.</ref> The FAA exercises surprise [[Red team#Airport security|Red Team]] drills on national airports annually.
On October 31, 2013, after outcry from media outlets, including heavy criticism <ref>{{cite news |title=If the FAA changes its electronics rules, you can thank a reporter |url=http://blog.chron.com/techblog/2013/10/if-the-faa-changes-its-electronics-rules-you-can-thank-a-reporter/ |author=Dwight Silverman |date=October 7, 2013 |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |access-date= November 16, 2014 |archive-date=May 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525075115/http://blog.chron.com/techblog/2013/10/if-the-faa-changes-its-electronics-rules-you-can-thank-a-reporter/ |url-status=live}}</ref> from [[Nick Bilton]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://skift.com/2013/10/31/the-internet-is-thanking-nick-bilton-for-the-faas-new-rules/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525062418/http://skift.com/2013/10/31/the-internet-is-thanking-nick-bilton-for-the-faas-new-rules/|archive-date=May 25, 2015|title = The Internet Is Thanking Nick Bilton for the
In July 2014, in the wake of the downing of [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17]], the FAA suspended flights by U.S. airlines to [[Ben Gurion Airport]] during the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict]] for 24 hours. The ban was extended for a further 24 hours but was lifted about six hours later.<ref name="IraqBA">{{cite news |title=British Airways CEO insists flights over Iraq are safe |url=http://www.theuknews.com/index.php/sid/224382415/scat/0f440bf3fff89f01/ht/British-Airways-CEO-insists-flights-over-Iraq-are-safe |access-date=August 2, 2014 |publisher=The UK News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053222/http://www.theuknews.com/index.php/sid/224382415/scat/0f440bf3fff89f01/ht/British-Airways-CEO-insists-flights-over-Iraq-are-safe |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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In 2014, the FAA modified its approach to air traffic control hiring. It launched more "off the street bids", allowing anyone with either a four-year degree or five years of full-time work experience to apply, rather than the closed college program or Veterans Recruitment Appointment bids, something that had last been done in 2008. Thousands were hired, including veterans, Collegiate Training Initiative graduates, and people who are true "off the street" hires. The move was made to open the job up to more people who might make good controllers but did not go to a college that offered a CTI program. Before the change, candidates who had completed coursework at participating colleges and universities could be "fast-tracked" for consideration. However, the CTI program had no guarantee of a job offer, nor was the goal of the program to teach people to work actual traffic. The goal of the program was to prepare people for the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, OK. Having a CTI certificate allowed a prospective controller to skip the Air Traffic Basics part of the academy, about a 30- to 45-day course, and go right into Initial Qualification Training (IQT). All prospective controllers, CTI or not, have had to pass the FAA Academy in order to be hired as a controller. Failure at the academy means FAA employment is terminated. In January 2015 they launched another pipeline, a "prior experience" bid, where anyone with an FAA Control Tower Operator certificate (CTO) and 52 weeks of experience could apply. This was a revolving bid, every month the applicants on this bid were sorted out, and eligible applicants were hired and sent directly to facilities, bypassing the FAA academy entirely.
In the process of promoting diversity, the FAA revised its hiring process.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Adam |last2=Browne |first2=Pamela |title=Trouble in the Skies |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/05/20/trouble-in-skies/ |access-date=January 3, 2016 |publisher=Fox Business |date=May 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092710/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/05/20/trouble-in-skies/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Reily |first1=Jason L. |title=Affirmative Action Lands in the Air Traffic Control Tower |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/affirmative-action-lands-in-the-air-traffic-control-tower-1433283292 |access-date=January 3, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=June 2, 2015 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=January 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035652/http://www.wsj.com/articles/affirmative-action-lands-in-the-air-traffic-control-tower-1433283292 |url-status=live}}</ref> The FAA later issued a report that the "bio-data" was not a reliable test for future performance. However, the "Bio-Q" was not the determining factor for hiring, it was merely a screening tool to determine who would take a revised Air Traffic Standardized Aptitude Test (ATSAT). Due to cost and time, it was not practical to give all 30,000 some applicants the revised ATSAT, which has since been validated. In 2015 Fox News levied
In December 2015, a reverse discrimination lawsuit was filed against the FAA seeking class-action status for the thousands of men and women who spent up to $40,000 getting trained under FAA rules before they were abruptly changed. The prospects of the lawsuit are unknown, as the FAA is a self-governing entity and therefore can alter and experiment with its hiring practices, and there was never any guarantee of a job in the CTI program.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Adam |title=Reverse Discrimination Suit Filed Against FAA, Hiring Fallout Continues |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/12/30/reverse-discrimination-suit-filed-against-faa-hiring-fallout-continues/ |access-date=January 3, 2016 |publisher=Fox Business |date=December 30, 2015 |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101160030/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2015/12/30/reverse-discrimination-suit-filed-against-faa-hiring-fallout-continues/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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