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{{Short description|Car park with public transport connections}}
[[Image:ParkAndRideSignOxford20050910.JPG|thumb|right|300px|A road sign for park and ride in Oxford, United Kingdom]]
[[File:MUTCD D4-2.svg|thumb|right|150px|Standard park and ride sign in the United States<ref>{{Cite web |title=Standard Highway Signs—PDF and EPS files for New and Revised Signs - FHWA MUTCD |url=https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/shsm_interim/index.htm |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=[[Federal Highway Administration|Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)]]}}</ref>]]
A '''park and ride''', also known as '''incentive parking''' or a '''commuter lot''', is a [[parking lot]] with [[public transport]] connections that allows [[
Park and ride is abbreviated as "P+R" on [[road sign]]s in
==Adoption==
In [[Sweden]], a tax has been introduced on the benefit of free or cheap parking paid by an employer, if workers would otherwise have to pay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skatteverket.se/rattsinformation/skrivelser/aldrear/2005/skrivelser2005.5.2132aba31199fa6713e800017870.html |language=sv |title=Skatteverkets skrivelse, Information om beskattning av parkeringsförmån |publisher=Skatteverket |access-date=2012-01-19}}</ref> The tax has reduced the number of workers driving into the inner city, and increased the usage of park and ride areas, especially in [[Stockholm]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}} The introduction of a [[Stockholm congestion tax|congestion tax]] in Stockholm has further increased the usage of park and ride.
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==Benefits==
[[File:Opatov, P plus R.jpg|thumb|Park and ride
Park and ride facilities allow commuters to avoid a
▲Park and ride facilities allow commuters to avoid a [[stress (medicine)|stressful]] drive along congested roads and a search for scarce, expensive city-centre parking. They may well reduce congestion by assisting the use of public transport in congested urban areas.
There is not much research on the pros and cons of park and ride schemes. It has been suggested that there is "a lack of clear-cut evidence
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Many park and rides have passenger waiting areas and/or toilets. [[Public transport timetable|Travel information]], such as leaflets and posters, may be provided. At larger facilities, extra services such as a travel office, food shop, [[car wash]], or [[cafeteria]] may be provided. These are often encouraged by municipal operators to encourage use of park and ride.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
[[File:AC Transit route 36 bus at West Oakland station, February 2018.JPG|thumb|An [[AC Transit]] bus at the [[West Oakland station]] park and ride in 2018]]
Park and ride facilities, with dedicated parking lots and bus services, began in the 1960s in the UK. [[Oxford]] operated the first such scheme, initially with an experimental service operating part-time from a motel on the [[A34 road (England)|A34]] in the 1960s and then on a full-time basis from 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10859209.How_Oxford_led_the_way_to_create_Park_and_Rides/|title=How Oxford led the way to create Park and Rides|website=Oxford Mail|date=6 December 2013 |language=en|access-date=2018-04-19}}</ref> [[Better Choice Parking]] first offered an airport park and ride service at [[London Gatwick Airport]] in 1978.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airport-parking-shop.co.uk/main/bcp-parking.html |title=BCP Company Information & ar parking lots Offered |publisher=Airport Parking Shop |access-date=2012-01-19}}</ref> Oxford now operates park and ride from 5 dedicated parking lots around the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordbus.co.uk/content/doc/cms/companyhistory.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318011104/http://www.oxfordbus.co.uk/content/doc/cms/companyhistory.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-18 }}</ref> As of 2015, Oxford has the biggest urban park & ride network in the UK with a combined capacity of 5,031 car parking spaces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://voyager.oxfordshire.gov.uk/Carpark.aspx |title=
▲==Bus park and rides==
▲Park and ride facilities, with dedicated parking lots and bus services, began in the 1960s in the UK. [[Oxford]] operated the first such scheme, initially with an experimental service operating part-time from a motel on the [[A34 road (England)|A34]] in the 1960s and then on a full-time basis from 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10859209.How_Oxford_led_the_way_to_create_Park_and_Rides/|title=How Oxford led the way to create Park and Rides|website=Oxford Mail|language=en|access-date=2018-04-19}}</ref> [[Better Choice Parking]] first offered an airport park and ride service at [[London Gatwick Airport]] in 1978.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airport-parking-shop.co.uk/main/bcp-parking.html |title=BCP Company Information & ar parking lots Offered |publisher=Airport Parking Shop |access-date=2012-01-19}}</ref> Oxford now operates park and ride from 5 dedicated parking lots around the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordbus.co.uk/content/doc/cms/companyhistory.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318011104/http://www.oxfordbus.co.uk/content/doc/cms/companyhistory.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-18 }}</ref> As of 2015, Oxford has the biggest urban park & ride network in the UK with a combined capacity of 5,031 car parking spaces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://voyager.oxfordshire.gov.uk/Carpark.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925095850/http://voyager.oxfordshire.gov.uk/Carpark.aspx |archive-date=2015-09-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Railway park and rides==
{{Main|Park-and-ride railway station}}
[[File:Dongan Hills SIRT parking jeh.jpg|thumb|Park and ride lot adjacent to the [[Dongan Hills (Staten Island Railway station)|Dongan Hills station]] in [[Staten Island]], [[New York City]]
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2009}}
Some [[railway station]]s are promoted as a park and ride facility for a town
In the [[United States]], it is common for outlying rail stations to include automobile parking, often with hundreds of spaces.
== Bike and ride ==
[[File:Bikes at Brickell station.jpg|thumb|right|A busy bike-and-ride facility at a [[Miami Metrorail]] station
B & R (B + R) is a name for using cycle boxes or [[Bicycle parking rack|racks]] near public transport terminals, mostly together with P & R parking lots. This system can be promoted through integrated fare and tickets with public transport system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://doprava.praha-mesto.cz/%28515qtz3kbglzmk554vtdtv55%29/zdroj.aspx?typ=2&Id=63536&sh=502365656 |title=Doprava: Pražská integrovaná doprava a cyklisté |publisher=Doprava.praha-mesto.cz |date=2005-06-22 |access-date=2012-01-19 |archive-date=2011-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122211030/http://doprava.praha-mesto.cz/(4ltjitr1uveakcr1nu4y1c55)/zdroj.aspx?typ=2&Id=63536&sh=502365656 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=={{Anchor|Kiss and ride|Kiss and fly}} Kiss and ride / kiss and fly==
[[Image:Marta kiss ride.jpg|thumb|upright|Kiss-and-ride sign at a [[Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority|MARTA]] station
Many railway stations and airports feature a "kiss-and-ride" or "kiss-and-fly" area in which cars can stop briefly to discharge or, less commonly, pick up passengers. The term first appeared in a 20 January 1956 report in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.<ref name="LATimes">{{cite news |title=kiss and ride |work=A Way With Words |url=http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/citations/kiss_and_ride_2/ |access-date=2014-03-01}}</ref> It refers to the nominal scenario whereby a passenger is driven to the station by spouse or [[Significant other|partner]]
[[Deutsche Bahn]] has announced that it will be changing the English expressions for Kiss and Ride, Service Points and Counters to German ones.<ref>{{cite news |title=German railways shunt English into sidings |work=BBC News |date=16 February 2010 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8519246.stm |access-date=2010-02-17}}</ref> In [[Italy]] the new [[Bologna Centrale railway station]] uses
==Car-share park and rides==
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