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{{Short description|Study of the Macedonian language}}
{{About|the Macedonian language studies within Slavic studies|Otherother uses|Macedonist (disambiguation)|the extinct Hellenic language|Ancient Macedonian language}}
[[File:Меморијален центар на АСНОМ, Пелинце, Македонија 02.jpg|thumb|[[Macedonian alphabet|Macedonian Cyrilic Alphabet]] at the [[ASNOM Memorial Center]].]]▼
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'''Macedonian studies''' ({{lang-mk|Македонистика|Makedonistika}} ''Makedonistika'')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Danforth |first1=Loring M. |title=The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World |date=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |page=181}}</ref> is an [[academic discipline]] within [[Slavic studies]] that focuses on the comprehensive study of the [[Macedonian language]], [[Macedonian literature|literature]], [[History of the Macedonians (ethnic group)|history]], and [[Culture of North Macedonia|culture]].<ref name="marinov">{{cite book |author1=Tchavdar Marinov |title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans – Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |pagepages=462461–462 |chapter=In Defense of the Native Tongue: The Standardization of the Macedonian Language and the Bulgarian–Macedonian Linguistic Controversies}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Macedonia: Country Study Guide |date=2013 |publisher=International Business Publications |location=Washington, DC |page=55}}</ref> As part of Slavic studies, it falls within the subgroup of [[South Slavic languages]] and cultures. Apart from [[North Macedonia]], Macedonian Studies is also taught at universities worldwide, including in Albania,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sitel.com.mk/kako-da-im-se-pomogne-na-makedoncite-vo-albanija-nasproti-agresivnata-politika-na-sofija-za |title= Како да им се помогне на Македонците во Албанија наспроти агресивната политика на Софија за бугаризација? |date=14 September 2022 |publisher=Sitel |author=Martin Arsov |quote=Македонскиот јазик ќе се изучува на педагошкиот факултет во Корча. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.mkd.mk/node/514203 |publisher=MKD |title=Македонскиот јазик и култура ќе се изучуваат на универзитетот во Корча |date=21 April 2023 }}In 2023, the Macedonian language began to be taught at the pedagogical college of Korçë</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vecer.press/%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0/ |title=Одобрено е повторно отворање Лекторат по македонски јазик во Тирана |publisher=Vecer |date=28 August 2023 }} a lectorate in Macedonian was re-opened at the [[University of Tirana]]</ref> Canada,<ref name="University of Minnesota">{{cite web |url=https://carla.umn.edu/lctl/db/result.php |publisher=University of Minnesota |title=The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA) }}</ref> Poland,<ref>{{cite news |title=University of Silesia: Agreed concrete activities for even greater affirmation and development of Macedonian studies in Poland |url=https://www.slobodenpecat.mk/en/shleziski-univerzitet-dogovoreni-konkretni-aktivnosti-za-ushte-pogolema-afirmacija-i-razvoj-na-makedonistikata-vo-polska/ |author=S.S. |publisher=Sloboden Pečat |year=2022 }}Macedonian language studies have been held at the [[University of Silesia in Katowice]] since 1987/1988</ref> the United States,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://carla.umn.edu/lctl/db/result.php |publishername="University of Minnesota |title=The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA) }}<"/ref> and post-[[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Петнаесет години од отворањето на Лекторатот по македонски јазик во Риека |url=https://www.slobodenpecat.mk/petnaeset-godini-od-otvoranjeto-na-lektoratot-po-makedonski-jazik-vo-rieka/ |publisher=Sloboden Pečat |date=9 May 2023 }}A lectorate in Macedonian language was established at the [[University of Rijeka]] in 2008</ref> and across continents. A personlinguist who studies Macedonian as part of the field is called a '''Macedonian specialistMacedonist''' (Macedonian: ''{{lang-mk|Македонист / |Makedonist''|link=no}}).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Friedman |first1=Victor |title=Makedonistikata vo Amerika i Amerikancite vo makedonistikata |journal=Literturen Zbor |date=1992 |volume=38 |issue=5–6 |pages=19–27 |trans-title=Macedonian Studies in America and Americans in Macedonian Studies}}</ref>▼
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▲[[File:Меморијален центар на АСНОМ, Пелинце, Македонија 02.jpg|thumb|[[Macedonian alphabet|Macedonian Cyrilic Alphabet]] at the [[ASNOM Memorial Center]].]]
▲'''Macedonian studies''' ({{lang-mk|Македонистика}} ''Makedonistika'')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Danforth |first1=Loring M. |title=The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World |date=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |page=181}}</ref> is an [[academic discipline]] within [[Slavic studies]] that focuses on the comprehensive study of the [[Macedonian language]], [[Macedonian literature|literature]], [[History of the Macedonians (ethnic group)|history]], and [[Culture of North Macedonia|culture]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Tchavdar Marinov |title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans – Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |page=462 |chapter=In Defense of the Native Tongue: The Standardization of the Macedonian Language and the Bulgarian–Macedonian Linguistic Controversies}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Macedonia: Country Study Guide |date=2013 |publisher=International Business Publications |location=Washington, DC |page=55}}</ref> As part of Slavic studies, it falls within the subgroup of [[South Slavic languages]] and cultures. Apart from [[North Macedonia]], Macedonian Studies is also taught at universities worldwide, including in Albania,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sitel.com.mk/kako-da-im-se-pomogne-na-makedoncite-vo-albanija-nasproti-agresivnata-politika-na-sofija-za |title= Како да им се помогне на Македонците во Албанија наспроти агресивната политика на Софија за бугаризација? |date=14 September 2022 |publisher=Sitel |author=Martin Arsov |quote=Македонскиот јазик ќе се изучува на педагошкиот факултет во Корча. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.mkd.mk/node/514203 |publisher=MKD |title=Македонскиот јазик и култура ќе се изучуваат на универзитетот во Корча |date=21 April 2023 }}In 2023, the Macedonian language began to be taught at the pedagogical college of Korçë</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vecer.press/%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0/ |title=Одобрено е повторно отворање Лекторат по македонски јазик во Тирана |publisher=Vecer |date=28 August 2023 }} a lectorate in Macedonian was re-opened at the [[University of Tirana]]</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://carla.umn.edu/lctl/db/result.php |publisher=University of Minnesota |title=The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA) }}</ref> Poland,<ref>{{cite news |title=University of Silesia: Agreed concrete activities for even greater affirmation and development of Macedonian studies in Poland |url=https://www.slobodenpecat.mk/en/shleziski-univerzitet-dogovoreni-konkretni-aktivnosti-za-ushte-pogolema-afirmacija-i-razvoj-na-makedonistikata-vo-polska/ |author=S.S. |publisher=Sloboden Pečat |year=2022 }}Macedonian language studies have been held at the [[University of Silesia in Katowice]] since 1987/1988</ref> the United States,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://carla.umn.edu/lctl/db/result.php |publisher=University of Minnesota |title=The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA) }}</ref> and post-[[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] countries<ref>{{cite news |title=Петнаесет години од отворањето на Лекторатот по македонски јазик во Риека |url=https://www.slobodenpecat.mk/petnaeset-godini-od-otvoranjeto-na-lektoratot-po-makedonski-jazik-vo-rieka/ |publisher=Sloboden Pečat |date=9 May 2023 }}A lectorate in Macedonian language was established at the [[University of Rijeka]] in 2008</ref> and across continents. A person who studies Macedonian is called a '''Macedonian specialist''' (Macedonian: ''Македонист / Makedonist'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Friedman |first1=Victor |title=Makedonistikata vo Amerika i Amerikancite vo makedonistikata |journal=Literturen Zbor |date=1992 |volume=38 |issue=5–6 |pages=19–27 |trans-title=Macedonian Studies in America and Americans in Macedonian Studies}}</ref>
 
==Historical and institutional development of the discipline==
=== Late Ottoman era ===
TheOne of the first majorlinguistic publications researching the Slavic Macedonian dialects was the book of the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] linguist of [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] origin [[Petar Draganov]], the compiler of the "Macedonian-Slavic Collection" (1894), with which he founded the Macedonian studies in the Russian Empire.<ref>Микитенко, О. (2020). Славістична діяльність П. Драганова та його «Македонско-Славянский сборник» (1894). Дриновський збірник, 12, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.7546/DS.2019.12.05</ref> During his stay as a teacher at the [[Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki|Bulgarian Men's High School in Thessaloniki]], Draganov had collected folklore material there, which he published in this collection. According to him, the Slavic Macedonian dialects constituted a distinct language.<ref>{{cite book |author=Alexis Heraclides |title=The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History |date=2020 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=9780429266362 |page=152}}</ref> Another early linguistic work dedicated on the [[Macedonian dialects|Slavic Macedonian dialects]] was done by the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] linguist from [[Slovenes|Slovenian]] background {{ill|Vatroslav Oblak|bg|Ватрослав Облак}} (1864 -– 1896).<ref name="Paul M. Foster">{{cite journal |url=https://doi.org/10.7152/ssj.v17i1.3989 |author=Paul M. Foster, Jr. |title=The Legacy of Vatroslav Oblak's Macedonische Studien in Macedonian Studies |pages=113–130 |date=1998 |journal=[[Slovene Studies]] |volume=17 |issue=1 |doi=10.7152/ssj.v17i1.3989 |accessdoi-dateaccess=free }}</ref> Oblak visited in 1891-1892 the area north of [[Thessaloniki]] and studied the [[Sochos|Suho]] village dialect.<ref>Nikolovski, G.. (2017). Pannonian and macedonian theory on the linguistic basis of the old church slavonic at the turn of the 18th to the 19th century through the prism of genetolinguistics. Studia Historica Slovenica. 17. 359-377.</ref> He found that in the [[Solun-Voden_dialectVoden dialect#Suho-Visoka_subVisoka sub-dialect|local Slavic]], spoken by the "Bulgarian peasants", the broad [[enunciation]] of the [[Yat|Yat vowel]] was preserved.<ref>Ana Kocheva et al, (2020) On the official language of the Republic of North Macedonia, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, {{ISBN|6192450811}}, p. 24.</ref> As a result, in 1896 Oblak published his book ''Macedonische Studien''.<ref>Nikolovski, Gjoko (2016). Fonološke baze suškega govora - 120 let po izidu Macedonische Studien (1896) Vatroslava Oblaka. Slavia Centralis, letnik 9, številka 2, str. 21-38.</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1=Krisztina Lajosi |editor2=Andreas Stynen |title=The Matica and Beyond: Cultural Associations and Nationalism in Europe |date=2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004425385 |pages=155-156}}</ref> In 1903 [[Krste Misirkov]] published in [[Sofia]] the pamphlet ''[[Za makedonckite raboti]]'' which was the first attempt to formalize a separate Macedonian language. Misirkov outlined an overview of the Macedonian grammar and expressed the ultimate goal of codifying this language. The author proposed to use the [[Prilep-Bitola dialect]] as a dialectal basis for the formation of the future [[Standard language|standard]]. His ideas however were not adopted until the mid-1940s.
 
The discipline of Macedonian studies experienced significant development after the codification of the Macedonian language in 1945 in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], particularly under the umbrella of [[Yugoslav studies]]. As part of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]] within Yugoslavia, academic institutions in Macedonia contributed to the advancement of Macedonian studies. The first lecture on the Macedonian language at a foreign university was held in 1946 at [[Charles University]] in [[Prague]] in [[Czechoslovakia]] by Professor Antonín Frýnta. He taught Macedonian language courses from 1946 to 1948. This marked the breakthrough of Macedonian studies at foreign universities. In [[Soviet Union]], Russian linguist {{ill|Rina Usikova|ru|Усикова, Рина Павловна}} completed her doctoral studies and defended her dissertation in the field of Macedonian studies under the mentorship of [[Samuil Bernstein]] and with support of [[Blaže Koneski]] in 1965.<ref name="Pandev">{{cite journal |url=http://www.stephanos.ru/izd/2023/2023-58-06.pdf |author=D. Pandev |title= Односот на Рина Усикова кон изворите на руската македонистика |trans-title=Rina Usikova’s Attitude to the Origins of Russian Macedonian Studies |doi= 10.24249/2309-9917-2023-58-2-56-62 |pages=56–62 |date=2023 |journal=Stephanos |volume= 58|issue=2 |access-date= }}</ref>▼
 
=== Post-WWII development ===
[[Krste Misirkov Institute for the Macedonian Language]] marked 25 years of its work in 1977 by establishing a new journal ''Makedonistika'' specialized for Macedonian studies.<ref name="Slovo-1977">{{cite journal |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/14336 |author=Kita Bicevska |title=Македонистика, 1, 1977. |pages=166–170 |date=1977 |journal=Slovo : časopis Staroslavenskoga instituta u Zagrebu |issue=29 |access-date= }}</ref> Macedonian language departments beyond North Macedonia were established in [[Paris]] in 1973, [[Bucharest]] and [[Krakow]] in 1974, [[Moscow]] 1975, [[Istanbul]] in 1985.<ref name="Univerzitetske katedre">{{cite web |title = PMacedonian Language Departments Abroad | url = https://www.ukim.edu.mk/en_content.php?meni=93&glavno=81 |publisher= [[Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje]] |author = |date = n.d. | access-date = 25 March 2024 }}</ref> The field of Macedonian studies in [[Hungary]] developed around the work of Paszkál Gilevszki and Zoltán Csuka with number of lectures and publications appearing in the country from 1980s onwards.<ref name="Kuzder, Rita">{{cite journal |url=https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=69708 |author=Rita Kuzder |title=A magyarországi makedonisztika |pages=82–93 |date=2015 |journal=Slavia Centralis |volume=8 |issue=2 |access-date= }}</ref>
▲The discipline of Macedonian studies experienced significant development after the codification of the Macedonian language in 1945 in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], particularly under the umbrella of [[Yugoslav studies]]. As part of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]] within Yugoslavia, academic institutions in Macedonia contributed to the advancement of Macedonian studies. Macedonian educators such as [[Nikola Berovski]] were sent to Albania following the war.<ref name="LC">{{cite book |title=Language Contact Language Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cAbAQAAIAAJ&q=nikola+berovski |author1=Christina Kramer |author2=Eran Franekel | date=1993 |page=94 |isbn=9780820416526 |publisher=Peter Lang }}</ref> The first lecture on the Macedonian language at a foreign university was held in 1946 at [[Charles University]] in [[Prague]] in [[Czechoslovakia]] by Professor Antonín Frýnta. He taught Macedonian language courses from 1946 to 1948. This marked the breakthrough of Macedonian studies at foreign universities. In 1958 and 1959, Macedonian linguist [[Božidar Vidoeski]] taught Macedonian language courses in Warsaw and [[Kraków]].<ref name="Stammerjohann">{{cite book |last1=Stammerjohann |first1=Harro |title=Lexicon Grammaticorum: A Bio-Bibliographical Companion to the History of Linguistics |date=2009 |publisher=Max Niemeyer Verlag |location=Tübingen |pages=824, 1578}}</ref> In [[Soviet Union]], Russian linguist {{ill|Rina Usikova|ru|Усикова, Рина Павловна}} completed her doctoral studies and defended her dissertation in the field of Macedonian studies under the mentorship of [[Samuil Bernstein]] and with support of [[Blaže Koneski]] in 1965.<ref name="Pandev">{{cite journal |url=http://www.stephanos.ru/izd/2023/2023-58-06.pdf |author=D. Pandev |title= Односот на Рина Усикова кон изворите на руската македонистика |trans-title=Rina Usikova’s Attitude to the Origins of Russian Macedonian Studies |doi= 10.24249/2309-9917-2023-58-2-56-62 |pages=56–62 |date=2023 |journal=Stephanos |volume= 58|issue=2 |access-date= }}</ref> American linguist [[Horace Lunt]], who was sent to Macedonia by Harvard University for fieldwork and was funded by the Yugoslav authorities for his work, contributed to the development of the field in U.S. universities.<ref name="marinov" />
 
[[Krste Misirkov Institute for the Macedonian Language]] marked 25 years of its work in 1977 by establishing a new journal ''Makedonistika'' specialized for Macedonian studies.<ref name="Slovo-1977">{{cite journal |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/14336 |author=Kita Bicevska |title=Македонистика, 1, 1977. |pages=166–170 |date=1977 |journal=Slovo: časopis Staroslavenskoga instituta u Zagrebu |issue=29}}</ref> Macedonian language departments beyond SR Macedonia were established in [[Paris]] in 1973, [[Bucharest]] and Kraków in 1974, [[Moscow]] 1975, [[Istanbul]] in 1985.<ref name="Univerzitetske katedre">{{cite web |title = PMacedonian Language Departments Abroad | url = https://www.ukim.edu.mk/en_content.php?meni=93&glavno=81 |publisher= [[Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje]]| access-date = 25 March 2024}}</ref> The field of Macedonian studies in [[Hungary]] developed around the work of Paszkál Gilevszki and Zoltán Csuka with number of lectures and publications appearing in the country from 1980s onwards.<ref name="Kuzder, Rita">{{cite journal |url=https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=69708 |author=Rita Kuzder |title=A magyarországi makedonisztika |pages=82–93 |date=2015 |journal=Slavia Centralis |volume=8 |issue=2}}</ref> The city of Rijeka in former [[Yugoslavia]] developed into an important center of Macedonian studies.<ref name="Rijeka-2">{{cite web |title = Najbrojniji makedonski lektorat u svijetu djeluje u Rijeci. Razgovarali smo s lektoricom Biljanom Stojanovskom | url = https://www.novilist.hr/rijeka-regija/rijeka/najbrojniji-makedonski-lektorat-u-svijetu-djeluje-u-rijeci-razgovarali-smo-s-lektoricom-biljanom-stojanovskom/ |publisher= [[Novi list]] |author = Mirjana Grce |date = 7 March 2022 | access-date = 25 March 2024 }}</ref> Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the [[University of Rijeka]] introduced Macedonian studies in its [[Slavic studies]] curriculum in 1982.<ref name="Rijeka">{{cite web |title = Priznanje riječkom Sveučilištu: Povelja za afirmaciju makedonskog jezika, književnosti i kulture | url = https://www.novilist.hr/rijeka-regija/rijeka/priznanje-rijeckom-sveucilistu-povelja-za-afirmaciju-makedonskog-jezika-knjizevnosti-i-kulture/ |publisher= [[Novi list]] |author = Ingrid Šestan Kučić |date = 16 January 2018 | access-date = 25 March 2024 }}</ref> With the [[breakup of Yugoslavia]], the department initiatlyinitially limited its activities with transformation of [[Yugoslav studies]] department into [[Croatian studies]], yet the activities were continued and developed via subseqentsubsequent colaborationcollaboration with [[Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje]] and [[St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola]].<ref name="Dejan Durić">{{cite journal |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/59273 |author=Dejan Durić |title=PRILOZI PROUČAVANJU MAKEDONSKE POVIJESTI KNJIŽEVNOSTI |pages=188–191 |date=2010 |journal=FLUMINENSIA : časopis za filološka istraživanja |volume=22 |issue=1 |access-date= }}</ref> Among other universities in former Yugoslavia, [[University of Ljubljana]] initiated Macedonian studies in 1961/1962 as a part of their [[Serbo-Croatian]] studies.<ref name="University of Ljubljana">{{cite web |title = 60 let makedonistike na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani | url = https://psihologija.ff.uni-lj.si/video/60-let-makedonistike-na-filozofski-fakulteti-univerze-v-ljubljani |publisher= [[University of Ljubljana]] |author = |date = 2022 | access-date = 25 March 2024 }}</ref>
 
==Prominent Macedonian specialists==
Line 23 ⟶ 17:
* [[Pyotr Draganov]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rossos |first1=Andrew |title=Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History |date=2013 |publisher=Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University |location=Stanford, CA |page=80}}</ref>
* [[Victor Friedman]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maxwell |first1=Alexander Mark |title=Sundry Macedonias |date=1998 |publisher=University of Wisconsin–Madison |location=Madison, WI |page=27}}</ref>
* [[Blaže Koneski]]<ref name="Stammerjohann" />
* [[Blaže Koneski]]<ref name="Stammerjohann">{{cite book |last1=Stammerjohann |first1=Harro |title=Lexicon Grammaticorum: A Bio-Bibliographical Companion to the History of Linguistics |date=2009 |publisher=Max Niemeyer Verlag |location=Tübingen |pages=824, 1578}}</ref>
* [[Christina Kramer]]
* [[Horace Lunt]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cowan |first1=Jane C. |title=Macedonia: The Politics of Identity and Difference |date=2000 |publisher=Pluto Press |location=London |page=7}}</ref>
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[[Category:Macedonistics| ]]
[[Category:AreaEuropean studies]]
[[Category:Science and technology in North Macedonia]]
[[Category:Cultural history of North Macedonia]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_studies"