Ruled paper: Difference between revisions

Initially, paper was ruled by hand, sometimes using templates.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wight|first=C.|title=R - Glossary for the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts|url=https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossR.asp|access-date=4 January 2021|website=www.bl.uk|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094502/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossR.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> Scribes could rule their paper using a "hard point," a sharp implement which left embossed lines on the paper without any ink or color,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wight|first=C.|title=H - Glossary for the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts|url=https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossH.asp#HARDPOINT|access-date=4 January 2021|website=www.bl.uk|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225060740/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossH.asp#HARDPOINT|url-status=live}}</ref> or could use "metal point," an implement which left colored marks on the paper, much like a graphite pencil, though various other metals were used.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wight|first=C.|title=M - Glossary for the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts|url=https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossM.asp#METALPOINT|access-date=4 January 2021|website=www.bl.uk|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004202758/https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossM.asp#METALPOINT|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 15 June 1770, English inventor John Tetlow patented a "machine for ruling paper for music and other purposes."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Woodcroft|first=Bennet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJ2fvayRdVgC&q=%22machine+for+ruling+paper+for+music+and+other+purposes%22&pg=PA563|title=Alphabetical Index of Patentees of Inventions: From March 2, 1617 (14 James I.) to October 1, 1852 (16 Victoriæ)|date=1854|publisher=Queen's Printing Office|language=en|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224201143/https://books.google.com/books?id=rJ2fvayRdVgC&q=%22machine+for+ruling+paper+for+music+and+other+purposes%22&pg=PA563|url-status=live}}</ref> A later machine was invented by William Orville Hickok in the mid-19th century.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Bookbinders' Specialties, Ruling Machine, O-A Striker Machine - The W.O. Hickok Manufacturing Company|url=http://hickokmfg.com/history.htm|access-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126103030/http://hickokmfg.com/history.htm|archive-date=26 January 2016}}</ref>

Elementary students use ({{lang|zh|田字格}}) Tianzige ruled paper, featuring boxes for individual characters. Sometimes each box is subdivided (vertically, horizontally, diagonally) as reference to aid the writer with the relative proportion and placement of [[Radical_(Chinese_characters)|character components]].

In Taiwan, the Japanese [[genkō yōshi]] is the main form of rule used by students writing in Mandarin, where it is called {{lang|zh|原稿紙}} ({{zh|p=yuángǎo zhǐ}}). Students use the thin vertical column to transcribe [[Bopomofo]] pronunciation.

In order to foster handwriting discipline, a type of ruling known as ''Seyès ruling''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=792|title=Seyès Ruling (a.k.a. French Ruling)|date=29 December 2004 |accessdate=26 March 2008|archive-date=11 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711022129/http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=792|url-status=live}}</ref> is used on paper in schools. Heavy vertical lines are spaced {{convert|8&nbsp;|mm (appx. 5/16&nbsp;|in)|frac=64|abbr=on}} apart, beginning {{convert|16&nbsp;|mm (appx. 5/8&nbsp;|in)|frac=64|abbr=on}} from the left-hand edge of the page. Three lighter lines are spaced {{convert|2&nbsp;|mm (appx. 5/|in|frac=64&nbsp;in)|abbr=on}} apart between each pair of heavy lines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pendemonium.com/stationery.htm#clairefontaine|title=Clairefontaine Stationery|accessdate=26 March 2008|archive-date=24 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324122537/http://www.pendemonium.com/stationery.htm#clairefontaine|url-status=live}}</ref> These sheets of paper are generally known as ''{{lang|fr|grands carreaux''}} (large tiles) as opposed to the ''{{lang|fr|petits carreaux''}} (small tiles) which are 5x5mm5 × 5mm. Seyès ruled paper is available in single sheets (''{{lang|fr|copies simples''}}) or joined double sheets (''{{lang|fr|copies doubles''}}), which arecan sometimesbe preferred for exams, being easier to handle (a single sheet can be lost, they might be used as a portfolio to store more sheets, etc). Seyès ruled paper is available in A4 size ({{lang|fr|grand format}}) and in the very school specific 170&nbsp;×&nbsp;220&nbsp;mm format ({{lang|fr|petit format}}).

DIN 16552:1977-04 ("Lines for handwriting") specifies the types of ruled paper to be used by school pupils.<ref>Kuhn, M., [http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-paper.html ''International standard paper sizes''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115144056/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-paper.html |date=15 January 2008 }}, accessed 1 March 2012</ref>

* '''Squared maths paper''' with blocks ofa 5&nbsp;mm² square grid

Among others, [[genkō yōshi]] ({{lang|ja-Hani|原稿用紙}}, "manuscript paper") is a kind of paper mainly used for [[kanji]] script writing, formed vertically with individual boxes for each Chinese character. There is a thin column to the right of the boxes, for transcribing ''[[kana]]'' pronunciation. The sizes can vary for ability levels. It is used across the [[East Asian cultural sphere]], for example in Korea for writing proverbs.

Formats for exercise notebooks are standardised.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://protect.gost.ru/v.aspx?control=7&id=180083 |title=Exercise notebook, basic technical requirements (Russian industry standard) |accessdate=25 March 2017|page=8}}</ref> School exercise books must use 8&nbsp;mm spacing between the lines,. otherOther ruled paper may use 6&nbsp;mm, 7&nbsp;mm, 8&nbsp;mm and 9&nbsp;mm spacing. The paper for cursive writing uses pairs of lines 4&nbsp;mm apart, with 8&nbsp;mm between the pairs. They may also have angled lines at 65 degrees to vertical to provide additional guidance. The lines can have gray, blue, green or purple color. The vertical margin line must have red or orange color.

A4 Ruled/Ledger Paper: 8&nbsp;mm line height; 2&nbsp;cm left- margin. Top and bottom margins may vary. Often sold as "college exercise books" or "exam pads".

* '''Gregg ruled''' paper has ruling specialized for [[stenography]]. "Paper should be smooth and lined, dull in finish, with three lines to the inch and a line down the center."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lamb |first1=Marion Minerva |title=Your First Year of Teaching Shorthand and Transcription |series=&#91;South-Western publications for business teachers&#93; X95 |date=1961 |publisher=South-Western Publishing Company |location=Cincinnati, Ohio |page=126 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015062337244&view=1up&seq=136 |accessdate=19 May 2020 |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224201146/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015062337244&view=1up&seq=136 |url-status=live }}</ref>

* '''Junior Legallegal ruled''' paper is found on 5-inch by -8-inch Juniorjunior Legallegal Padspads. This can be equal to Narrow rulenarrow or Mediummedium rule, depending on the manufacturer.

* '''Manuscript ruled''' paper is used to teach young children how to write. A blank sheet consists of rows of three lines (the space between them depends on the age group being taught) with the middle line in each three-line set being dotted. The [[D'Nealian]] writing style is a well-known teaching method that makes use of this type of paper ruling. Another educational institution, [[Pensacola Christian College#A Beka BookAbeka|A Beka Book]], utilizes this ruling along with a house metaphor (upstairs, downstairs, and basement) to help young children learn where parts of each letter should be written. The usage is similar in concept to the use of the horizontal lines on French Seyès rule paper.

There appears to be no British Standard. However, the line spacing for adult ruled paper is most commonly 8&nbsp;mm and squared maths paper ishas a 5&nbsp;mm² grid.

There is specialist handwriting paper available for primary schools ("Education standard Learn to Write Exercise books") and a British Standard BS4448 ("Specification for school exercise books and papers"). You can find ruled paper at 15&nbsp;mm spacing and squared maths paper at 10&nbsp;mm² spacing.