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{{Short description|1966 film by Curtis Harrington}}
{{about|the 1966 film|the 2014 film by the same name|Queen of Blood (2014 film)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Queen of Blood
| image = Queenofblood.jpg
|
| caption = [[Film poster|Theatrical release insert poster]]
| director = [[Curtis Harrington]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[George Edwards (producer)|George Edwards]]
* [[Samuel Z. Arkoff]]
}}
| screenplay = Curtis Harrington
| based_on = {{based on| story ''A Dream Come True''|[[Mikhail Karyukov]]<br/>Otar Koberidze}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[John Saxon]]
* [[Basil Rathbone]]
* [[Dennis Hopper]]
* [[Judi Meredith]]
}}
| music = Leonard Moran
| cinematography = Vilis Lapenieks
| editing = Leo H. Shreve
| studio = Cinema West Productions
| distributor = [[American International Pictures]]
| released = {{
| runtime = 81
| country =
| language =
| budget = $65,000<ref name="fang">{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/Fangoria_023_c2c_1982_Evil_Dead_scan_by_SproutHatesWatermarks_S/page/n51?q=%22queen+of+blood%22|magazine=Fangoria|date=1982|pages=51–52|title=Curtis Harrington|first=Bill|last=Landis}}</ref>
| gross = $17.3 million (as at 1 Oct 1966)<ref name="AIP">Mark McGee, ''Faster and Furiouser: The Revised and Fattened Fable of American International Pictures'', McFarland, 1996 p240–241</ref>
}}
'''''Queen of Blood''''' (also known as '''''Planet of Blood''''') is a 1966 [[science fiction film|science fiction]] [[horror film]] produced by [[George Edwards (producer)|George Edwards]] and [[Samuel Z. Arkoff]], directed by [[Curtis Harrington]], that stars [[John Saxon]], [[Basil Rathbone]], [[Dennis Hopper]], and [[Judi Meredith]]. The film is based on the screenplay for the earlier [[Cinema of the USSR|Soviet]] [[feature film]] ''Mechte Navstrechu'' (''A Dream Come True''). Director Harrington also reused special effects footage from that film, as well as footage from the Soviet science fiction film ''[[Battle Beyond the Sun|Nebo Zovyot]]'' (''[[Battle Beyond the Sun]]'').<ref name="fang"/>
''Queen of Blood'' was released by [[American International Pictures]] as a [[double feature]] with ''[[Blood Bath]]''. Director [[Curtis Harrington]] felt that [[Ridley Scott]]'s ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (1979) must have received some inspiration from his earlier feature, saying "Ridley's film is like a greatly enhanced, expensive and elaborate version of ''Queen of Blood''".<ref name = "terror">{{Cite web|url=http://www.terrortrap.com/interviews/curtisharrington/|title=Retrospective in Terror: An Interview with Curtis Harrington - April 2005|publisher=The Terror Trap}}</ref>
An alien species contacts Earth saying that they are journeying across the galaxy to make formal contact with humanity. Their interstellar starship crashes on Mars and an Earthship is dispatched to attempt a rescue. On Mars, they locate the downed spacecraft, but only a single dead alien humanoid is found aboard. They determine that an alien rescue shuttle left the Red Planet but crashed on nearby [[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]]. A strange, green-skinned woman is found alive aboard the shuttle's wreck. As they head back to Earth, the crew begins to die, drained of their blood.
==Plot==
The year is 1990. Space travel is well-established since humans first landed on the Moon twenty years earlier. At the International Institute of Space Technology, communications expert and astronaut Laura James monitors strange signals being received from outer space. Laura's superior, Dr. Farraday, translates the signal and discovers that it is from an alien race, who are sending an ambassador to Earth. Soon after, however, Laura receives a video log showing that the aliens' starship has crash-landed on Mars.
The Institute launches a rescue mission aboard the spaceship ''Oceano'', which includes Laura and astronauts Anders Brockman and Paul Grant. ''Oceano'' travels through a sunburst, suffering some damage, before completing the journey to Mars and locating the downed alien craft. Anders and Paul investigate and discover a single dead alien aboard. Faraday deduces that the surviving crew may have been rescued, so an observation satellite will be needed to locate the alien rescue ship. Laura's fiancé Allan and fellow astronaut Tony volunteer. They travel on the spaceship ''Meteor'' to Phobos, one of the two moons of Mars, where they launch the observation satellite. Tony finds an alien spaceship on Phobos. He and Allan are able to enter, finding an unconscious but still-living female alien. As their rescue ship holds only two, one of them must stay behind, so they toss a coin and Tony stays.
Allan and the female alien arrive on ''Oceano'', joining Laura, Paul and Anders. The alien regains consciousness and smiles at the three men, but not Laura. The alien refuses to eat all food offered and will not let Anders take a blood sample. That night, as Paul is guarding the alien, she attacks and kills him, draining his blood after first hypnotizing him. The surviving astronauts decide to keep her alive by feeding her blood from the ship's plasma supply. When this supply runs out, she kills Anders and feeds on him, leaving Laura and Allan the only humans aboard.
The alien then attacks Allan, but Laura interrupts her before she can kill again. Laura scratches her in the struggle, and the alien screams in terror, quickly bleeding to death. Laura and Allen then find alien eggs hidden aboard. Allan hypothesizes that she was royalty, likely a queen (assuming human-like inbreeding among royalty, hence her [[hemophilia]]), and was being sent to Earth in order to breed. Their spaceship lands safely, but Earth authorities decide to study the alien eggs rather than destroying them outright, as Allan has urged.
==Cast==
{{div col}}
* [[John Saxon]] as Allan Brenner
* [[Basil Rathbone]] as Dr. Farraday
* [[Judi Meredith]] as Laura James
* [[Dennis Hopper]] as Paul Grant
* [[Florence Marly]] as Alien Queen
* [[Robert Boon]] as Anders Brockman
* Don Eitner as Tony Barrata
* [[Forrest J Ackerman|Forrest J. Ackerman]] as Farraday's aide
{{div col end}}
==Production==
===Development===
Harrington had made his name with the feature ''[[Night Tide]]'', which impressed Roger Corman enough to offer the director a film project. "Of course, I would like to do a more individual film than ''Queen of Blood''", said Harrington at the time, "but I can't get the financing. However, the film is entertaining, and I feel I was able to say something within the context of the genre".<ref>{{cite news |title=Diamond in Rough of Film Life |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Thomas (film critic) |journal=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 31, 1966 |page=c15}}</ref>
''Queen of Blood'' was made using special effects from the Soviet films ''[[Mechte Navstrechu]]'' (''A Dream Come True'') and ''[[Battle Beyond the Sun|Nebo Zovyot]]'' (''Battle Beyond the Sun''). Harrington made ''Queen of Blood'' back-to-back with ''[[Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet]]'', which also incorporated footage from the Soviet films. Both Harrington films starred [[Basil Rathbone]].<ref name="video"/>
Harrington says Corman "wanted me to write a completely new framing story to use all the technical footage of a rocket flying through outer space, landing on another planet and all that. I then proceeded to write a script and created the idea of an outer space vampire-like creature.”<ref>{{cite magazine |page=42 |magazine=[[Psychotronic Video]] |url=https://archive.org/details/Psychotronic_Video_16/page/n44/mode/1up/search/%22queen+of+blood%22+harrington?q=%22queen+of+blood%22+harrington |issue=16 |title=Who Slew Curtis Harrington? |first=Marc |last=Madenwald |date=Fall 1993}}</ref> Harrington estimated that 70% of the film was his;<ref name="video"/> many years later he said it was 90%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dvddrive-in.com/features/curtisharrington.htm |title=Curtis Harrington: Living in Dangerous Houses |first=Harvey F. |last=Chartrand |website=DVD Drive In |access-date=September 3, 2013}}</ref>
Harrington hired George Edwards to act as [[line producer]]. The director met Edwards when the latter produced a stage production of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''The Garden District''. They collaborated well together and would go on to have a long professional relationship.<ref name="Kelley 35">Kelley p 35</ref> Harrington called Edwards "the kind of producer who had an un- canny ability to anticipate the needs of a director. He had a wonderful sense of humor, which enabled him to deal equally with the temperament of stars and the vagaries of writers."<ref>Harrington p 110</ref>
Corman's name does not appear on the final film. Harrington says this is because ''Queen of Blood'' was made with a non-union crew, and Corman had signed a contract to work with the unions.<ref name="video">{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/VideoWatchdog14Starbrite/page/n32?q=%22queen+of+blood%22 |magazine=[[Video Watchdog]] |title=Hollywood's First Experimentalist: Curtis Harrington |first=Bill |last=Kelley |year=1992 |page=31}}</ref>
Harrington says ''A Dream Come True'' was about a queen from another planet. He wanted to do a film about a vampire in outer space and had to make her female to match the Russian footage.<ref name="fang"/>
===Casting===
Czech actor Florence Marly was a personal friend of Harrington. He later said that he had to fight with Roger Corman in order to hire her "because she was an older woman. I'm sure he had some bimbo in mind, you know? So I fought for Marley because I felt she had the required exotic quality that would work in the role."<ref name="terror"/> Harrington wrote if he had cast "a sexy young floozy in the part... it would have become just another run-of-the- mill sci-fi exploitation film. Fortunately, I won Roger over to my cause, perhaps because I was so determined and enthusiastic. I turned out to be right in my hunch. Florence was wonderful in the nonspeaking part—eerie, intense, and otherworldly."<ref>Harrington p 112</ref>
Harrington also said Dennis Hopper "was like a part of my little team by then", so he also agreed to appear.<ref name="terror"/> He said John Saxon "Saxon conveyed sincerity and kindness."<ref>Harringon p 112</ref>
===Shooting===
The film was shot at Major Studios in downtown Los Angeles, shortly before they were bought by [[Robert Aldrich]].<ref name="Kelley 35"/>
John Saxon later claimed that [[Gene Corman]] had more to do with ''Queen of Blood'' than Roger. Saxon estimated that his scenes were shot in seven to eight days and that Dennis Hopper "was trying very hard to keep a straight face throughout" during the making of the film.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NQ-Y8lbGAsC&dq=rock+pretty+baby+saxon&pg=PA204 |first=Louis |last=Paul |title=Tales from the Cult Film Trenches: Interviews with 36 Actors from Horror, Science Fiction and Exploitation Cinema |publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]] |date=September 6, 2007 |isbn=9780786484027 |access-date=July 1, 2014}}</ref> He added in another interview, "I took it seriously, at least while on camera; Dennis had a hard time doing even that."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/Ungawa_4/page/n7/mode/1up/search/%22queen+of+blood%22?q=%22queen+of+blood%22+harrington |page=8 |magazine=Ungawa |issue=4 |title=Beating Time with John Saxon |date=n.d.}}</ref>
Harrington said the film was shot in six days.<ref name="video"/> He was able to do this because the shoot was non-union and meant the crew would work long hours, sometimes until two in the morning.<ref name="fang"/> He says two set designers recommended by Roger Corman failed to prepare the set properly in time.<ref>Harrington p 110-111</ref>
"Basil Rathbone had one day (on the set)", added Saxon. "He came on and he was a very, very distinguished gentleman. He did his scene. But he got annoyed, because they didn't get the sound right on his first take, and they asked him to come back. He dressed down the director."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Last Action Hero |last=Voger |first=Mark |journal=[[Asbury Park Press]] |location=[[Asbury Park, New Jersey]] |date=March 21, 2003 |page=32}}</ref>
Basil Rathbone was paid $1,500 to act for a day and a half on ''Queen of Blood'', and $1,500 for half a day on ''[[Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet]]'' (1965), another film that incorporated Russian film footage.<ref name="Kelley 33">Kelley p 33</ref>
Rathbone ended up working overtime and missed a meal. The [[Screen Actors Guild]] demanded overtime pay, plus a fine for the meal violation, but producer George Edwards produced footage that showed the delay was because Rathbone had not memorized all his lines and insisted on skipping lunch.<ref name="AIP"/> Harrington recalled Rathbone as "a great pro who regaled me of stories of Hollywood in the few minutes here and there between set ups."<ref name="Kelley 33"/>
Harrington says the sets were not ready on the first day of filming because "Roger had hired a bunch of hippies as set decorators and they were stoned all the time".<ref name="Kelley 33"/>
In the film the space vampire paralyzes her victims with her glowing eyes, and late in the film she appears to direct a kind of "heat vision" from her eyes to burn through a rope that has been used to confine her. The effect of the vampire's glowing eyes was one of the most striking elements of the film; Harrington told an interviewer that they achieved the effect on set by directing pencil-thin beams of light into Florence Marly's eyes.
[[Stephanie Rothman]] assisted on the film; she had also worked with Corman and Harrington on ''[[Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet]]''. "Curtis was very cordial, and I enjoyed watching him work and, you know, I learned something from watching how he functioned on the set, and how the production went along," said Rothman. "He was comfortable having me there and I was grateful to be there to learn from him."<ref name="oral">{{cite web|url=https://static.library.ucla.edu/oralhistory/pdf/submasters/21198-zz00097r4w-1-submaster.pdf|website=UCLA Library Center for Oral History Research|title=Interview of Stephanie Rothman}}</ref>
According to one account, the budget for this and ''Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet'' came to $33,052.<ref name="ray">{{cite book |first=Fred Olen |last=Ray |author-link=Fred Olen Ray |title=The New Poverty Row: Independent Filmmakers as Distributors |publisher=McFarland |year=1991 |page=54}}</ref> Another said the films cost $65,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dennis Hopper / Major Retrospective On Hollywood's Most Resilient Rebel |last=Guthmann |first=Edward |journal=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=June 5, 1988 |page=22}}</ref> Harrington has said they cost $60,000,<ref name="fang"/> then $50,000,<ref name="Kelley 33"/> though he admits to not being sure.
==Release==
''Queen of Blood'' was released in the United States in March 1966. Even before the release, its quality was sufficient for Universal to hire Harrington and producer George Edwards to make the feature film ''Games''.<ref>"Games' Men Hold Good Hand", Thomas, Kevin. ''Los Angeles Times'' November 19, 1966: 22.</ref> Harrington says ''Queen of Blood'' had particularly impressed [[Ned Tanen]].<ref>Harrington p 115</ref>
Harrington says Roger Corman promised him a $1,000 bonus if the film went into profit and the producer honored this, albeit after some prompting.<ref>Harrington p 113</ref>
A novelization of Harrington's original screenplay was written by pulp writer Charles Nuetzel. The biography about Forrest J. Ackerman erroneously suggests that Harrington based his original screenplay on a book by Nuetzel.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/QUEEN-BLOOD-CHARLES-NUETZEL-ebook/dp/B01M0H6AP2 | title=Queen of Blood | date=September 16, 2016 | publisher=Haldolen }}</ref> The novel is back in print as an ebook available online.
On December 1, 2003, ''Queen of Blood'' was featured at the [[Sitges Film Festival]] in Spain.
==Reception==
In her review of a [[double bill]] with the feature ''[[Three in the Attic]]'', [[Renata Adler]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' called ''Queen of Blood'' the livelier of the two films.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/02/27/archives/screen-3-in-the-atticqueen-of-blood-also-makes-local-bow.html|title=Queen of Blood (1966)|last=Adler|first=Renata|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 27, 1969|access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>
Harrington later wrote, "Some years later, it was very flattering to realize that I had created the prototype for a whole series of science-fiction movies dealing with monstrous creatures from outer space."<ref>Harrington p 109</ref>
==Sequel==
Alien queen actor Florence Marly made a [[16 mm]] sequel to ''Queen of Blood'' titled ''[[Space Boy (1973 film)|Space Boy! Night, Neal and Ness]]'' in 1973.<ref name="Space">{{cite book|title=Video Watchdog|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YuGAAAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Tim & Donna Lucas|page=80|issue=15–20}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of American films of 1966]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==
*{{cite book|title= Nice Guys Don't Work in Hollywood : The Adventures of An Aesthete in the Movie Business|last=Harrington|first= Curtis|year=2013|publisher= Drag City|isbn=9781937112073 |url=https://archive.org/details/niceguysdontwork0000harr/page/109/mode/1up?q=%22queen+of+blood%22}}
==External links==
* [http://www.mgm.com/#/our-titles/1535/Queen-of-Blood/ ''Queen of Blood''] at [[MGM Home Entertainment]]
*[https://catalog.afi.com/Film/23975-QUEEN-OF-BLOOD?cxt=filmography ''Queen of Blood''] at AFI
* {{IMDb title|id=0060877|title=Queen of Blood}}
*[http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87448/Queen-of-Blood/ ''Queen of Blood''] at [[TCMDB]]
* {{AllMovie title|id=38293|title=Queen of Blood}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|queen_of_blood}}
{{Curtis Harrington}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Queen Of Blood}}
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:1966 horror films]]
[[Category:
[[Category:1960s monster movies]]
[[Category:American science fiction horror films]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:1960s English-language films]]
[[Category:American monster movies]]
[[Category:American vampire films]]
[[Category:American International Pictures films]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Films directed by Curtis Harrington]]
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:Mars in film]]
[[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:1960s American films]]
[[Category:1966 independent films]]
[[Category:Psycho-biddy films]]
[[Category:English-language science fiction horror films]]
[[Category:English-language independent films]]
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