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'''Rodolfo Graziani, 1st [[Marquis]] of Neghelli''' ({{IPA|it|roˈdɔlfo ɡratˈtsjaːni}}; 11 August 1882 – 11 January 1955), was
Graziani played an important role in the consolidation and expansion of the [[Italian colonial empire]] during the 1920s and 1930s, first [[Pacification of Libya|in Libya]] and then [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|in Ethiopia]]. He became infamous for harsh repressive measures, such as the use of [[Italian concentration camps|concentration camps]] that caused many civilian deaths, and for extreme measures taken against the native resistance of the countries invaded by the Italian army, such as the hanging of [[Omar Mukhtar]]. Due to his brutal methods used in Libya, he was nicknamed ''Il macellaio del Fezzan'' ("the butcher of [[Fezzan]]").<ref>[https://www.affrica.org/la-brutta-storia-del-monumento-a-graziani/ La brutta storia del monumento a Graziani]</ref> In February 1937, after an assassination attempt against him during a ceremony in [[Addis Ababa]], Graziani ordered a period of brutal retribution now known as [[Yekatit 12]]. Shortly after the [[Military history of Italy during World War II|Italy entered World War II]], he returned to Libya as the commander of troops in [[Italian North Africa]] but resigned after the 1940–41 [[Operation Compass|British offensive]] routed his forces; this campaign caused him other stress attacks, which he suffered from a snake accident during his military service in Libya a few years before [[World War I]].
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