Willis Carrier: Difference between revisions

| birth_date = {{birth date|1876|11|26}}

| birth_place = [[Angola, New York]], U.S.

| death_place = [[New York City]], U.S.

| resting_place = [[Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo, New York)|Forest Lawn Cemetery]],<br /> [[Buffalo, New York]]

 

==Early life and education==

 

He studied at [[Cornell University]] starting in 1897 and graduated in 1901 with a [[Master of Engineering]] degree.<ref name="cornell-freshman">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75379942/cornell-scholarships-2-oct-1897-buffal/ |title=Cornell Scholarships |date=October 2, 1897 |page=4 |newspaper=[[The Buffalo News|Buffalo Evening News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref name="cornell">{{Cite web |url=https://engineering.library.cornell.edu/early-cornell-engineering-alumni-inventors/ |title=Early Cornell Engineering Alumni Inventors |date=October 16, 2019 |website=cornell.edu |access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref>

 

==Career==

[[File:Willis Carrier Engineers Handbook.jpg|thumbnail|right|Engineers Hand-book, edited by Carrier while at the Buffalo Forge Co. in 1914]]

In [[Buffalo, New York]], on July 17, 1902, in response to an air quality problem experienced at the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing & Publishing Company of [[Brooklyn]], New York,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carlson |first1=Jen |title=Did You Know The First Air Conditioner Ever Was Installed In Brooklyn? |url=https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/did-you-know-the-first-air-conditioner-ever-was-installed-in-brooklyn |access-date=February 14, 2021 |publisher=Gothamist |date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Willis Carrier submitted drawings for what became recognized as the world's first modern air conditioning system. It was so humid in summer that the paper grew and shrank, which resulted in poor quality images, because the color printing process involved running the same piece of paper up to four times, each with a different color ink.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Allison |title=The Factory: A Social History of Work and Technology |date=2018 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1440853333 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9B5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |access-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref>

 

On December 3, 1911, Carrier presented what is perhaps the most significant document ever prepared on air conditioning –

 

With the onset of [[World War I]] in late 1914, the Buffalo Forge Company, where Carrier had been employed for 12 years, decided to confine its activities entirely to manufacturing. The result was that seven young engineers pooled together their life savings of $32,600 to form the Carrier Engineering Corporation in New York on June 26, 1915. The seven were Carrier, J. Irvine Lyle, Edward T. Murphy, L. Logan Lewis, Ernest T. Lyle, Frank Sanna, Alfred E. Stacey Jr., and Edmund P. Heckel. The company eventually settled on Frelinghuysen Avenue in [[Newark, New Jersey]].

 

Carrier's [[igloo]]-shaped pavilion<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150417225126/http://www.1939nyworldsfair.com/worlds_fair/wf_tour/zone-5/carrier.htm The 1939 New York World's Fair]</ref> in the [[1939 New York World's Fair]] gave visitors a glimpse into the future of air conditioning, but before it became popular, [[World War II]] began. During the post-war economic boom of the 1950s, air conditioning began its tremendous growth in popularity. Today, air-conditioning and HVAC is a staple in many American homes and businesses.

 

==Legacy==

In 1930, Carrier started Toyo Carrier and Samsung Applications in [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] and [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea]].{{Citation needed|reason=No such record can be found regarding Samsung Applications even when searched in Korean|date=July 2017}} [[South Korea]] is now the largest producer for air conditioning in the world. The Carrier Corporation pioneered the design and manufacture of refrigeration machines to cool large spaces. By increasing industrial production in the summer months, air conditioning revolutionized American life. The company became a subsidiary of [[United Technologies]] Corporation in 1980, and remained so until 2020, when it was spun off again as an independent publicly traded company.<ref name="trading">{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joecornell/2020/04/06/raytheon-technologies-otis-and-carrier-begin-regular-way-trading |title=Raytheon Technologies, Otis And Carrier Begin Regular Way Trading |last=Cornell |first=Joe |website=[[Forbes]] |date=April 6, 2020 |access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref> The Carrier Corporation remains a world leader in commercial and residential HVAC and refrigeration. In 2018, the [[Carrier Corporation]] had sales of $18.6 billion and employed 53,000 people.

 

==Personal life==

Carrier met Edith Claire Seymour at Cornell and they married on August 29, 1902.<ref name="seymour">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75380140/home-news-announcement-has-been-4/ |title=Home News |date=September 4, 1902 |page=5 |newspaper=Springville Journal |location=Springville, NY |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref> Edith Claire Seymour died in 1912.<ref name="wise">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75380337/elizabeth-m-wise-wedded-to-willis-h-ca/ |title=Elizabeth M. Wise Wedded to Willis H. Carrier |date=February 13, 1941 |page=10 |newspaper=The Courier-News |location=Bridgewater, NJ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref> He married Jennie Tifft Martin on April 16, 1913.<ref name="martin">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75392504/carrier-martin-21-apr-1913-buffalo/ |title=Carrier-Martin |date=April 21, 1913 |page=8 |newspaper=[[The Buffalo News|Buffalo Evening News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref> She died in 1939.<ref name="wise"/> He married Elizabeth Marsh Wise of [[Terre Haute, Indiana]] on February 7, 1941.<ref name="wise"/> Carrier and all three of his wives are buried in [[Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo, New York)|Forest Lawn Cemetery]] in Buffalo, New York.<ref name = "Ingels">{{citation |last=Ingels |first=Margaret |year=1952 |title=Willis Haviland Carrier: Father of Air Conditioning |place=Garden City |publisher=Country Life Press}}.</ref> Carrier fathered one child, Howard Carter Willis.{{citation needed |date=April 2021}} He also adopted another two children<ref name="Century">{{cite book |first= Molly |last= Ivins |title= Willis Carrier |work= Time/CBS News "People of the Century" |publisher= Simon and Schuster |year= 1999 |page= 64 |quote= Willis Carrier, who read and sought out knowledge until his death at 73, married three times (twice a widower) and adopted two children, neither of whom survive. In classic American-businessman fashion, he was a Presbyterian, a Republican and a golfer. |isbn= 978-0-684-87093-9 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wO3qlZr7s3MC&pg=PA64 |access-date=May 19, 2020}}</ref> from Jennie Martin, Vernon Gardner Carrier (1903–1985) and Earl Gardner Carrier (1905–1983).

 

 

==Awards and recognition==