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Line 60: Characterized by their [[Punk subculture\|punk]] aesthetic, Nirvana's fusion of [[Pop music\|pop]] melodies with [[Noise music\|noise]], combined with their themes of [[abjection]] and [[social alienation]], brought them global popularity. Following extensive tours and the 1992 compilation album ''[[Incesticide]]'' and EP ''[[Hormoaning]]'', the band released their highly anticipated third studio album, ''[[In Utero]]'' (1993). The album topped both the US and UK album charts, and was acclaimed by critics. Nirvana disbanded following [[Suicide of Kurt Cobain\|Cobain's suicide]] in April 1994. Further releases have been overseen by Novoselic, Grohl, and Cobain's widow, [[Courtney Love]]. The live album ''[[MTV Unplugged in New York]]'' (1994) won [[Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album\|Best Alternative Music Performance]] at the [[1996 Grammy Awards]]. Nirvana is one of [[list of best-selling music artists\|the best-selling bands]] of all time, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide. During their three years as a mainstream act, Nirvana received an [[American Music Awards\|American Music Award]], a [[Brit Awards\|Brit Award]], and a [[Grammy Award]], as well as seven [[MTV Video Music Award]]s and two [[NME Awards]]. They achieved five number-one hits on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)\|Billboard]]'' [[Alternative Songs]] chart and four number-one albums on the [[Billboard 200\|''Billboard'' 200]]. In 2004, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' named Nirvana among the [[Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\|100 greatest artists of all time]]. They were inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in their first year of eligibility in 2014. == History == Line 67: Singer and guitarist [[Kurt Cobain]] and bassist [[Krist Novoselic]] met while attending [[Aberdeen High School (Washington)\|Aberdeen High School]] in Washington state.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 209</ref> The pair became friends while frequenting the practice space of the [[Melvins]].<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 36</ref> Cobain wanted to form a band with Novoselic, but Novoselic did not respond for a long period. Cobain gave him a demo tape of his project [[Fecal Matter (band)\|Fecal Matter]]. Three years after the two first met, Novoselic notified Cobain that he had finally listened to the Fecal Matter demo and suggested they start a group. Their first band, the Sellouts, was a [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]] tribute band.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Everybody Loves John Fogerty \|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/09/04/217281876/everyone-loves-john-fogerty \|access-date=January 4, 2020 \|work=NPR \|date=September 4, 2013 \|archive-date=April 25, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425145921/https://www.npr.org/2013/09/04/217281876/everyone-loves-john-fogerty \|url-status=live }}</ref> The project featured Novoselic on guitar and vocals, Cobain on drums, and Steve Newman on bass but only lasted a short time.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 54-55</ref> Another project, this time featuring originals, was also attempted in late 1986. Bob McFadden was enlisted to play drums, but after a month this project also fell through.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 44–5</ref> In early 1987, Cobain and Novoselic recruited drummer [[Aaron Burckhard]].<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 57</ref> They practiced material from Cobain's Fecal Matter tape but started writing new material soon after forming.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 58</ref> During its initial months, the band went through a series of names, including Skid Row, Pen Cap Chew, Bliss and Ted Ed Fred.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Serra \|first1=Nick \|title=Live Nirvana Concert Chronology – 1987 \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/87.php \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=30 May 2023 \|archive-date=February 6, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206094248/https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/87.php \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Serra \|first1=Nick \|title=Live Nirvana Concert Chronology – 1988 \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/88.php \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=30 May 2023 \|archive-date=February 6, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206091446/https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/88.php \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Serra \|first1=Nick \|title=June 27, 1987 \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/87/87-06-27.php \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=26 March 2021 \|archive-date=April 23, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423125131/https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/87/87-06-27.php \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>True, 2007</ref> The band played under the name Nirvana for the first time on March 19, 1988, at Community World Theater, Tacoma, Washington, together with the bands Lush and Vampire Lezbos.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Serra \|first1=Nick \|title=March 19, 1988 – Community World Theater, Tacoma, WA, US \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/88/88-03-19.php \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=30 May 2023 \|archive-date=November 1, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101232852/https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/88/88-03-19.php \|url-status=live }}</ref> This concert's flyer, designed by Kurt Cobain, also mentioned all of the previous band names: "Nirvana (also known as... Skid Row, Ted Ed Fred, Pen Cap Chew, Bliss)".<ref>{{cite web \|title=Nirvana March 19, 1988 concert flyer \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/images/1988/1988-03-19/1988-03-19_01.jpg \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=30 May 2023 \|archive-date=November 1, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101233132/https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/images/1988/1988-03-19/1988-03-19_01.jpg \|url-status=live }}</ref> The group settled on Nirvana because, according to Cobain, "I wanted a name that was kind of beautiful or nice and pretty instead of a mean, raunchy punk name like the [[Angry Samoans]]."<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 61–2</ref> The band were initially sued by the British band [[Nirvana (British band)\|Nirvana]] over the usage of the name, reaching an out-of-court settlement.<ref>{{cite web\|first=Mark\|last=Beaumont\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2011/jun/29/viva-brother-name-change\|title=From Nirvana to Viva Brother: what's in a name change\|work=[[The Guardian]]\|date=June 29, 2011\|access-date=July 12, 2024}}</ref> Novoselic moved to [[Tacoma, Washington\|Tacoma]] and Cobain to [[Olympia, Washington]]. They temporarily lost contact with Burckhard, and instead practiced with [[Dale Crover]] of the Melvins. Nirvana recorded its first demos in January 1988.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 67–8</ref> In early 1988, Crover moved to San Francisco but recommended Dave Foster as his replacement on drums.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 73</ref> Foster's tenure with Nirvana was a rocky one; during a stint in jail, he was replaced by Burckhard, who again departed after telling Cobain he was too hungover to practice one day.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 76–7</ref> Foster would rejoin the band, but after Cobain and Novoselic were introduced to drummer [[Chad Channing]], the band would permanently dismiss him (although not before Foster witnessed the group play live without him).<ref>{{cite web \|title=may 27, 1988 – the big pointy house, olympia, wa, us \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/concerts/88/88-05-27.php \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> Channing continued to jam with Cobain and Novoselic; however, by Channing's account, "They never actually said 'okay, you're in.{{'"}} Channing played his first show with Nirvana in late May 1988.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 79</ref> Line 76: ''Bleach'' was released in June 1989, and became a favorite of [[college radio]] stations. Nirvana embarked on its first national tour,<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 111</ref><ref name="rolling stone review">Young, Charles; O'Donnell, Kevin. [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/nirvana/albumguide "Nirvana: Album guide"] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704181922/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/nirvana/albumguide \|date=July 4, 2014 }}. ''Rolling Stone''. April 11, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2011.</ref> but canceled the last few dates and returned to Washington state due to increasing differences with Everman. No one told Everman he was fired; Everman later said he had quit.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 115–20</ref> Although Sub Pop did not promote ''Bleach'' as much as other releases, it was a steady seller,<ref name="Azerrad134">Azerrad, 1994. p. 134</ref> and had initial sales of 40,000 copies.<ref>Price, David J. [https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267712/nirvanas-bleach-turns-20-new-live-recording-coming Nirvana's 'Bleach' Turns 20, New Live Recording Coming] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130052803/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267712/nirvanas-bleach-turns-20-new-live-recording-coming \|date=November 30, 2020 }}. ''[[Billboard (magazine)\|Billboard]]''. August 4, 2009. Retrieved January 28, 2011. According to the source, ''Bleach'' has now sold 1.7 million copies in the United States.</ref> However, Cobain was upset by the label's lack of promotion and distribution.<ref name="Azerrad134" /> In late 1989, Nirvana recorded the ''[[Blew (EP)\|Blew]]'' EP with producer [[Steve Fisk]].<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 123</ref> In an interview with Robb, Cobain said the band's music was changing: "The early songs were really angry... But as time goes on the songs are getting poppier and poppier as I get happier and happier. The songs are now about conflicts in relationships, emotional things with other human beings."<ref>Robb, John. "White Heat". ''[[Sounds (magazine)\|Sounds]]''. October 21, 1989</ref> [[File:Dave Grohl 1989.jpg\|thumb\|[[Dave Grohl\|Grohl]] performing with [[Scream (band)\|Scream]] in 1989\|alt=~~\|210x210px~~]]In April 1990, Nirvana began working on their next album with producer [[Butch Vig]] at [[Smart Studios]] in [[Madison, Wisconsin]].<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 137</ref> Cobain and Novoselic became disenchanted with Channing's drumming, and Channing expressed frustration at not being involved in songwriting. As bootlegs of Nirvana demos with Vig began to circulate in the music industry and draw attention from major labels, Channing left the band.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 138–39</ref> That July, Nirvana recorded the single "[[Sliver (song)\|Sliver]]" with Mudhoney drummer [[Dan Peters]].<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 142</ref> Dale Crover filled in on drums on Nirvana's seven-date American West Coast tour with [[Sonic Youth]] that August.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 141</ref> In September 1990, [[Buzz Osborne]] of the Melvins introduced the band to drummer [[Dave Grohl]], whose Washington, D.C. band [[Scream (band)\|Scream]] had broken up.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 151</ref> Grohl auditioned for Novoselic and Cobain days after arriving in Seattle; Novoselic later said, "We knew in two minutes that he was the right drummer."<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 154</ref> Grohl told ''[[Q (magazine)\|Q]]'': "I remember being in the same room with them and thinking, 'What? ''That''{{'s}} Nirvana? Are you kidding?' Because on their record cover they looked like psycho lumberjacks... I was like, 'What, that little dude and that big motherfucker? You're kidding me'."<ref>''[[Q (magazine)\|Q]]'', October 2010</ref> Line 95: === 1993: ''In Utero'' === [[File:Patsmear.jpg\|alt=\|thumb\|upright\|Nirvana added an extra guitarist, [[Pat Smear]], for the ''In Utero'' tour.~~\|222x222px~~]]In February 1993, Nirvana released [[Puss / Oh, the Guilt\|"Puss" / "Oh, the Guilt"]], a split single with [[~~The~~the Jesus Lizard]], on the independent label [[Touch and Go Records\|Touch & Go]].<ref name="goldmine" /> For their third album, Nirvana chose producer [[Steve Albini]], who had a reputation as principled and opinionated in the American [[Independent music\|indie music]] scene. While some speculated that Nirvana chose Albini for his underground credentials,<ref>DeRogatis, 2003. p. 5–6</ref> Cobain said they chose him for his "natural" recording style, without layers of studio trickery.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 317</ref> Albini and Nirvana recorded the album in two weeks in [[Pachyderm Studio]] in [[Cannon Falls, Minnesota]], that February<ref name="Gaar40">Gaar, 2006. p. 40</ref> for $25,000.<ref>DeRogatis, 2003. p. 4</ref> After its completion, stories ran in the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' and ''[[Newsweek]]'' that quoted sources claiming DGC considered the album "unreleasable".<ref>DeRogatis, 2003. p. 17</ref> Fans became concerned that Nirvana's creative vision might be compromised by their label.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 332</ref> While the stories about DGC shelving the album were untrue, the band was unhappy with certain aspects of Albini's mixes; they thought the bass levels were too low,<ref name="FrickeRS1994">Fricke, David. "Kurt Cobain: The Rolling Stone Interview". ''Rolling Stone''. January 27, 1994.</ref> and Cobain felt that "[[Heart-Shaped Box]]" and "[[All Apologies]]" did not sound "perfect".<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 336–37</ref> The longtime [[R.E.M.]] producer [[Scott Litt]] was called in to remix the two songs, with Cobain adding more instrumentation and backing vocals.<ref>Azerrad, 1994. p. 338</ref> Line 107: === 1994–1996: Death of Cobain and disbandment === {{See also\|Suicide of Kurt Cobain}} [[File:KurtCobainHouse.jpg\|alt=\|thumb\|Cobain's house in [[Seattle]], where he was found dead ~~from a self-inflicted gunshot~~ in April 1994]] On April 6, 1994, it was made public that Nirvana withdrew from their planned appearance at the [[List of Lollapalooza lineups by year#1994\|Lollapalooza 94]] tour due to Cobain's ongoing health problems, with reports even surfacing that they had broken up.<ref>{{citation\|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-04-06-ca-42770-story.html\|title=Nirvana Pulls Out of Tour Plan : Pop music: Amid reports of a breakup, the band withdraws from talks about headlining this summer's 'Lollapalooza '94,' citing singer Kurt Cobain's health problems.\|first=Steve\|last=Hochman\|work=Los Angeles Times\|date=April 6, 1994\|accessdate=July 17, 2024}}</ref> In the weeks following his hospitalization in Rome, Cobain's [[heroin]] addiction resurfaced. Following an [[Intervention (counseling)\|intervention]], he was persuaded to enter [[drug rehabilitation]]. After less than a week, he left the facility without informing anyone, then returned to Seattle. One week later, on April 8, 1994, [[Suicide of Kurt Cobain\|Cobain was found dead of a self-inflicted shotgun wound]] at his home in the [[Denny-Blaine, Seattle\|Denny-Blaine]] neighborhood of the city.<ref>Heard, Chris. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3568909.stm "Torment of rock hero Cobain"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512025431/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3568909.stm\|date=May 12, 2011}}. [[BBC News]]. April 6, 2004. Retrieved August 22, 2010.</ref> Cobain's death drew international attention and became a topic of public fascination and debate.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Harvey \|first=Dennis \|date=June 24, 2015 \|title=Film Review: 'Soaked in Bleach' \|language=en-US \|work=Variety \|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/soaked-in-bleach-review-kurt-cobain-courtney-love-1201519277/ \|url-status=live \|access-date=August 23, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628124944/https://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/soaked-in-bleach-review-kurt-cobain-courtney-love-1201519277/ \|archive-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref> Within hours, stocks ran low of Nirvana records in stores,<ref>{{cite magazine \|last=Borzillo \|first=Carrie \|author-link=Carrie Borzillo \|date=April 23, 1994 \|title=Cobain Mourned By Fans, Industryites In Memorials, Music Stores \|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1994/1994-04-23-Billboard-Page-0100.pdf \|url-status=live \|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)\|Billboard]] \|page=102 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213229/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1994/1994-04-23-Billboard-Page-0100.pdf \|archive-date=June 2, 2021 \|access-date=May 30, 2021}}</ref> and Nirvana sales rose dramatically in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite magazine \|date=April 23, 1994 \|title=MCA puts hold on Nirvana releases \|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Week-IDX/IDX/1994/Music-Week-1994-01-08.o-IDX-627.pdf \|url-status=live \|magazine=[[Music Week]] \|page=5 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220121021/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Week-IDX/IDX/1994/Music-Week-1994-01-08.o-IDX-627.pdf \|archive-date=December 20, 2021 \|access-date=December 20, 2021}}</ref> Unused tickets for Nirvana concerts sold for inflated prices on the used market. The inflation was triggered by the manager of [[Brixton Academy]], who lied on [[BBC Radio 1]] that fans were purchasing tickets as a "piece of history", in an effort to retain the money he stood to lose from ticket refunds.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Parkes \|first=Simon \|date=27 April 2014 \|title=I Bought the Brixton Academy for £1 \|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/3bw8xn/i-bought-the-brixton-academy-for-1 \|access-date=2022-04-18 \|website=[[Vice (website)\|Vice]] \|language=en}}</ref> A public vigil for Cobain was held on April 10, 1994, at a park at [[Seattle Center]], drawing approximately 7,000 mourners,<ref name="azerrad">{{cite book \|last=Azerrad \|first=Michael \|title=Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana \|date=1993 \|publisher=[[Knopf Doubleday]] \|isbn=0-385-47199-8 \|location=New York City \|author-link=Michael Azerrad}}</ref>{{rp\|346}} followed by a final ceremony on May 31, 1999.<ref name="cross-2001">{{cite book \|last=Cross \|first=Charles R. \|title=Heavier Than Heaven \|date=2001 \|publisher=[[Hachette Books\|Hyperion Books]] \|isbn=0-7868-6505-9 \|location=New York City \|author-link=Charles R. Cross}}</ref>{{rp\|351}} Line 117 ⟶ 118: === 1997–2006: Conflicts with Courtney Love === In 1997, Novoselic, Grohl and ~~[[Courtney~~ Love~~]], Kobain's ex-wife,~~ formed ~~Nirvana LLC, a~~the [[limited liability company]], Nirvana LLC to oversee Nirvana projects.<ref>DeRogatis, 2003. p. 32–3</ref> A 45-track box set of Nirvana rarities was scheduled for release in October 2001.<ref name="Heath">Heath, Chris. "The Nirvana Wars: Who Owns Kurt Cobain?". ''Rolling Stone''. June 6, 2002.</ref> However, shortly before the release date, Love filed a suit to dissolve Nirvana LLC, and an injunction was issued preventing the release of any new Nirvana material until the case was resolved.<ref>DeRogatis, 2003. p. 33–4</ref> Love contended that Cobain was Nirvana, that Grohl and Novoselic were sidemen, and that she had signed the partnership agreement originally under bad advice. Grohl and Novoselic countersued, asking the court to remove Love from the partnership and to replace her with another representative of Cobain's estate.<ref name="Heath" />▼ ~~[[File:Courtney Love 1995 by Andrzej Liguz.jpg\|thumb\|[[Courtney Love]], lead vocalist of [[Hole (band)\|Hole]] and ex-wife of [[Nirvana]] lead singer [[Kurt Kobain]]]]~~ ▲In 1997, Novoselic, Grohl and [[Courtney Love]], Kobain's ex-wife, formed Nirvana LLC, a [[limited liability company]], to oversee Nirvana projects.<ref>DeRogatis, 2003. p. 32–3</ref> A 45-track box set of Nirvana rarities was scheduled for release in October 2001.<ref name="Heath">Heath, Chris. "The Nirvana Wars: Who Owns Kurt Cobain?". ''Rolling Stone''. June 6, 2002.</ref> However, shortly before the release date, Love filed a suit to dissolve Nirvana LLC, and an injunction was issued preventing the release of any new Nirvana material until the case was resolved.<ref>DeRogatis, 2003. p. 33–4</ref> Love contended that Cobain was Nirvana, that Grohl and Novoselic were sidemen, and that she had signed the partnership agreement originally under bad advice. Grohl and Novoselic countersued, asking the court to remove Love from the partnership and to replace her with another representative of Cobain's estate.<ref name="Heath" /> The day before the case was set to go to trial in October 2002, Love, Novoselic, and Grohl announced that they had reached a settlement. The next month, the best-of compilation ''[[Nirvana (Nirvana album)\|Nirvana]]'' was released, featuring the previously unreleased track "[[You Know You're Right]]", the last song Nirvana recorded.<ref>Stout, Gene. [http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/Courtney-Love-former-members-of-Nirvana-settle-1097350.php "Courtney Love, former members of Nirvana settle suit"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110422/http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/Courtney-Love-former-members-of-Nirvana-settle-1097350.php \|date=October 6, 2014 }}. September 30, 2002. ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer''. Retrieved July 19, 2011.</ref> It debuted at number three on the ''Billboard'' album chart.<ref>Susman, Gary. [https://~~www.~~ew.com~~/ew~~/article/~~0,,388144,00.html~~2002/11/07/eminems-8-mile-soundtrack-debuts-no-1/ "'Mile' Marker"] ~~{{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204232520/https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,388144,00.html \|date=December 4, 2020 }}~~. ''Entertainment Weekly''. November 7, 2002. Retrieved November 14, 2010.</ref> The box set, ''[[With the Lights Out]]'', was released in November 2004. The release contained early Cobain demos, rough rehearsal recordings, and live tracks. An album of selected tracks from the box set, ''[[Sliver: The Best of the Box]]'', was released in late 2005.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/61350/track-list-set-for-nirvana-compilation "Track List Set For Nirvana Compilation"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526180801/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/61350/track-list-set-for-nirvana-compilation \|date=May 26, 2020 }}. ''Billboard''. September 20, 2005. Retrieved November 14, 2010.</ref> In April 2006, Love sold 25 percent of her stake in the Nirvana song catalog to [[Primary Wave (company)\|Primary Wave]], for an estimated at $50 million. Love sought to assure Nirvana's fanbase that the music would not simply be licensed to the highest bidder: "We are going to remain very tasteful and true to the spirit of Nirvana while taking the music to places it has never been before."<ref>Vineyard, Jennifer. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528625/20060413/love_courtney.jhtml?headlines=true "Courtney Love Sells Substantial Share Of Nirvana Publishing Rights"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625000051/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528625/courtney-sells-portion-nirvana-rights.jhtml \|date=June 25, 2012 }}. MTVNews.com. April 13, 2006. Retrieved September 5, 2007.</ref> === 2006–present: Further reissues and reunions === [[File:Krist Novoselic.jpg\|alt=\|thumb\|upright\|[[Krist Novoselic]] in 2011]] ''Live! Tonight! Sold Out!!'', was re-released on DVD in 2006,<ref>Cohen, Jonathan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071021071419/http://billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003190379 "Nirvana Concert Film Making DVD Debut"]. ''Billboard''. October 3, 2006. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005120631/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003190379 the original] on October 21, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2010.</ref> followed by the full version of ''MTV Unplugged in New York'' on DVD in 2007.<ref>Cohen, Jonathan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080430090430/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1048591/nirvanas-unplugged-finally-heading-to-dvd "Nirvana's 'Unplugged' Finally Heading To DVD"]. ''Billboard''. October 4, 2007. Archived from [https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1048591/nirvanas-unplugged-finally-heading-to-dvd the original] on April 30, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2010.</ref> In November 2009, Nirvana's performance at the 1992 Reading Festival was released on CD and DVD as ''[[Live at Reading]],''<ref>{{cite web \|url-status=dead \|url=https://www.nme.com/news/nirvana/47122 \|title=Nirvana 'Live At Reading Festival' DVD finally set for official release \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810031609/http://www.nme.com/news/nirvana/47122 \|archive-date=August 10, 2016 \|website=NME \|date=September 3, 2009 \|access-date=August 24, 2010 \|first1=Adam \|last1=Bychawski }}</ref> alongside a deluxe 20th-anniversary edition of ''Bleach.''<ref name="pitchfork">{{cite web \|url-status=dead \|last1=Breihan \|first1=Tom \|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/36229-sub-pop-to-reissue-nirvanas-ibleachi/ \|title=Sub Pop to Reissue Nirvana's ''Bleach'' \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816083113/http://pitchfork.com/news/36229-sub-pop-to-reissue-nirvanas-ibleachi/ \|archive-date=August 16, 2009 \|website=[[Pitchfork (website)\|Pitchfork]] \|date=August 14, 2009 \|access-date=November 27, 2010}}</ref> DGC released a number of 20th-anniversary deluxe packages of ''Nevermind'' in September 2011, which included the ''[[Live at the Paramount (video)\|Live at the Paramount]]'' show,<ref>{{cite web \|url-status=live \|url=http://www.upvenue.com/article/1432-details-of-nirvana-s-nevermind-reissue.html \|title=Details of Nirvana's Nevermind Reissue \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505134057/https://upvenue.com/article/1432-details-of-nirvana-s-nevermind-reissue.html \|archive-date=May 5, 2021 \|website=UpVenue \|access-date=May 19, 2013 \|first1=Darlene \|last1=Nikki }}</ref> and of ''In Utero'' in September 2013, which included the ''[[Live and Loud (Nirvana video)\|Live and Loud]]'' show.<ref>{{cite magazine\|last=Kreps\|first=Daniel\|title=Inside Nirvana's Rarities-Packed 'In Utero' Reissue: Demos, Live Cuts, and a Found Track \|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]\|date=August 13, 2013\|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/inside-nirvanas-rarities-packed-in-utero-reissue-20130813\|access-date=August 23, 2013\|archive-date=August 26, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826043152/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/inside-nirvanas-rarities-packed-in-utero-reissue-20130813\|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Grohl, Novoselic, and Smear joined [[Paul McCartney]] at [[12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/12/paul-mccartney-kurt-cobain-nirvana "Paul McCartney to replace Kurt Cobain in Nirvana reunion"]. ''The Guardian''. December 12, 2012. Retrieved on December 12, 2012. {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916150610/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/12/paul-mccartney-kurt-cobain-nirvana \|date=September 16, 2016 }}.</ref> The performance featured the premiere of a new song written by the four, "Cut Me Some Slack". A studio recording was released on the soundtrack to ''[[Sound City (film)\|Sound City]]'', a documentary film by Grohl.<ref>[http://consequenceofsound.net/2012/12/nirvana-reunite-with-paul-mccartney-record-new-song-cut-me-some-slack/ "Nirvana Reunites with Paul McCartney, Record New Song "Cut Me Some Slack""]. [[Consequence of Sound]]. December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012. {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909065907/http://consequenceofsound.net/2012/12/nirvana-reunite-with-paul-mccartney-record-new-song-cut-me-some-slack/ \|date=September 9, 2013 }}.</ref><ref name="allmusic-sound-city">{{cite web\|last=Erlewine\|first=Stephen\|title=Sound City: Real to Reel – Original Soundtrack\|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/sound-city-real-to-reel-mw0002480578\|work=[[AllMusic]]\|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]\|access-date=March 26, 2013\|archive-date=October 16, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016104317/http://www.allmusic.com/album/sound-city-real-to-reel-mw0002480578\|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 19, 2013, the group played with McCartney again during the encore of his [[Safeco Field]] [[Out There! Tour\|"Out There"]] concert in Seattle, the first time Nirvana members had performed together in their hometown in over 15 years.<ref>{{cite magazine\|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/paul-mccartney-playing-with-nirvanas-surviving-members-was-powerful-20130722\|title=Paul McCartney on Playing With Nirvana's Surviving Members\|last=Vozick-Levinson\|first=Simon\|date=July 22, 2013\|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]\|access-date=January 27, 2014\|archive-date=February 28, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228014112/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/paul-mccartney-playing-with-nirvanas-surviving-members-was-powerful-20130722\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.seattlepi.com/local/slideshow/Paul-McCartney-at-Safeco-Field-66721.php/ "Paul McCartney at Safeco Field"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720181317/http://www.seattlepi.com/local/slideshow/Paul-McCartney-at-Safeco-Field-66721.php \|date=July 20, 2013 }}. [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]. July 20, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013.</ref> Line 157: == Legacy == {{See also\|Alternative rock#Popularization in the 1990s\|label 1=Alternative rock: Popularization in the 1990s}} [[File:EMP Museum - Nirvana (15632245508).jpg\|thumb~~\|220x220px~~\|Nirvana articles at [[EMP Museum]] in [[Seattle]], Washington\|alt=]] Combined with their themes of [[abjection]] and alienation, Nirvana became hugely popular during their short tenure<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DbucAAAAQBAJ&q=nirvana&pg=PA339\|title=The 100 Most Influential Musicians of All Time\|date=2009\|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing\|location=Chicago, Illinois\|isbn=978-1-61530-056-3\|language=en\|access-date=November 18, 2020\|archive-date=May 5, 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505133945/https://books.google.com/books?id=DbucAAAAQBAJ&q=nirvana&pg=PA339\|url-status=live}}</ref> and are credited with bringing alternative rock to the mainstream.<ref name="billboard.com" /><ref name="10 years later">Olsen, Eric. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101208021650/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/4652653 "10 years later, Cobain lives on in his music"]. [[MSNBC]].com. Retrieved October 19, 2010.</ref> [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] of [[AllMusic]] wrote that prior to Nirvana, "alternative music was consigned to specialty sections of record stores, and major labels considered it to be, at the very most, a tax write-off". Following the release of ''Nevermind'', "nothing was ever quite the same, for better and for worse".<ref name="Nirvana bio">[[Stephen Thomas Erlewine\|Erlewine, Stephen Thomas]]. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nirvana-mn0000357406/biography "Nirvana Artist Biography"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714001350/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nirvana-mn0000357406/biography \|date=July 14, 2017 }}. [[AllMusic]]. Retrieved October 21, 2013.</ref> While other alternative bands had achieved hits, Nirvana "broke down the doors forever", according to Erlewine; the breakthrough "didn't eliminate the underground", but rather "just gave it more exposure".<ref name="American altrock">{{cite web \|last=Erlewine \|first=Stephen Thomas \|title=American Alternative Rock/Post-Punk \|url=http://allmusic.com/explore/essay/american-alternative-rock--post-punk-t578 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025110738/http://allmusic.com/explore/essay/american-alternative-rock--post-punk-t578 \|archive-date=2010-10-25 \|accessdate=January 18, 2011 \|website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> Erlewine also wrote that Nirvana "popularized so-called '[[Generation X]]' and '[[slacker]]' culture".<ref name="American altrock" /> Following Cobain's death, numerous headlines referred to Nirvana's frontman as "the voice of a generation", although he had rejected such labeling during his lifetime.<ref>{{cite news\|first=Frank\|last=Rich\|authorlink=Frank Rich\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/14/opinion/journal-far-from-nirvana.html\|title=Journal – Far From Nirvana\|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]\|date=April 14, 1994\|accessdate=January 17, 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320152025/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/14/opinion/journal-far-from-nirvana.html \|archive-date=March 20, 2012 }}</ref> Line 164: [[Michael Azerrad]] argued in his Nirvana biography ''[[Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana]]'' (1993) that ''Nevermind'' marked an epochal generational shift in music similar to the [[Rock and roll\|rock-and-roll]] explosion in the 1950s and the end of the [[Baby boomers\|baby boomer]] generation's dominance of the musical landscape. Azerrad wrote, "''Nevermind'' came along at exactly the right time. This was music by, for, and about a whole new group of young people who had been overlooked, ignored, or condescended to."<ref>Azerrad, 1994, p. 225</ref> [[Fugazi]] frontman [[Guy Picciotto]] said "It was like our record could have been a hobo pissing in the forest for the amount of impact it had ... It felt like we were playing ukuleles all of a sudden because of the disparity of the impact of what they did."<ref>Azerrad, 2001. p. 493</ref> Nirvana are one of [[list of best-selling music artists\|the best-selling bands]] of all time, having sold more than 75 million records.<ref name="cbc.ca">[~~http~~https://www.cbc.ca/news/~~arts/music/story/2009/03/21~~entertainment/nirvana-catalogue-to-be-released-on-vinyl-~~releases~~1.~~html~~799665 "Nirvana catalogue to be released on vinyl"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626005614/http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/music/story/2009/03/21/nirvana-vinyl-releases.html \|date=June 26, 2013 }}. CBC.ca. March 21, 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2012.</ref> With more than 28 million [[Recording Industry Association of America\|RIAA]]-certified units, they are also [[List of best-selling music artists in the United States\|one of the bestselling music artists in the United States]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php?content_selector=top-selling-artists\|title=Top-Selling Artists\|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA)\|access-date=May 30, 2021}}</ref> They have achieved 10 [[Top 40]] hits on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)\|Billboard]]'' [[Alternative Songs]] chart, including five number-ones.<ref name="billboard.com"/> Two of their studio albums and two of their live albums have reached the top spot on the [[Billboard 200\|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nirvana-mn0000357406/awards "Nirvana Awards"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229232159/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nirvana-mn0000357406/awards \|date=December 29, 2017 }}. AllMusic. Retrieved October 21, 2013.</ref> Nirvana have been awarded one diamond, three multiplatinum, seven platinum and two gold-[[Music recording sales certification\|certified albums]] in the United States by the RIAA,<ref>[https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=nirvana#search_section "Gold & Platinum database search: 'Nirvana'"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418011347/http://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=Nirvana#search_section \|date=April 18, 2016 }}. [[Recording Industry Association of America]]. Retrieved July 1, 2017.</ref> and four multiplatinum, four platinum, two gold and one silver-certified albums in the UK by the [[British Phonographic Industry\|BPI]].<ref>[http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx "Certified Awards"] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124005813/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx\|date=January 24, 2013}}. [[British Phonographic Industry]]. Retrieved October 23, 2013. '''Note''': In the "Search by parameters" section, user needs to (1) enter "Nirvana" in the "Keywords" field and (2) tick the "Exact match" box then (3) click the "Search" button.</ref> ''Nevermind'', their most successful album, has sold more than 30 million copies worldwide, making it one of the [[List of best-selling albums\|best-selling albums]] ever.<ref>Maloy, Sarah. [https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1176953/nirvanas-nevermind-20th-anniversary-editions-include-unreleased-recordings "Nirvana's 'Nevermind' 20th Anniversary Editions Include Unreleased Recordings, Alternate Mixes, More"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516204208/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1176953/nirvanas-nevermind-20th-anniversary-editions-include-unreleased-recordings \|date=May 16, 2019 }}. ''[[Billboard (magazine)\|Billboard]]''. July 26, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2013.</ref> Their most successful song, "Smells Like Teen Spirit", is among [[List of best-selling singles\|the bestselling singles]] of all time, having sold 8 million copies.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/8/newsid_3522000/3522702.stm "On This Day: 1994: Rock musician Kurt Cobain 'shoots himself'"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041150/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/8/newsid_3522000/3522702.stm \|date=September 24, 2014 }}. BBC. April 8, 1994. Retrieved October 23, 2013.</ref> == Awards and accolades == Line 179: '''Final lineup''' * [[Kurt Cobain]] – lead vocals, guitars (1987–1994; ~~died~~his ~~1994~~death) * [[Krist Novoselic]] – bass, occasional vocals (1987–1994), accordion (1993–1994)<ref>{{cite book \|title=MTV Unplugged In New York Liner Notes \|date=1 November 1994 \|publisher=DGC \|url=https://genius.com/Nirvana-mtv-unplugged-in-new-york-liner-notes-annotated\|access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref> * [[Dave Grohl]] – drums, backing vocals (1990–1994)<ref name="Nevermind Liner Notes">{{cite web \|title=Nevermind \|url=http://albumlinernotes.com/Nevermind.html \|website=Album Liner Notes \|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> Line 194: * [[Big John Duncan\|John Duncan]] – guitar (1993)<ref>{{cite web \|title=july 15, 1993 – 2nd floor, jukebox city, seattle, wa, us \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/sessions/home/july1415-1993.php \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> * [[Lori Goldston]] – cello (1993–1994) * [[Pat Smear]] – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1993–1994)<ref name="How pat Joined Nirvana">{{cite web \|title=How Pat Smear Joined Nirvana \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wCjNN6U_ec&ab_channel=TheHowardSternShow \|website=YouTube \| date=February 15, 2021 \|access-date=13 March 2023 \|quote="Nirvana at one point had another guitarist like in 1989 or 1990. This dude named Jason Everman was in the band for a bit" – Dave Grohl}}</ref> * [[Melora Creager]] – cello (1994)<ref>{{cite web \|title=february 5, 1994 – grupo dramático e sportivo de cacscais, cacscais, pt \|url=https://www.livenirvana.com/sessions/home/february05-1994.php \|website=Live Nirvana \|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> {{col-2}} '''Session musicians''' * [[Mark Pickerel]] – drums (1989)<ref name="endino_com">{{cite web \|last1=Endino \|first1=Jack \|title=Nirvana FAQ \|url=http://endino.com/nirvfaq.html \|website=Endino.com \|publisher=Jack Endino \|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> * [[Mark Lanegan]] – guitar (1989)<ref name="endino_com" /> * Kirk Canning – cello (1991)<ref name="Nevermind Liner Notes"/> * Kera Schaley – cello (1993)<ref>{{cite news \|last1=evanhlevine \|title=Interview: Kera Anne Schaley (Diaper, Martyr & Pistol) \|url=https://swanfungus.com/2010/03/interview-kera-anne-schaley-diaper-martyr-pistol/ \|access-date=29 October 2022 \|work=Swan Fungus \|issue=22 March 2010}}</ref> Line 347 ⟶ 348: {{Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album}} {{Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award}} {{MTV Video Music Award for Best Alternative Video}} {{MTV Video Music Award for Push Best New Artist}} {{2014 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}} Line 368 ⟶ 370: [[Category:Punk rock groups from Washington (state)]] [[Category:Sub Pop artists]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]