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{{Infobox person
| name = Hercules Mulligan
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1740|09|25}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Misencik|first1=Paul R.|title=The original American spies : seven covert agents of the Revolutionary War|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0786477944|page=92}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Coleraine]],
| death_date = {{death date and age |1825|3|4|1740|9|25|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[New York City]],
| spouse = {{marriage|Elizabeth Sanders Mulligan|October 27, 1773}}
| children = 3 sons, 5 daughters
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==Early life==
Born in [[Coleraine]] in the north of [[Ireland]] to Hugh and Sarah Mulligan, Hercules Mulligan immigrated with his family to North America in 1746, settling in [[New York City]], where he was raised from the age of six. Mulligan attended King's College,
On October 27, 1773, Mulligan
Mulligan was introduced to [[Alexander Hamilton]] shortly after Hamilton arrived in New York by Mulligan's brother, Hugh, and took him on as a lodger. Mulligan also knew the Crugers, Hamilton's patrons for whom he had clerked in [[St. Croix]], and helped Hamilton sell their cargo that was to be used for his education and upkeep.<ref name="Brookhiser">{{cite book|last1=Brookhiser|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Brookhiser|title=Alexander Hamilton, American|date=2000|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=0684863316|page=21,26|edition=1st Touchstone}}</ref> Mulligan helped Hamilton enroll at the Elizabethtown Academy [[grammar school]] in New Jersey to prepare for the College of New Jersey (now [[Princeton University]]), where he placed Hamilton under the wing of [[William Livingston]], a prominent local American revolutionary, with whom Hamilton lived for a while. Hamilton eventually enrolled at [[Columbia University|King's College]] instead, Mulligan's ''alma mater'' in New York City. Mulligan had a profound impact on Hamilton's desire for revolution.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Misencik|first1=Paul R.|title=The original American spies : seven covert agents of the Revolutionary War|date=2013|isbn=978-1476612911|pages=95–98|publisher=McFarland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnpkAgAAQBAJ|access-date=6 February 2016}}</ref>
==Involvement in the American Revolution==
While staying with the Mulligan family, [[Alexander Hamilton]] came to share Mulligan's views.
This proved to be incredibly successful, with Mulligan saving Washington's life on two occasions. The first occurred when a British officer, who requested a watch coat late one evening, told Mulligan of their plans: "Before another day, we'll have the rebel general in our hands." Mulligan quickly informed Washington, who changed his plans and avoided capture.<ref>{{cite
Mulligan's slave, [[Cato (spy)|Cato]], was a [[Black Patriot (American Revolution)|Black Patriot]] who served as a spy together with Mulligan, and often acted the role of courier, in part through British-held territory, by exploiting his status as a slave, letting him pass on intelligence to the Continental Army without being detained. In 1778, Cato was granted his freedom in return for his service during the war. He was discharged in 1783 and moved to [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Deetz|first=James F.|title=In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life: An Archaeology of Early American Life|publisher=Anchor Books|year=1998|location=New York|pages=189}}</ref>
==After the Revolutionary War==
Mulligan was cleared of suspicions of possible Loyalist sympathies after [[Evacuation Day (New York)|the British evacuated New York City and General Washington entered it]] at the end of the war, when Washington had breakfast with him on the day after.<ref>[[Ron Chernow|Chernow, Ron]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4iafgTEhU3QC&pg=PA185 ''Alexander Hamilton'']. New York: Penguin Books, 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-14-303475-9}}. Originally published New York, Penguin Press, 2004. p. 185.</ref>
On January 25, 1785, Mulligan, Alexander Hamilton, and [[John Jay]]<ref>Chernow, 2005, p. 214.</ref> became three of the 19 founders of the [[New York Manumission Society]], an early American organization founded to promote the [[abolitionism|abolition]] of slavery.
Following the Revolution, Mulligan's tailoring business prospered. He retired in 1820 and died in 1825, aged 84. Mulligan was buried in the Sanders tomb behind [[Trinity Church (Manhattan)|Trinity Church]]. When the church was enlarged, the Sanders tomb was covered. Today, there is a
== In popular culture ==
The Culper Ring is depicted in the fictionalized [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] American Revolutionary War spy thriller [[period drama]] series, ''[[Turn: Washington's Spies]]'', based on [[Alexander Rose (author)|Alexander Rose]]'s historical book ''[[Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring]]'' (2007).<ref name=Deadline>Andreeva, Nellie. [https://www.deadline.com/2013/07/tca-amc-picks-up-halt-catch-fire-turn-to-series/ ''AMC Picks Up ‘Halt & Catch Fire’ & ‘Turn’ To Series'']. Publisher: Deadline. Retrieved August 7, 2013.</ref> Mulligan and Cato are portrayed in the fourth and final season.<ref>{{cite web |title=TURN: Washington's Spies - Belly of the Beast |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6139218/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |website=imdb.com |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>
In the 2015 hit [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] musical ''[[Hamilton (musical)|Hamilton]]'' and its [[Hamilton (2020 film)|2020 film release]], Mulligan was portrayed by actor [[Okieriete Onaodowan]], who also played [[James Madison]].<ref name="playbill-2016">{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/production/hamilton-richard-rodgers-theatre-vault-0000014104 | title=Hamilton @ Richard Rodgers Theatre | work=[[Playbill]] | date=2016 |access-date=2018-03-16}}</ref> Mulligan appears in the first act of the play as a friend of [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[John Laurens]], and [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]], working as a tailor's apprentice and subsequently a soldier and spy in the American Revolution. He features prominently in the songs "[[Aaron Burr, Sir]]," [[The Story of Tonight|"The Story of Tonight" (and its reprises)]], and "[[Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)]]". Mulligan initially had a rap that explained his withdrawal from the army, which was eventually cut in order to elaborate on his role of spy in [[Yorktown campaign|Yorktown]].
==See also==
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[[Category:Columbia College (New York) alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]]
[[Category:
[[Category:American spies during the American Revolution]]
[[Category:American slave owners]]
[[Category:
[[Category:18th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:18th-century American artisans]]
[[Category:19th-century American Episcopalians]]
[[Category:18th-century tailors]]
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