FIFA: Difference between revisions

The '''Fédération Internationale de Football Association''' ({{literal translation|International Federation of Association Football}}), more commonly known by its acronym '''FIFA''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|f|ə}} {{respell|FEE|fə}}), is the international self-regulatory governing body of [[association football]], [[beach soccer]], and [[futsal]]. It was founded in 1904<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/history/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516094922/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/history/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 May 2015 |title=History of FIFA - Foundation |work=FIFA |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> to oversee international competition among the national associations of [[Royal Belgian Football Association|Belgium]], [[Danish Football Union|Denmark]], [[Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques|France]], [[German Football Association|Germany]], the [[Royal Dutch Football Association|Netherlands]], [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|Spain]] (represented by the [[Real Madrid CF|Madrid Football Club]]), [[Swedish Football Association|Sweden]], and [[Swiss Football Association|Switzerland]]. Headquartered in [[Zürich]], Switzerland, its membership now comprises [[List of FIFA Member Associations|211 national associations]]. These national associations must also be members of one of the six regional confederations: [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] (Africa), [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] (Asia and Australia), [[UEFA]] (Europe), [[CONCACAF]] (North & Central America and the Caribbean), [[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] (Oceania), and [[CONMEBOL]] (South America).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-08 |title=Fédération Internationale de Football Association - Filmcircle |url=http://filmcircle.com/federation-internationale-de-football-association/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008195647/http://filmcircle.com/federation-internationale-de-football-association/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-10-08 |access-date=2024-06-06 }}</ref>

The need for a single body to oversee association football became increasingly apparent at the beginning of the 20th century with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in the rear of the headquarters of the [[Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques]] (USFSA) at the Rue Saint Honoré 229 in Paris on 21 May 1904.<ref>{{Citecite web |title=History of FIFA - Foundation |url=httphttps://www.fifa.com/classicfootballabout-fifa/who-we-are/history/fifa/foundationindex.html |title=FIFA.com |date=25 December 2012 |websiteurl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2012122502584120150516094922/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootballabout-fifa/historywho-we-are/fifahistory/foundationindex.html |archive-date=2516 DecemberMay 20122015 |urlaccess-statusdate=dead15 June 2018 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> The French name and acronym are universally adopted outside French-speaking countries. The founding members were the national associations of [[Royal Belgian Football Association|Belgium]], [[Danish Football Union|Denmark]], [[French Football Federation|France]], [[Royal Dutch Football Association|the Netherlands]], Spain (represented by then-[[Real Madrid CF]]; [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|the Royal Spanish Football Federation]] was not created until 1913), [[Swedish Football Association|Sweden]] and [[Swiss Football Association|Switzerland]].

FIFA now permits the use of video evidence during matches, as well as for subsequent sanctions. However, for most of FIFA's history it stood opposed to its use.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2005/jan/05/newsstory.sport8 |title=Fifa rules out video evidence |date=5 January 2005 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=29 November 2009 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220154213/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2005/jan/05/newsstory.sport8 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 1970 meeting of the [[International Football Association Board]] "agreed to request the television authorities to refrain from any slow-motion play-back which reflected, or might reflect, adversely on any decision of the referee".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ssbra.org/html/laws/IFABarc/pdf/1970/1970min.pdf |title=Minutes of the AGM |author=IFAB |publisher=Soccer South Bay Referee Association |location=Inverness |date=27 June 1970 |access-date=29 November 2009 |page=§&nbsp;5(i) |no-pp=y|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430093219/http://ssbra.org/html/laws/IFABarc/pdf/1970/1970min.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2011}}</ref> As recently as 2008 FIFA president Sepp Blatter said: "Let it be as it is and let's leave [football] with errors. The television companies will have the right to say [the referee] was right or wrong, but still, the referee makes the decision – a man, not a machine."<ref>{{cite news |url=httphttps://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/story/2008/03/08/fifa-halts-instant-replay-experiment-1.html695604 |work=[[CBC News]] |title=FIFA halts instant replay experiment |date=8 March 2008 |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-date=2 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902164916/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/story/2008/03/08/fifa-instant-replay.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This stance was finally overturned on 3 March 2018, when the IFAB wrote [[video assistant referee]]s (also known as VARs) into the Laws of the Game permanently.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic step for greater fairness in football |url=http://www.theifab.com/news/historic-step-for-greater-fairness-in-football |publisher=IFAB |access-date=6 July 2018 |date=3 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721225556/http://www.theifab.com/news/historic-step-for-greater-fairness-in-football |archive-date=21 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Their use remains optional for competitions.

In early July 2012 FIFA sanctioned the use of goal-line technology, subject to rules specified by the [[International Football Association Board]] (IFAB), who had officially approved its use by amending the [[Laws of the Game (association football)|Laws of the Game]] to permit (but not require) its use.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bailey |first=Graeme |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/7870900/goal-line-technology-approved |title=Goal-line technology approved |publisher=[[Sky Sports]] |date=6 July 2012 |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707011231/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/7870900/goal-line-technology-approved |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/media-tiles/about-goal-line-technology/ |title=About Goal-line Technology |publisher=FIFA |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140841/https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/media-tiles/about-goal-line-technology/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This followed a high-profile incident during a second-round game in the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] between England and Germany, where a shot by Englishman [[Frank Lampard]], which would have levelled the scores at 2–2 in a match that ultimately ended in a 4–1 German victory, crossed the line but was not seen to do so by the match officials, which led FIFA officials to declare that they would re-examine the use of [[goal-line technology]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Coomber |first=Michael |url=httphttps://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/fifaworldcup/news/story/2010/06/29/sp-fifa-boss-to-consider-video-replay-1.html964232 |title=FIFA boss to consider video replay |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=29 June 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511131031/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/fifaworldcup/news/story/2010/06/29/sp-fifa-video.html |url-status=live }}</ref>