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| family = {{ubl|Count Lecter (father)|Simonetta Lecter ([[née#Maiden and married names|née]] [[Sforza]]) (mother)|Mischa Lecter (younger sister)}}
| title = {{ubl|Dr. Hannibal Lecter|[[Count]] Hannibal Lecter VIII}}
| relatives = {{ubl|Count Robert Lecter (uncle)|Lady Murasaki (aunt-by-marriage)|Balthus (cousin)<ref>{{cite web |first=Eugen|last=Weber|title=Guess Who's Coming To Dinner? |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-20-bk-48200-story.html |website=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |date=20 June 1999 |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref>}}
| significant_others = {{ubl|Lady Murasaki|Rachel DuBerry|[[Clarice Starling]] (novels)|Alana Bloom (TV series)|[[Will Graham (character)|Will Graham]] (TV series)|[[Bedelia Du Maurier]] (TV series)<!-- Per discussion, "Will Graham" is presently to be included and further discussion is open. -->}}
}}
'''Dr. Hannibal
Lecter first appeared in a small role as a [[villain]] in Harris' 1981 [[thriller (genre)|thriller]] novel ''[[Red Dragon (novel)|Red Dragon]]'', which was adapted into the film [[Manhunter (film)|''Manhunter'']] (1986), with [[Brian Cox (actor)|Brian Cox]] as Lecter (spelled "Lecktor"). Lecter had a larger role in ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (novel)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'' (1988); the [[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|1991 film adaptation]] starred [[Anthony Hopkins]] as Lecter, for which he won the [[Academy Award for Best Actor]]. Hopkins reprised the role for the [[Hannibal (2001 film)|2001 adaptation]] of the 1999 novel ''[[Hannibal (Harris novel)|Hannibal]],'' which sees Lecter evading recapture, and for a [[Red Dragon (2002 film)|second adaptation of ''Red Dragon'']] in 2002.
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== Inspiration ==
Working as a journalist for ''[[Argosy (magazine)|Argosy]]'' magazine in the 1960s, [[Thomas Harris]] traveled to Mexico to interview an American mental patient, Dykes Askew Simmons, who was being detained at Nuevo León State Prison in [[Monterrey]] for three murders. While jailed, Simmons had been shot by a prison guard, once in each calf, and he was treated by a skilled "prison-doctor" whom Harris had referred to as "Dr. Salazar". Harris described him as a "small, lithe man with dark red hair" who "stood very still" with "a certain elegance about him"; their interview eventually took a dark turn, Harris said, when Salazar started talking about “the nature of torment”. A prison guard later informed Harris that Salazar was, in fact, a convicted murderer who could "package his victim in a surprisingly small box".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Valdez|first=Maria G.|date=July 29, 2013|title=Thomas Harris, 'Silence Of The Lambs' Author, Reveals Hannibal Lecter Was Inspired By Real Life Mexican Doctor|url=https://www.latintimes.com/thomas-harris-silence-lambs-author-reveals-hannibal-lecter-was-inspired-real-life-129778|access-date=November 12, 2020|website=Latin Times|language=en}}</ref> Salazar inspired Harris to create a character with a "peculiar understanding of the criminal mind".<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Doctor Balli.jpg|thumb|left|Doctor Alfredo Ballí Treviño, a convicted murderer, was the inspiration for Lecter.]]
Salazar is believed to be Alfredo Ballí Treviño, the last criminal to be condemned to death in Mexico, in 1959.<ref name=":0" /> Ballí was a surgeon and physician from an upper-class family who had murdered his colleague and
In her book ''Evil Serial Killers'', [[Charlotte Greig]] asserts Lecter was inspired at least in part by the serial killer [[Albert Fish]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Charlotte|last=Grieg|title=Evil Serial Killers: In the Minds of Monsters|publisher=Arcturus Publishing|location=London, England|date=2009|isbn=978-1841932897|page=27}}</ref> Greig also states that, to explain Lecter's pathology, Harris borrowed the possibly apocryphal story of serial killer and cannibal [[Andrei Chikatilo]]'s brother Stepan being kidnapped and eaten by starving neighbors.<ref>Grieg, pg. 102</ref> The location of the book ''[[Hannibal (Harris novel)|Hannibal]]'' was inspired by the [[Monster of Florence]] and, while preparing the book, Harris traveled to [[Italy]] and was present at the trial of the main suspect, [[Pietro Pacciani]].<ref>{{cite web | first=Douglas | last=Preston | title=The Monster of Florence | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/07/the-monster-of-florence/304981/ | work=[[The Atlantic]] |
==Character==
Hannibal Lecter is a child of [[Lithuanian nobility]] and of the [[Visconti of Milan|Visconti]] and [[House of Sforza|Sforza]] families of [[Italy]], and he is also a [[Human cannibalism|cannibalistic]] [[serial killer]]. He is highly intelligent and cultured, with refined tastes and impeccable manners. He is deeply offended by rudeness, and often kills people who exhibit bad manners; according to the novel [[Hannibal (Harris novel)|''Hannibal'']], he "prefers to eat the rude".<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Clarke |first=Cath |date=October 13, 2017 |title=An old friend for dinner ... why we're not scared of Hannibal Lecter any more |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/13/an-old-friend-for-dinner-why-were-not-scared-of-hannibal-lecter-any-more |access-date=November 17, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, England |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Hopkins described Lecter as the "[[Robin Hood]] of killers", who kills "the terminally rude".<ref name="actor">{{cite news|last=Rose|authorlink=Charlie Rose|first=Charlie|date=30 January 2001|title=60 Minutes: Actors' Take On Ridley Scott|work=[[CBS News]]|url=
In the novel ''[[Red Dragon (novel)|Red Dragon]]'', the protagonist, [[Will Graham (character)|Will Graham]], says that psychologists refer to Lecter as a [[Antisocial personality disorder|sociopath]] "because they don't know what else to call him". Graham says "he has no remorse or guilt at all", and tortured animals as a child, but he does not exhibit any of the [[Macdonald triad|other criteria]] traditionally associated with sociopathy. Asked how he himself would describe Lecter, Graham responded, "he's a monster. I think of him as one of those pitiful things that are born in hospitals from time to time. They feed it, and keep it warm, but they don't put it on the machines and it dies. Lecter is the same way in his head, but he looks normal and nobody could tell."<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas|last=Harris|author-link=Thomas Harris|title=Red Dragon|publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons]]|location=New York City|date=1988|page=67|quote=He's a monster. I think of him as one of those pitiful things that are born in hospitals from time to time. They feed it, and keep it warm, but they don't put it on the machines and it dies. Lecter is the same way in his head, but he looks normal and nobody could tell.}}</ref>
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In the backstory of the 1981 novel ''[[Red Dragon (novel)|Red Dragon]]'', [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] profiler [[Will Graham (character)|Will Graham]] interviews Lecter about one of his patients who was murdered by a serial killer, before intuiting that Lecter is the culprit; he sees the antique medical diagram "[[Wound Man]]" in Lecter's office, and remembers that the victim suffered the same injuries depicted in the drawing. Realizing that Graham is on to him, Lecter creeps up behind Graham and stabs him with a [[linoleum knife]], nearly disemboweling him.
Graham survives, but is so traumatized by the incident that he takes early retirement from the FBI. Lecter is charged with a series of nine murders, but is found [[not guilty by reason of insanity]]. He is institutionalized in the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane under the care of Dr. [[Frederick Chilton]], a pompous, incompetent
Some years later, Graham comes out of retirement and consults Lecter in order to catch another serial killer, [[Francis Dolarhyde]], known by the nickname "the Tooth Fairy". Through the [[classifieds]] of a [[Tabloid journalism|tabloid]] called ''The National Tattler'', Lecter provides Dolarhyde with Graham's home address; Dolarhyde later uses this information to break into Graham's home, stab him in the face, and threaten his family before Graham's wife Molly shoots him dead. At the end of the novel, Lecter sends Graham a letter, saying that he hopes Graham "won't be very ugly".
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Verger enlists the help of Rinaldo Pazzi, a disgraced Italian police inspector, and Paul Krendler, a corrupt [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] official and Starling's boss. Lecter kills Pazzi and returns to the United States to escape Verger's [[Sardinia]]n henchmen, only to be captured. Starling follows them, intent on apprehending Lecter personally, and is injured in a gunfight with Verger's henchmen. Lecter escapes, thanks to Starling's help, and persuades Verger's younger sister Margot—his former patient, whom Verger had [[Child molestation|molested]] and [[rape]]d years earlier—to kill her brother, promising to take the blame.
Lecter rescues the wounded Starling and takes her to his rented house on the Chesapeake shore to treat her, subjecting her to a regimen of [[classical conditioning|behavioral conditioning]] and [[psychoactive drug]]s
Three years later, former orderly Barney,
====''Hannibal Rising''====
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''Red Dragon'' was first adapted to film in 1986 as the [[Michael Mann]] film ''[[Manhunter (film)|Manhunter]]'', although the spelling of Lecter's name was changed to "'''Lecktor'''". He was played by actor [[Brian Cox (actor)|Brian Cox]].<ref>{{cite interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccPeC-uRI2c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ccPeC-uRI2c| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|last=Cox |first=Brian |subject-link=Brian Cox (actor) |interviewer=[[Terry Wogan]] |title=Brian Cox: Interview (Manhunter)|work=Wogan Now and Then |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=London, England |date=March 10, 2009 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> Cox based his performance on Scottish serial killer [[Peter Manuel]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=James|last=Mottram|title=Manhunter|journal=[[Total Film]]|publisher=[[Future Publishing]]|location=Bath, England|date=January 20, 2011|issue=177|pages=112–116}}</ref>
In 1991, [[Orion Pictures]] produced a [[Jonathan Demme]]-directed adaptation of ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'', in which Lecter was played by actor [[Anthony Hopkins]]. Hopkins' Academy Award-winning performance made Lecter into a cultural icon. In 2001, ''[[Hannibal (Harris novel)|Hannibal]]'' was adapted to film, with Hopkins reprising his role. In the [[Hannibal (2001 film)|film adaptation]], the ending is revised: Starling attempts to apprehend Lecter, who escapes after cutting off his own hand to free himself from her handcuffs. In 2002, ''Red Dragon'' was adapted again, this time [[Red Dragon (2002 film)|under its original title]], with Hopkins again as Lecter and [[Edward Norton]] as [[Will Graham (character)|Will Graham]]. Hopkins wrote a screenplay for another sequel, ending with Starling killing Lecter.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ann|last=Oldenburg|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/2002-10-03-red-dragon-cover_x.htm|title=Marquee names serve up another helping of Hannibal|work=[[USA Today]]
In late 2006, the novel ''[[Hannibal Rising]]'' was [[Hannibal Rising (film)|adapted into a film]], which portrayed Lecter's development into a serial killer. In the film, which was finished by 2007, eight-year-old Lecter is portrayed by Aaran Thomas, while [[Gaspard Ulliel]] portrays him as a young man. Both the novel and film, as well as Ulliel's performance as Lecter, received generally negative reviews.<ref>{{Rotten Tomatoes|qid=Q3114616|title=Hannibal Rising}}</ref> In an interview Hopkins stated that he was approached about a narrative role in the film but declined the offer.
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{{main|Hannibal (TV series)}}
[[File:Mads Mikkelsen Cannes 2013 2.jpg|thumb|Mikkelsen at the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
In February 2012, [[NBC]] gave a series order to ''Hannibal'', a television adaptation of ''Red Dragon'' to be written and executive-produced by [[Bryan Fuller]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Natalie|last=Abrams|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/NBC-Hannibal-Notorious-Pilot-1043405.aspx|title=Pilot Season: NBC Orders Hannibal Straight to Series; Also Picks Up Notorious|magazine=[[TV Guide]]
Fuller commented on Mikkelsen's version of Lecter <blockquote>What I love about Mads' approach to the character is that, in our first meeting, he was adamant that he didn't want to do Hopkins or Cox. He talked about the character not so much as 'Hannibal Lecter the cannibal psychiatrist', but as [[Satan]] – this [[fallen angel]] who's enamoured with mankind and had an affinity for who we are as people, but was definitely not among us – he was [[other (philosophy)|other]]. I thought that was a really cool, interesting approach, because I love science fiction and horror and – not that we'd ever do anything deliberately to suggest this – but having it subtextually play as him being [[Lucifer]] felt like a really interesting kink to the series. It was slightly different than anything that's been done before and it also gives it a slightly more epic quality if you watch the show through the prism of, 'This is Satan at work, tempting someone with the apple of their psyche'. It appealed to all of those genre things that get me excited about any sort of entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|first=Morgan|last=Jeffery|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/ustv/interviews/a478343/bryan-fuller-hannibal-qa-lecter-is-like-satan-at-work.html|title=Bryan Fuller 'Hannibal' Q&A: 'Lecter is like Satan at work'|website=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|location=London, England|date=May 3, 2013|access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref></blockquote>
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===In other media===
Lecter is the subject of the 1998 song "Hannibal (Se) Lectah" by [[The Skalatones]].<ref>''The Best Tracks so Far'' (Pork Pie, 1998).</ref> Lecter is parodied in the 2005 [[Musical theatre|musical]] ''[[Silence! The Musical]]'', with the character being originated by actor [[Brent Barrett]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Blank|first=Matthew|date=June 5, 2011|title=PHOTO CALL: Brent Barrett and Jenn Harris in Silence! The Musical|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/photo-call-brent-barrett-and-jenn-harris-in-silence-the-musical-com-180642|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620172843/https://www.playbill.com/article/photo-call-brent-barrett-and-jenn-harris-in-silence-the-musical-com-180642|archive-date=June 20, 2020|access-date=June 20, 2020|magazine=[[Playbill (magazine)|Playbill]]|language=en}}</ref> Lecter was depicted by ''[[Epic Rap Battles of History]]'' in the episode "[[Jack the Ripper vs. Hannibal Lecter|Jack the Ripper Vs. Hannibal Lecter]]", in which Lecter ([[Lloyd Ahlquist]]) raps against [[Jack the Ripper]] ([[Dan Bull]]).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barkan|first=Jonathan|date=December 1, 2014|title=Jack The Ripper Vs. Hannibal Lecter!|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3322908/jack-ripper-vs-hannibal-lecter/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620172621/https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3322908/jack-ripper-vs-hannibal-lecter/|archive-date=June 20, 2020|access-date=June 20, 2020|website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Lecter is often mentioned in songs by Detroit rapper [[Eminem]] such as "[[Medicine Ball (Eminem song)|Medicine Ball]]" and "[[Underground (Eminem song)|Underground]]". In the music video for "[[You Don't Know (Shady Records song)|You Don't Know]]", he references Lecter by wearing the character's iconic straitjacket and muzzle, and making lip-licking noises.
[[Donald Trump]] has repeatedly mentioned Hannibal Lecter at rallies during his [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|2024 presidential campaign]], referring to him as "The late, great Hannibal Lecter", speaking of him in the present tense and at times associating migrants coming into the United States with the fictional character, saying that they are being let out of "insane asylums" similar to that in which Lecter was detained, thereafter fleeing to the United States.<ref>{{Cite web | first=David |last=Mouriquand| date=July 19, 2024 |title=What is it with Donald Trump's obsession with Hannibal Lecter? |url=https://www.euronews.com/culture/2024/07/19/what-is-it-with-donald-trumps-obsession-with-hannibal-lecter |access-date=July 20, 2024 |website=[[Euronews]] |language=en}}</ref>
==See also==
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