South Papua: Difference between revisions

| name = South Papua

| native_name = {{lang|id|Papua Selatan}}

| official_name = Province of South Papua

| image_skyline =

| image_alt =

| image_caption =

| image_shield = Lambang Papua Selatan.png

| shield_alt =

| motto = {{native phrase|id|Maju Negeriku}}"<br>"Onward My Country"

| image_map = Papua Selatan in Indonesia.svg

| map_alt =

| map_caption = {{centre|{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=red}} '''South Papua''' in {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} '''[[Indonesia]]'''}}

| pushpin_map =

| pushpin_map_caption =

| coordinates =

| coordinates_footnotes =

| subdivision_type1 =

| subdivision_name1 =

| seat_type = Capital

| seat = [[Salor (city)|Salor]], [[Merauke Regency|Merauke]]

| seat2_type = Largest city

| seat2 = [[Merauke]], [[Merauke =Regency|Merauke]]

| government_type =

| governing_body = South Papua Provincial Government

| leader_title = Governor

| leader_name = [[ApoloRudy Safanpo]]Sufahriadi (''Acting'')

| leader_title2 = Vice Governor

| leader_name2 = ''Vacant''

| area_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Papua Selatan Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.93)</ref>

| area_total_km2 = 129715.02

| elevation_m =

| elevation_min_m =

| population_total = 537973

| population_as_of = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Papua Selatan Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.93)</ref>

| population_footnotes = =

| population_density_km2 = auto

| demographics_type1 = [[Languages of Indonesia|Languages]]

| demographics1_title1 = Official language

| demographics1_info1 = [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]

| demographics1_title2 = [[Papuan languages|Native languages of South Papua]]

| demographics1_info2 = [[Asmat language|Asmat]], [[Boazi language|Boazi]], [[Citak language|Citak]], [[Kolopom languages|Kolopom]], [[Korowai language|Korowai]], [[Marind language|Marind]], [[Mombum language|Mombum]], [[Muyu language|Muyu]], [[Wambon language|Wambon]], [[Yaqay language|Yaqay]], and others

| demographics1_title3 = Also spoken

| demographics1_info3 = [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Papuan Malay]], and others

| demographics_type2 = Demographics

| demographics2_title1 = [[Religion in Indonesia|Religions]]

| demographics2_info1 = {{ubl|[[Christianity]] 72.54%|–[[Catholicism]] 49.93%|–[[Protestantism]] 22.61%| [[Islam]] 27.31%| [[Hinduism]] 0.11%| [[Buddhism]] 0.04%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2022|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|access-date=31 July 2022|format=visual|language=id}}</ref>}}

| demographics2_title2 = [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|Ethnic groups]]

| demographics2_info2 = [[Asmat people|Asmat]], [[Kombai people|Kombai]], [[Korowai people|Korowai]], [[Marind people|Marind]], [[Marori people|Marori]], [[Sawi people|Sawi]], [[Wambon people|Wambon]] (natives), [[Javanese people|Javanese]] (migrant), and others

| timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Eastern Time]]

| utc_offset1 = +9

| area_code =

| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]]

| website = {{URL|https://papuaselatan.go.id/}}

| footnotes =

| type = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province with special status]]

| elevation_max_m =

| established_date = <!-- DO NOT FILL THIS COLUMN BEFORE IT IS DECIDED IN PERGUB (GOVERNOR REGULATION)-->

| established_title = Established

| image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=5}}{{hidden end}}

| image_flag = <!-- Flag don't displayed (vectorised) as per a [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Indonesia/Archive 9#Province infobox photos.svg..|consensus]] at WikiProject Indonesia -->

}}

'''South Papua''', officially the '''South Papua Province''' ({{lang-id|Provinsi Papua Selatan}}),<ref name="Aditra 2022">{{cite web |last=Aditra |first=Irsul Panca |date=2022-04-07 |editor-last=Agriesta |editor-first=Dheri |title=RUU Pemekaran Provinsi di Papua Disetujui, Ketua Tim PPS Tolak Usulan Nama Provinsi Anim Ha |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/04/07/151927778/ruu-pemekaran-provinsi-di-papua-disetujui-ketua-tim-pps-tolak-usulan-nama |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> is an Indonesian [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] located in the southern portion of [[Western New Guinea|Papua]], following the borders of the Papuan customary region of '''Anim Ha'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Santoso |first1=Bangun |last2=Ardiansyah |first2=Novian |date=2022-06-30 |title=DPR Sahkan RUU DOB, Papua Kini Punya 3 Provinsi Baru: Papua Selatan, Papua Tengah Dan Papua Pegunungan |url=https://www.suara.com/news/2022/06/30/130506/dpr-sahkan-ruu-dob-papua-kini-punya-3-provinsi-baru-papua-selatan-papua-tengah-dan-papua-pegunungan |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=suara.com |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Utama |first=Felldy |others=[[iNews]] |location=[[Jakarta]] |publisher=Okezone |date=2022-06-30 |title=Usai RUU DOB Papua Disahkan, Ini Perintah Mendagri Buat Bupati Papua Selatan: Okezone Nasional |url=https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/06/30/337/2621179/usai-ruu-dob-papua-disahkan-ini-perintah-mendagri-buat-bupati-papua-selatan |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Nasional Okezone|language=id-ID}}</ref> Formally established on 11 November 2022 and including the four most southern regencies that were previously part of the province of [[Papua (province)|Papua]] and before 11 December 2002 had comprised a larger [[Merauke Regency]], it covers a land area of 129,715.02&nbsp;km², about the same area as [[Pennsylvania]] (or 90% of that of [[England]]). This area had a population of 513,617 at the 2020 Census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> while the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 537,973,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Papua Selatan Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.93)</ref> making it the least populous province in Indonesia.

It shares land borders with the [[sovereignseparate state]]nation of [[Papua New Guinea]] to the east, as well as the Indonesian provinces of [[Highland Papua]] and [[Central Papua]] to the north and northwest, respectively. South Papua also faces the [[Arafura Sea]] in the west and south, which is a [[maritime border]] with Australia. [[Merauke]] is the economic centre of South Papua, while its administrative centre is the town of [[Salor (city)|Salor]] located in Kurik District of [[Merauke Regency]], around 60&nbsp;km northwest of Merauke town.<ref name="Jimar 2023">{{cite news |last=Jimar |first=Syarif |date=2023-02-02 |title=Melihat Kota Terpadu Mandiri Salor, Pusat Pemerintahan Provinsi Papua Selatan |language=id |work=Tribun-papua.com |editor-last=Abaa |editor-first=Gratianus Silas Anderson |url=https://papua.tribunnews.com/amp/2023/02/02/melihat-kota-terpadu-salor-pusat-pemerintahan-provinsi-papua-selatan |access-date=2023-02-04}}</ref>

South Papua landscape predominantly consists of lowland areas characterized by extensive swamps and massive rivers such as the Digul and Maro. Indigenous ethnic group inhabiting this region for example [[Asmat people|Asmat]], Marind, Muyu, and Korowai. They rely on sago and fish as staple dietary sources. Certain tribes like Asmat were recognized for its wood carving and boating culture. There is also massive amount of migrant like [[Javanese people]] because of [[transmigration program]] sponsored by the government to convert vast amount of swamps into [[rice paddy]] and increase this region's population. South Papua is also home to the renowned [[Wasur National Park]], an expansive [[wetland]] area with rich biodiversity including [[agile wallaby]], [[mound-building termites]] or ''musamus'', and the [[Bird-of-paradise|bird of paradise]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://penghubung.papua.go.id/5-wilayah-adat/anim-ha/|title=PROFIL WILAYAH ADAT ANIM HA|website=papua.go.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621021634/https://penghubung.papua.go.id/5-wilayah-adat/anim-ha/|archive-date=2022-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mongabay.co.id/2015/10/21/kala-cendrawasih-terus-jadi-incaran-pemburu/|title=Kala Cendrawasih Terus jadi Incaran Pemburu|date=2015-10-21|website=mongabay.co.id|last=Batbual|first=Agapitus|access-date=2022-07-03|archive-date=2022-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703122346/https://www.mongabay.co.id/2015/10/21/kala-cendrawasih-terus-jadi-incaran-pemburu/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mongabay.co.id/2022/04/04/mengenal-rayap-yang-membangun-katedral-di-merauke/|title=Mengenal Rayap yang Membangun "Katedral" di Merauke|date=2022-04-04|website=mongabay.co.id|last=Paino|first=Christopel|access-date=2022-07-03|archive-date=2022-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703122413/https://www.mongabay.co.id/2022/04/04/mengenal-rayap-yang-membangun-katedral-di-merauke/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mongabay.co.id/2014/09/03/walabi-minyak-kayu-putih-dari-taman-nasional-wasur/|title=Walabi, Minyak Kayu Putih dari Taman Nasional Wasur|date=2014-09-03|website=mongabay.co.id|last=Batbual|first=Agapitus|access-date=2022-07-03|archive-date=2022-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703122346/https://www.mongabay.co.id/2014/09/03/walabi-minyak-kayu-putih-dari-taman-nasional-wasur/}}</ref>

The wetland region of South Papua, before the arrival of Europeans, was home to several indigenous tribes. These tribes included the [[Asmat people|Asmat]], [[Marind people|Marind]] and Wambon, who still maintain their ancestral traditions in the area. [[Marind people|The Marind tribe]], also known as the Malind, lived in groups along the rivers in the Merauke region, and their way of life centered around [[hunting]], [[hunter and gatherer|gathering]], and [[Agriculture|farming]]. However, the Marind tribe was also notorious for their practice of [[headhunting]]. They would travel in boats along the rivers and coasts to distant settlements, where they would behead the inhabitants. The heads of their victims would then be taken back to their villages to be preserved and celebrated.<ref name = "Melintas">{{Cite journal|title=Spiritualitas dan Transformasi|journal=Melintas|url=https://journal.unpar.ac.id/index.php/melintas/article/view/3087|last=Daeli|first=Onesius Otenieli|issue=1|volume=34|publisher=Fakultas Filsafat UNPAR|year=2018|pages=96–110 |doi=10.26593/mel.v34i1.3087.96-110 |s2cid=151288950 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Pengangkatan Anak Adat dalam Suku Malind di Kabupaten Merauke|language=id|journal=Jurnal Restorative Justice|url=https://ejournal.unmus.ac.id/index.php/hukum/article/download/3621/1975/|last1=Sinaga|first1=Jaya|issue=1|volume=5|last2=Fenetiruma|first2=Raymond|publisher=Fakultas Hukum Universitas Musamus|year=2021|last3=Pelu|first3=Handika|doi=10.35724/jrj.v5i1.3621 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name = "Kombai 1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kombai.nl/2022/01/25/31-pengayauan-1-marind/|title=Pengayauan Marind|date=2022-01-25|access-date=2022-07-01|last=J.P.D.Groen|website=kombai.nl|language=id}}</ref>

In the 19th century, European powers began to colonize the island of [[New Guinea]]. The island was divided along a straight line, with the western portion falling under the jurisdiction of the [[Dutch New Guinea]] region and the eastern portion becoming [[British New Guinea]]. Marind people often crossed the border to engage in headhunting activities. In 1902, the Dutch established a military base at the eastern tip of South Papua, near the [[Maro River]], to strengthen the border and eliminate this tradition. This base was named [[Merauke]], after its location. The Dutch also established a [[mission (Christian)|Catholic mission]] in Merauke to spread their religion and to further discourage the practice of headhunting. During the Dutch colonial period, the [[Javanese people]] were brought to Merauke to cultivate rice fields. This influx of laborers further contributed to the growth of the town and the development of the surrounding region. Eventually, it became the capital of Afdeeling Zuid Nieuw Guinea or the South New Guinea Province.<ref name = "Melintas" /><ref name ="Kombai 1" />

In addition to the [[Maro River]], the Dutch also became aware of another, larger river known as the [[Digul River]]. In the 1920s, the Dutch government sent an expedition to explore the interior of Papua. The idea emerged to use the remote region as a detention camp, and a suitable location was identified at the headwaters of the Digul River or Boven-Digoel. A [[Boven-Digoel concentration camp|concentration camp]] called [[Tanahmerah|Tanah Merah]] was established, it was a densely forested area surrounded by the harsh Digul River, making it difficult for prisoners to escape. Additionally, the region was plagued by [[malaria]], which further discouraged escape attempts. Over the years, several notable figures were detained at the camp, including [[Mohammad Hatta]] and [[Sutan Sjahrir]]. After the Dutch left in the 1960s, Tanah Merah became more populated and eventually became the capital of the [[Boven Digoel Regency]].<ref name ="Kombai 1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bovendigoelkab.go.id/halaman/sejarah|title=Sejarah Boven Digoel|language=id|access-date=2022-07-01|publisher=Pemerintah Kabupaten Boven Digoel}}</ref><ref name="Kombai 2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kombai.nl/2020/12/08/belanda-masuk-kali-digul/|title=Belanda Masuk Kali Digul|date=2020-12-08|access-date=2022-07-01|last=J.P.D. Groen|website=kombai.nl|language=id}}</ref>

In the 1960s, Indonesian forces took control of all of Dutch New Guinea, including the former Zuid Nieuw Guinea. Following the takeover, the territory was reorganized, and the former Zuid Nieuw Guinea became the [[Merauke Regency]], with its capital located in [[Merauke]]. On 11 December 2002, the Merauke Regency was further divided into four separate regencies: Merauke, [[Mappi Regency|Mappi]], [[Asmat Regency|Asmat]], and Boven Digoel. These regencies were established to better serve the needs of the local populations and provide more effective governance across the region. More recently, on 25 July 2022, the former territory of the Merauke Regency was officially re-united with other regions in southern Papua to form the new province of South Papua, following the signing of Law No. 14/2022. The name "South Papua" (''Papua Selatan'') was chosen instead of "Anim Ha" due to the latter term's historical origins during Dutch rule and its potential to be demeaning to other tribes in southern Papua. In contrast, "South Papua" was selected as an inclusive and unifying name that avoids any negative connotations and reflects the diverse and vibrant cultural heritage of the region.<ref name="Aditra 2022"/> The public reception towards South Papua was far more positive compared to the other new provinces of [[Central Papua]] and [[Highland Papua|Highlands Papua]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Utama |first=Felldy |others=[[iNews]] |location=[[Jakarta]] |date=2022-06-30 |title=Tak Ada Konflik Merauke Jadi Ibu Kota Provinsi Papua Selatan, Bupati: Sudah Sepakat Dari Awal: Okezone Nasional |url=https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/06/30/337/2621162/tak-ada-konflik-merauke-jadi-ibu-kota-provinsi-papua-selatan-bupati-sudah-sepakat-dari-awal |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Okezone |language=id-ID}}</ref> with residents spreading a giant [[Indonesian flag]] in front of the regent office of Merauke after the province's establishment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manupapami |first=Fuci |editor-last=Hartik |editor-first=Andi |location=[[Merauke Regency|Merauke]] |publisher=Kompas Cyber Media |date=2022-06-30 |title=Warga di Merauke Bentangkan Bendera Raksasa Sambut Pengesahan RUU Provinsi Papua Selatan |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/06/30/220616378/warga-di-merauke-bentangkan-bendera-raksasa-sambut-pengesahan-ruu-provinsi |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref>

In 2007, the Regent of Merauke, [[John Gebze]], spearheaded the initiation of the Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE), a large-scale development project aimed at enhancing Indonesia's food security. Situated in Merauke, an area renowned for its extensive lowland and fertile terrain, the project sought to capitalize on the region's vast land for agricultural purposes. Originally dubbed the Merauke Integrated Rice Estate (MIRE), with a primary focus on [[rice]] cultivation, the initiative later broadened its scope to encompass additional crops such as sugar cane, corn, and oil palm. Officially inaugurated in 2010 during the presidency of [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]], the project garnered participation from numerous private investors. However, its progression faced significant challenges, stemming from divergent perspectives among government entities, investors, and the indigenous Marind community, who held land rights in the area. Furthermore, mounting pressure from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) decrying the project as a violation of indigenous rights and environmental degradation prompted a cessation of new land development activities by the involved companies.<ref name="mediaBPP">{{Cite journal|title=SWASEMBADA PANGAN DI MERAUKE|journal=MediaBPP: Jendela Informasi Kelitbangan|url=http://litbang.kemendagri.go.id/website/data/media/2016-01.pdf|issue=1|volume=15|pages=25|publisher=Kementerian Dalam Negeri|year=2016|access-date=2022-07-30|archive-date=2022-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701210319/http://litbang.kemendagri.go.id/website/data/media/2016-01.pdf}}</ref><ref name="journal IPB">{{Cite journal|title=Percepatan Pengembangan Food Estate untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan dan Kemandirian Pangan Nasional|journal=Jurnal Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian Dan Lingkungan|url=https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jkebijakan/article/view/10290|last=Santosa|first=Edi|issue=2|volume=1|publisher=IPB University|year=2014|access-date=2022-07-30|archive-date=2022-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809082320/https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jkebijakan/article/view/10290}}</ref><ref name="mongabay">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mongabay.co.id/2017/08/10/cerita-warga-minta-plasma-kala-korindo-moratorium-buka-lahan-sawit-di-papua/|title=Cerita Warga Minta Plasma Kala Korindo Moratorium Buka Lahan Sawit di Papua|date=2017-08-10|access-date=2022-07-30|website=mongabay.co.id|last1=Sapariah|first1=Saturi|last2=Paino|first2=Christopel|last3=Batbual|first3=Agapitus|archive-date=2022-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809074945/https://www.mongabay.co.id/2017/08/10/cerita-warga-minta-plasma-kala-korindo-moratorium-buka-lahan-sawit-di-papua/}}</ref> During the time of President [[Joko Widodo]], the Food Estate project was revived in various regions with 200,000 hectares of land designated for Papua Island. The main commodities are corn and rice and are located, among others, in Mappi, Boven Digoel and Merauke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cenderawasihpos.jawapos.com/lintas-papua/merauke/05/06/2022/merauke-ditetapkan-salah-satu-kawasan-food-estate-di-indonesia/|title=Merauke Ditetapkan Salah Satu Kawasan Food Estate di Indonesia|date=2022-06-05|access-date=2022-07-30|website=Cenderawasih Pos|archive-date=2022-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808081517/https://cenderawasihpos.jawapos.com/lintas-papua/merauke/05/06/2022/merauke-ditetapkan-salah-satu-kawasan-food-estate-di-indonesia/}}</ref>

Additionally, there is a smaller but unique ecoregion called [[Trans-Fly savanna and grasslands]] which are part of [[Wasur National Park]], a [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]] wetland of international importance.<ref name="Ramsar">[http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Database/Searchforsites/tabid/765/language/en-US/Default.aspx Ramsar Sites Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223201426/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Database/Searchforsites/tabid/765/language/en-US/Default.aspx |date=23 February 2012 }}, retrieved 30 October 2009</ref> This ecoregion consists of [[swamp forest]], coastal forest, and vast savanna that are flooded at various times, creating a wetland area with massive biodiversity like [[agile wallaby]], [[mound-building termites]] or ''musamus'', and the [[Bird-of-paradise|bird of paradise]]. This wetland also attracts migratory bird for example [[magpie goose]] from Australia, also known locally as ''Boha Wasur''.<ref name=oneearth/><ref name="Indo MoF">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101229045750/http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/TN%20INDO-ENGLISH/wasur_NP.htm Indonesian Ministry of Forestry], retrieved 2009-10-30</ref>

=== AdministrativeGovernment and administrative divisions ===

Hunting as practiced by [[Marind people]] usually begins with a traditionally controlled burn of peat bog and swamps, it was then left for three days to a week for new shoots to grow, which will invite game animals such as deer, pigs, ''saham'' (''[[Notamacropus agilis]]''). The hunting party consists of usually of 7-8 people, then go to the burned locations while bringing food and drink, ranging from tubers, sago, to drinking water, for several days. A temporary hut called ''bivak'' would be constructed from barks from ''Bus'', a type of eucalyptus tree to form the walls and the roof made from [[Borassus flabellifer|Lontar]] leaves.<ref name="Kobun 2020">{{cite web | last=Kobun | first=Frans L| title=I Papua | website=Tanah Papua No.1 News Portal | date=2020-06-29 | url=https://jubi.co.id/papua-tradisi-suku-marind-kaliki-membakar-dahulu-berburu-kemudian/ | access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> As with many coastal communities from the Moluccas to Papua, ''Sasi'' is practiced, which are markers usually constructed from wood and [[Coconut|janur]] to mark the prohibition of harvesting either from land or sea for a while to preserve natural resources and for sustainable harvest.<ref name="Adiningsih 2021">{{cite web | last=Adiningsih | first=Yulia | title=Tradisi Sasi, Cara Unik Papua Menjaga Laut Panjang Umur | website=gaya hidup | location=[[Jakarta]] | publisher=[[CNN Indonesia]] | date=2021-06-13 | url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20210611225656-269-653397/tradisi-sasi-cara-unik-papua-menjaga-laut-panjang-umur | language=id | access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> To open and close ''sasi'' regions such as forests, usually the [[Marind people|Marind-Kanume]] mark with two arrows shot to the west and to the east to respect three clans that inhabited the area as well as other rituals which can take up to forty days. Violators of the prohibition would be punished with payment of ''Wati'' leaves and pigs. Failure of payments will result in referral to local security officers to be put on trial.<ref name="BumiPapua 2018">{{cite web | last=Syah| first=Abdel | title=Ritual Sasi Suku Marin Kanume di Merauke | website=kumparan | date=2018-06-01 | url=https://kumparan.com/bumi-papua/ritual-sasi-suku-marin-kanume-menjaga-alam | language=id | access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>