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{{short description|American scholar and author}}
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{{Infobox person/Wikidata | fetchwikidata=ALL}}
'''Russell John Rickford''' (born {{circa|1975}}<!-- listed as 28 years old in article written Feb 2004 --><ref name=Nakao>{{cite web |url=https://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Pride-and-prejudice-A-young-author-looks-back-2792483.php |title=Pride and prejudice / A young author looks back at the tragedy -- and triumph -- of Betty Shabazz's life |last=Nakao |first=Annie |date=February 22, 2004 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=November 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406084440/https://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Pride-and-prejudice-A-young-author-looks-back-2792483.php |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>) is an American scholar and activist who is an associate professor in the [[Cornell University Department of History|History Department]] at [[Cornell University]]. He has written the only in-depth biography on [[Betty Shabazz]]
Rickford's research focuses on the black radical tradition and on black liberal culture after [[World War II]]. He lectures on American social and political history, among other subjects.<ref name=Cornell>{{cite web |title=Russell Rickford {{!}} Department of History |url=https://history.cornell.edu/russell-rickford |website=history.cornell.edu |access-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101202526/https://history.cornell.edu/russell-rickford |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Early life==▼
Born in [[Guyana]], Rickford grew up in [[Palo Alto, California]].<ref name=Nakao /> His mother, Angela E. Rickford, is a professor of [[Special Education]] at [[San Jose State University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sjsu.edu/people/angela.rickford/ |title=San Jose State University Directory |publisher=[[San Jose State University]] |access-date=November 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006135933/https://www.sjsu.edu/people/angela.rickford/ |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the author of ''I Can Fly: Teaching Narratives and Reading Comprehension to African Americans and other Ethnic Minority Students.''<ref name=HKBU2011>{{cite web |url=http://lc.hkbu.edu.hk/doc/promotion/20111121_lc_english_seminar.pdf |title=Bio. Angela E. Rickford |date=November 2011 |publisher=[[Hong Kong Baptist University]] |access-date=November 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406084440/http://lc.hkbu.edu.hk/doc/promotion/20111121_lc_english_seminar.pdf |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His father, [[John R. Rickford]], an authority on [[African-American Vernacular English]] and the author of numerous books and scholarly articles, teaches [[linguistics]] at [[Stanford University]].<ref name=Nakao/> Russell Rickford attended [[Gunn High School]] in Palo Alto and won a [[National Merit Scholarship]].<ref name=Nakao/><ref name=Eymer>{{cite web |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2004/2004_02_06.russell6ja.shtml |title=More than a widow |last=Eymer |first=Rick |date=February 6, 2004 |work=[[Palo Alto Weekly]] |access-date=November 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031150349/http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2004/2004_02_06.russell6ja.shtml |archive-date=October 31, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>▼
▲==Early life and education==
He went on to study [[journalism]] at [[Howard University]], where he also served as [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] president for two years and wrote for ''[[The Hilltop (newspaper)|The Hilltop]]''.<ref name=JohnRickford>{{cite web |url=http://aalbc.com/books/spoken_soul.htm |title=Why Spoken Soul means more to me than any book I've written |last=Rickford |first=John Russell |date=January 22, 2000 |publisher=[[AALBC.com]] |access-date=November 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104085655/https://aalbc.com/books/spoken_soul.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rickford earned his [[bachelor's degree]] ''[[magna cum laude]]'' in 1997.<ref name=Nakao/><ref name=JohnRickford/>▼
▲Born in [[Guyana]], Rickford grew up in [[Palo Alto, California]].<ref name=Nakao /> His mother, Angela E. Rickford, is a professor of [[Special Education]] at [[San Jose State University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sjsu.edu/people/angela.rickford/ |title=San Jose State University Directory |publisher=[[San Jose State University]] |access-date=November 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006135933/https://www.sjsu.edu/people/angela.rickford/ |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the author of ''I Can Fly: Teaching Narratives and Reading Comprehension to African Americans and other Ethnic Minority Students.''<ref name=HKBU2011>{{cite web |url=http://lc.hkbu.edu.hk/doc/promotion/20111121_lc_english_seminar.pdf |title=Bio. Angela E. Rickford |date=November 2011 |publisher=[[Hong Kong Baptist University]] |access-date=November 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406084440/http://lc.hkbu.edu.hk/doc/promotion/20111121_lc_english_seminar.pdf |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His father, [[John R. Rickford]], an authority on [[African-American Vernacular English]] and the author of numerous books and scholarly articles, teaches [[linguistics]] at [[Stanford University]].<ref name=Nakao/>
Rickford attended [[Gunn High School]] in Palo Alto and won a [[National Merit Scholarship]].<ref name=Nakao/><ref name=Eymer>{{cite web |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2004/2004_02_06.russell6ja.shtml |title=More than a widow |last=Eymer |first=Rick |date=February 6, 2004 |work=[[Palo Alto Weekly]] |access-date=November 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031150349/http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2004/2004_02_06.russell6ja.shtml |archive-date=October 31, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
▲He went on to study [[journalism]] at [[Howard University]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where he also served as [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] president for two years and wrote for ''[[The Hilltop (newspaper)|The Hilltop]]''.<ref name=JohnRickford>{{cite web |url=http://aalbc.com/books/spoken_soul.htm |title=Why Spoken Soul means more to me than any book I've written |last=Rickford |first=John Russell |date=January 22, 2000 |publisher=[[AALBC.com]] |access-date=November 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104085655/https://aalbc.com/books/spoken_soul.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rickford earned his [[bachelor's degree]] ''[[magna cum laude]]'' in 1997.<ref name=Nakao/><ref name=JohnRickford/>
==Career==
Rickford
===Early works===
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In 2002, Rickford enrolled at [[Columbia University]], studying for a master's degree in [[African-American studies]] under [[Manning Marable]].<ref name=TheRoot2011>{{cite web |url=https://www.theroot.com/a-eulogy-for-manning-marable-1790863386 |title=A Eulogy for Manning Marable |last=Rickford |first=Russell |date=April 4, 2011 |work=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |access-date=April 29, 2018 }}</ref><ref name=DartmouthCollegeKing>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~mlk/calendar/what_matters.html |title=What Matters to Me and Why? |date=January 18, 2011 |publisher=[[Dartmouth College]] |access-date=November 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121043323/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~mlk/calendar/what_matters.html |archive-date=2012-01-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Between 2003 and 2004, he contributed research to Marable's [[Malcolm X]] Project and, according to Marable, "was instrumental in setting up many oral histories and interviews" with Malcolm X's contemporaries.<ref name=MarableMalcolmX>{{cite book|author=Manning Marable|title=Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LO3OvdrIW5wC&pg=PT4|access-date=November 26, 2011|date=April 4, 2011|publisher=Penguin Books Ltd|isbn=978-0-7139-9895-5|page=492}}</ref> Marable credited Rickford with coining the term "Malcolmology" to describe the way in which African Americans rediscovered Malcolm X as a cultural icon after he was embraced by major [[hip-hop]] artists of the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name=MarableSouls>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/pdfs/marable_souls_mx.pdf |title=Rediscovering Malcolm X's Life: A Historian's Adventures in Living History |last=Marable |first=Manning |work=Souls |volume=7 |issue=1 |date=Winter 2005 |pages=24–29 |access-date=November 26, 2011 }}</ref> Rickford completed his doctorate in history at Columbia in 2009.<ref name=DartmouthCollegeKing/> His dissertation won that year's Bancroft Dissertation Award. His research concerns African-American politics after the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. In an interview, he said he was trying to answer the question, "Why did [[black nationalism]] become increasingly conservative towards the end of the 20th century?"<ref name=Baum>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2009/11/despite-cuts-new-profs-join-college-faculty |title=Despite cuts new profs. join College faculty |last=Baum |first=Ann |date=November 10, 2009 |work=[[The Dartmouth]] |access-date=June 20, 2018 }}</ref>
Rickford joined the [[Dartmouth College|Dartmouth]] faculty in 2009,<ref name=Baum/> moving to Cornell in 2014. In early 2011, he edited a collection of writings by Marable entitled ''Beyond Boundaries''.<ref name=Watson>{{cite web |url=http://diverseeducation.com/article/14988/ |title=Manning Marable Remembered as Public Intellectual and Activist |last=Watson |first=Jamal Eric |date=April 5, 2011 |work=Diverse Issues in Higher Education |access-date=November 14, 2011 }}</ref> Described by his former mentor as "one of the most talented and insightful" members of a new generation of black intellectuals,<ref name=Marable2011>{{cite book|author=Manning Marable|editor=Russell Rickford|title=Beyond Boundaries: The Manning Marable Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPvUQgAACAAJ|access-date=November 26, 2011|date=April 30, 2011|publisher=Paradigm Publishers|isbn=978-1-59451-861-4|page=vii}}</ref> In 2016, Rickford completed a history of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] private schools during the [[Black Power]] era titled ''[[We Are an African People]]: Independent Education, Black Power, and the Radical Imagination''.<ref name=Cornell/>
==Controversy ==
In October 2023, a video was publicized of Rickford speaking at an October 15 rally in support of Palestinians after the [[2023 Hamas attack on Israel]],<ref name="Quinn 2023">{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Ryan |title=Cornell Leaders Condemn Prof. 'Exhilarated' by Hamas Attack |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2023/10/18/cornell-leaders-condemn-prof-exhilarated-hamas-attack |access-date=25 October 2023 |work=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=October 18, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Anderson 2023">{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Nick |title=War in Mideast inflames college campuses and raises fears of antisemitism |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/10/18/university-israel-hamas-college-tensions/ |access-date=24 October 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=18 October 2023}}</ref> where according to ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'', he referred to the massacre of more than 1,400 Israelis on Oct 7 by the terrorist group as a "challenge to the monopoly of violence."<ref name="Nanu 2023">{{cite news |last1=Nanu |first1=Maighna |title=Ivy League professor: Hamas attack was 'exhilarating' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/17/israel-hamas-attack-was-exhilarating-ivy-league-professor/ |access-date=24 October 2023 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=17 October 2023}}</ref> He also said "It was exhilarating".<ref name="Nanu 2023"/><ref name="Anderson 2023"/><ref name="Touré 2023">{{cite news |last1=Touré |first1=Madina |last2=Cordero |first2=Katelyn |title=Why colleges are struggling with their response to the Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/21/colleges-israel-hamas-war-00122845 |access-date=25 October 2023 |work=[[Politico]] |date=21 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Cornell officials condemned his remarks.<ref name="Anderson 2023"/><ref name="Quinn 2023"/><ref name="Levenson 2023">{{cite news |last1=Levenson |first1=Eric |title=Debate over the Israel-Gaza war has raised tensions -- and the stakes -- on college campuses |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/19/us/israel-palestinians-university-debate/index.html |access-date=24 October 2023 |work=[[CNN]] |date=19 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Touré 2023"/>
==Personal life==
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