Labour Party (UK): Difference between revisions

| leader4_name = [[DavidHollie EvansRidley (political officialacting)|David Evans]]

| leader5_name = [[Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon|The Baroness Smith of Basildon]]

| founded = {{start date and age|1900|02|27|df=yes|br=yes}}{{sfn|Brivati|Heffernan|2000|ps=: "On 27 February 1900, the Labour Representation Committee was formed to campaign for the election of working class representatives to parliament."}}{{sfn|Thorpe|2008|p=8}}<br>(as the [[Labour Representation Committee (1900)|Labour Representation Committee]])

| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]{{refn|<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/04/europe/uk-election-europe-populist-surge-intl/index.html |title=As Europe turns right, why has a center-left party won by a landslide in the UK? |publisher=[[CNN]] |first=Luke |last=McGee |date=5 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705023128/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/04/europe/uk-election-europe-populist-surge-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=Europe's Center-Left Can Learn a Lot From Scholz, Sanchez and Starmer |date=20 September 2023 |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-sanchez-scholz-germany/ |publisher=[[World Politics Review]] |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184116/https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-sanchez-scholz-germany/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto3"/>{{sfn|Budge|2008|pp=26–27|}}}}

| seats9_title = [[Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom|Councillors]]{{ref label|b|nb}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://opencouncildata.co.uk/ |title=Open Council Data UK – compositions councillors parties wards elections |website=opencouncildata.co.uk |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430183531/http://opencouncildata.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

| flag = Labour Party Flag (UK).png

The '''Labour Party''' is a [[social democracy|social democratic]] [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party in the United Kingdom]] that sits on the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] of the political spectrum.<ref>{{Cite news |lastlast1=Abou-Chadi |firstfirst1=Tarik |last2=Gingrich |first2=Jane |date=2021-05-09 |title=It’sIt's not just in Britain – across Europe, social democracy is losing its way |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/09/not-just-britain-across-europe-social-democracy-losing-way |access-date=2024-07-17 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233645/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/09/not-just-britain-across-europe-social-democracy-losing-way |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Britain’sBritain's Labour Party embraces supply-side social democracy |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2023/10/11/britains-labour-party-embraces-supply-side-social-democracy |access-date=2024-07-17 |worknewspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=18 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718054136/https://www.economist.com/britain/2023/10/11/britains-labour-party-embraces-supply-side-social-democracy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarkson |first=Alexander |date=2023-09-20 |title=Europe’sEurope's Center-Left Can Learn a Lot From Scholz, Sanchez and Starmer |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-sanchez-scholz-germany/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=World Politics Review |language=en-US |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184116/https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-sanchez-scholz-germany/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In a broader sense, the party has been described as an alliance of [[social democrats]], [[democratic socialists]] and [[trade union]]ists.<ref name="Worley2009">{{cite book|author=Matthew Worley|title=The Foundations of the British Labour Party: Identities, Cultures and Perspectives, 1900–39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fki0YScKbA8C&pg=PA1|year=2009|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-6731-5|pages=1–2}}</ref> It is the [[Government of the United Kingdom|governing party of the United Kingdom]], having won the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]], and is currently the largest political party by number of votes cast and number of seats in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]. There have been seven Labour [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|prime ministers]] and fourteen Labour [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|ministries]]. The party traditionally holds the annual [[Labour Party Conference]] during [[party conference season]], at which senior Labour figures promote party policy.

Labour is the largest party in the [[Senedd]] (Welsh Parliament), being the only party in the [[GethingEluned Morgan government|current Welsh government]]. The party won most Scottish seats in the 2024 general election. Labour is a member of the [[Party of European Socialists]] and the [[Progressive Alliance]], and holds observer status in the [[Socialist International]]. The party includes semi-autonomous [[London Labour|London]], [[Scottish Labour|Scottish]], [[Welsh Labour|Welsh]] and [[Labour Party in Northern Ireland|Northern Irish branches]]; it supports the [[Social Democratic and Labour Party]] (SDLP) in Northern Ireland, while still organising there. {{As of|March 2024}}, Labour has 366,604 registered members.

The Labour Party was formed by unions and left-wing groups to create a distinct political voice for the working class in Britain. In 1900 the [[Trades Union Congress]] (TUC), an umbrella body for most unions, sponsored a national conference to unite into a single party that would sponsor candidates for the House of Commons. The conference created the [[Labour Representation Committee (1900)|Labour Representation Committee]] (LRC), as a coalition of separate groups with [[Ramsay MacDonald]] as secretary. The fearsome issue for labour was the 1901 [[Taff Vale Rly Co v Amalgamated Society of Rly Servants|Taff Vale]] legal decision which made most strikes illegal; the urgent goal was to get Parliament to reverse it. The LRC cut a secret deal with the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]]: they would not compete against each other in the [[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906 general election]].<ref>Frank Bealey, "The Electoral Arrangement between the Labour Representation Committee and the Liberal Party," ''Journal of Modern History'' 28#4 (1956), pp. 353–373 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1871799 in JSTOR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701112156/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1871799 |date=1 July 2024 }}</ref> Voters gave the Liberals a landslide with 397 seats out of 664; the new LRC won 29 seats. The LRC renamed itself "The Labour Party,", with veteran MP Keir Hardie narrowly winning the role of leader of the [[Parliamentary Labour Party]] (PLP).<ref>Pugh, ''Speak for Britain!'', pp. 52–68.</ref>

The Labour Party's first national conference in Belfast in 1907 helped shape many of its key policies. Never fully resolved was the puzzle of where the final decisions ought to lie—in the annual conference? the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP)? The local chapters? The Trade Union Congress (which brought together the heads of most unions)? The conference created a "conscience clause" allowing diversity of opinions rather than a rigid orthodoxy. Irish politics proved to be so different that the Party simply quit Ireland and worked only in England, Scotland and Wales. In 1908–1910 the Party supported the momentous and largely successful Liberal battles in favor of a welfare state and against the Unionist/Conservative Party and against the veto power of the House of Lords. Growth continued, with 42 Labour MPs elected to the House of Commons in the December 1910 general election. During World War I, the party experienced internal divisions over support for the war effort, but also saw one of its top leaders [[Arthur Henderson]], serve in the powerful war cabinet.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230595583_2 |doi=10.1057/9780230595583_2 |chapter=Out of the bowels of the Movement: The Trade Unions and the Origins of the Labour Party 1900–18 |title=The Labour Party |date=2000 |last1=Taylor |first1=Robert |pages=8–49 |isbn=978-0-333-74650-9 |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233623/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230595583_2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1925-261925–26, coal sales fell and the mining companies demanded an increase in hours and a cut in wages. The miners were totally opposed and planned a strike. The TUC coalition of unions decided it would support the miners by a nationwide general strike that would paralyze most of the national economy. A strike was postponed when the Conservative government offered a subsidy for wages, but it also prepared to deal with the threatened general strike. Meanwhile, the TUC failed to make preparations. It ignored the Labour Party in and out of Parliament and in turn party leaders opposed a national strike. The [[1926 United Kingdom general strike|1926 general strike]] failed after 9 days as the government plan devised by Winston Churchill proved highly effective in keeping the economy open while minimizing violence. In the long run, however, the episode tended to strengthen working class support for Labour, and it gained in the 1929 general election, forming a second government with Liberal help.<ref>Marquand, ''Ramsay Macdonald'' (1977), pp. 422–440, 483–488.</ref>

With Liberal help again MacDonald became prime following the successful [[1929 United Kingdom general election|1929 election]]. There were some promising achievements in foreign policy, notably the [[Young Plan]] that seemed to resolve the issue of German reparations, and the [[London Naval Treaty]] of 1930 that limited submarine construction.<ref>Paul W. Doerr, ''British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939'' (1998) pp.106–107, 119–120.</ref> Some minor legislation was passed, notably a [[Housing Act 1930|noncontroversial expansion of new public housing]]. Overnight in October 1929 the world economy plunged into the [[Great Depression in the United Kingdom|Great Depression]], and no party had an answer as tax revenue plunged, unemployment doubled to 2.5 million (in late 1930), prices fell, and government spending on unemployment benefits soared. Conditions became much worse in 1931 as the banks became unable to loan the government enough to cover the growing deficit. In an era before Keynesian economics, the strong consensus among experts was for the government to balance its budget. <ref>Hugh Dalton, ''Principles of public finance'' (1954) p. 213–220 [https://archive.org/details/principlesofpubl0000dalt/page/213/mode/1up online]. </ref>

Spending was cut again and again but MacDonald and his [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden|Philip Snowden]] argued that the only way to get an emergency loan from New York banks was to cut unemployment benefits by 10%. They pointed out that cost of food was down 15% and overall prices were down 10%. But in the cabinet most Labour members were vehemently opposed--theyopposed—they demanded new taxes on the rich instead. MacDonald gave up and on 23 August went to King [[George V]] and resigned the government. Unexpectedly the monarch insisted that the only patriotic solution was for MacDonald to stay and form an all-party "national government" with the Conservatives, which he did the next day. The Labour Party felt betrayed and expelled MacDonald and Snowden.

The new [[National Government (1931)|National Government, 1931–1935]] kept Macdonald and Snowden and two others, replacing the rest of the Laborites with Conservatives. The [[1931 United Kingdom general election|1931 election took place on 27 October.]] Labour had 6.3 million votes (31 percent), down from 8.0 million and 37 percent in 1929. Nevertheless, it was reduced to a helpless minority of only 52 members, chiefly from coal mining districts. The old leadership was gone. One bright note came in 1934 when [[Herbert Morrison]] led Labour to take control of the [[London County Council]] for the first time ever.<ref>Pelling, ''A Short History of the Labour Party,'' pp.63–79.</ref><ref> R. Bassett, ''Nineteen thirty-one political crisis'' (1958) pp. 127–182. [https://archive.org/details/nineteenthirtyon0000bass/page/n5/mode/2up online]</ref>

In the [[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935 election]], Labour recovered to 8.0 million votes (38 percent), and [[Clement Attlee]] became Minority Leader. The Party now had 154 seats but had minimal influence in Parliament. At the local level union leaders, led by [[Ernest Bevin]], successfully defeated Communist infiltration.<ref> Andrew Thorpe, ''Britain in the 1930s'' (1992) pp. 41–49.</ref> In foreign policy a strong pacifist element made it slow to support the government's rearmament program. As the threat from [[Nazi Germany]] escalated, the Party gradually abandoned its pacifist stance and came to support re-armament, largely due to the efforts of Bevin and [[Hugh Dalton]]. By 1937 they had persuaded the Party to oppose [[Neville Chamberlain]]'s policy of [[European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry|appeasement of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy]].<ref>Pelling, ''A Short History of the Labour Party,'' pp.79–87.</ref><ref>L. C. B. Seaman, ''Post-Victorian Britain: 1902-1951'' (1966) pp. 205–246.</ref> However, as late as April 1939 the Party strongly opposed conscription for the Army.<ref>Kenneth Harris, ''Attlee'' (1982) pp.161–162.</ref>

The party returned to power in May 1940, with about a third of the seats in the [[Churchill war ministry|wartime coalition government]] under Churchill. Attlee was given a new position as [[Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Deputy Prime Minister]]. He was in charge of the cabinet when Churchill was absent, and handled domestic affairs, working closely with Bevin as [[Secretary of State for Employment|Minister of Labour]].<ref>John Bew, ''Clement Attlee'' (2017) pp.245–336.</ref> The war set in motion profound demands for reform. This mood was epitomised in the [[Beveridge Report]] of 1942, by the Liberal economist [[William Beveridge]]. The ''Report'' assumed that the maintenance of full employment would be the aim of post-war governments, and that this would provide the basis for the [[welfare state]]. Immediately upon its release, it sold hundreds of thousands of copies. All major parties committed themselves to fulfilling this aim, but the Labour Party was seen by the electorate as the party most likely to follow it through.<ref>Steven Fielding, "What did 'the people' want?: the meaning of the 1945 general election". ''Historical Journal'' 35#3 (1992): 623–639 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639633 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302033054/http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639633 |date=2 March 2017 }}.</ref>

Nationalisation primarily affected weak and poorly managed industries, opening the hope that centralized planning would reverse the decline. Iron and steel, however, were already well-run and nationalization was denounced and later reversed by the Conservatives.<ref>John Singleton, "Labour, the Conservatives and nationalisation." in ''The political economy of nationalisation in Britain, 1920–1950'' (1995): 13-33. </ref>

The economy was precarious during the age of austerity, as wartime restrictions and rationing continued, and the wartime bombing damage was slowly being rebuilt at great cost.<ref> David Kynaston, ''Austerity Britain, 1945–1951'' (2008)</ref> The Treasury depended heavily on American money, especially [[Anglo-American loan|the 1946 loan of $3.75 billion]] at a low 2% interest rate, and the gift of $2.694 billion in [[Marshall Plan#United Kingdom|Marshall Plan]] funds. Canada also provided gifts and $1.25 billion in loans.<ref>Derek H. Aldcroft, ''The British Economy: Volume 1 The Years of Turmoil, 1920-1951'' (1986) pp.206, 209. [https://archive.org/details/isbn_0710801149 online].</ref> <ref>Michael J. Hogan, ''The Marshall Plan: America, Britain and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952'' (Cambridge Up, 1987), pp. 29, 31, 48, 82–84.</ref><ref>Kenneth O. Morgan, ''Labour in Power, 1945-1951'' (1984) pp.270–272, 366.</ref><ref>Norman Moss, ''Picking up the Reins: America, Britain and the Postwar World''(Duckworth, 2008) pp.131–151.</ref>

The government began the process of dismantling the [[British Empire]], starting with independence to India and Pakistan in 1947, followed by Burma (Myanmar) and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) the following year. It [[Mandatory Palestine|relinquished its control over Palestine]] to the United Nations in 1948.<ref>Bew, ''Clement Attlee'' (2017) pp. 426–443.</ref> Elsewhere independence movements were much weaker and London's policy was to keep the Empire in business.<ref>John Darwin. "The Crisis of Empire, 1945–48." in ''Britain and Decolonisation: The retreat from empire in the post-war world'' (1988): 69-125.</ref>

Under [[Ernest Bevin]]'s leadership, London pushed Washington into an anti-Communist coalition that launched the [[Cold War]] in 1947 and established the [[NATO]] military alliance against the USSR in 1949.<ref>Robert Frazier, "Did Britain Start the Cold War? Bevin and the Truman Doctrine" ''The Historical Journal'' (1984) 27#3:715-727. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00018045 </ref> Furthermore, independent of Washington London committed large sums to developing a secret [[Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom|nuclear weapons programme]].<ref>Richard Gott, “The Evolution of the Independent British Deterrent.” ''International Affairs'' 39#2 (1963), pp. 238–52. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2611300. </ref>

In the [[1951 United Kingdom general election|1951 general election]], Labour narrowly lost to Churchill's Conservatives, despite receiving the larger share of the popular vote. Its 13.9 million vote total was the highest ever. Most of its innovation were accepted by the Conservatives and Liberals and became part of the "[[post-war consensus]]" that lasted until the Thatcher era of the 1980s.<ref>Brian Harrison, “The Rise, Fall and Rise of Political Consensus in Britain since 1940.” ''History'' 84#274 (1999), pp. 301–24. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/24424417 online]</ref>

[[File:Hugh Gaitskell MPHugh_Todd_Naylor_Gaitskell.PNGjpg|thumb|[[Hugh Gaitskell]], Leader of the Opposition (1955–1963).|219x219pxupright]]

Labour spent 13 years in opposition. It suffered an ideological split, between the left-wing followers of [[Aneurin Bevan]] (known as [[Bevanites]]) and the right-wing following [[Hugh Gaitskell]] (known as [[Gaitskellites]]). The economy recovered as Conservatives hung together and chanted, "You Never Had It So Good.".<ref>Jeremy Black, '' A history of Britain: 1945 to Brexit'' ( Indiana University Press, 2017) p. 130.</ref>.<ref>Peter Hennessy, ''Having it so good: Britain in the fifties'' (Penguin UK, 2007).</ref> The ageing Attlee contested the [[1955 United Kingdom general election| general election in 1955]], which saw Labour lose ground; he retired and was replaced by Gaitskell. Internal squabbling now focused on the issues of [[nuclear disarmament]], Britain's entry into the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), and [[Clause IV]] of the Labour Party Constitution, with its commitment to nationalisation. Gaitskell led Labour to a third consecutive defeat at the [[1959 United Kingdom general election|1959 general election]] despite the party appearing more united than it had been for some time. Gaitskell responded by attempting to remove Clause IV (the nationalisation clause) from the party constitution, but this was unsuccessful. Gaitskell died suddenly in 1963, and cleared the way for [[Harold Wilson]] to lead the party.<ref>Alastair J. Reid and Henry Pelling, ''A Short History of the Labour Party'' (12th ed. 2005) pp.94–103 [https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofla0000reid/mode/2up online].</ref>

[[File:President Gerald Ford and British Prime Minister Harold Wilson (crop).jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Harold Wilson]], Prime Minister (1964–1970 and 1974–1976)]]

A downturn in the economy and a series of scandals in the early 1960s had engulfed the Conservative government by 1963. The Labour Party returned to government with a 4-seat majority under Wilson in the [[1964 United Kingdom general election|1964 general election]] but a landslide increased its majority to 96 in the [[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966 general election]].<ref>Ben Pimlott, ''Harold Wilson'' (HarperCollins, 1992) pp.282–309, 395–404. [https://archive.org/details/haroldwilson0000piml online]</ref><ref>David E. Butler, and Anthony King, ''The British General Election of 1966'' (1966) pp.1-22 [https://archive.org/details/britishelectiono0000butl online]. </ref>

Labour was responsible for a number of sweeping social and cultural reforms mostly under the leadership of [[Home Secretary]] [[Roy Jenkins]] such as the abolishmentabolition of the [[Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965|death penalty]] in 1965; the legalisation of [[Abortion in the UnitedAct Kingdom1967|abortion]]; loosening restrictions on [[Sexual Offences Act 1967|homosexuality]]; and, the abolition of [[Theatres Act 1968|theatre censorship]], inand 1968.legislation to [[Race Relations Act 1965|outlaw racial discrimination]]<ref>Peter Dorey, "Social and Sexual Liberalisation," in Andrew S. Crines and Kevin Hickson, eds., ''Harold Wilson: The Unprincipled Prime Minister?: A Reappraisal of Harold Wilson'' (Biteback Publishing, 2016) pp.165–203. </ref>

The government put heavy emphasis on expanding opportunities through education.: [[Comprehensive education]] was expanded at the secondary level and the [[Open University]] created for adults.<ref> Jane Martin, "Education Policy," in Crines and Hickson, eds., ''Harold Wilson'' (2016) pp.131–148. </ref>

[[File:James Callaghan (1975).jpg|thumb|233x233pxupright|[[James Callaghan]], Prime Minister (1976-19791976–1979)]]

In March 1974 Wilson was appointed prime minister [[Labour government, 1974–1979|for a second time]]; he called a [[October 1974 United Kingdom general election|snap election]] in October 1974, which gave Labour a small majority. During his second term as prime minister, Wilson oversaw the [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum|referendum]] that confirmed the UK's membership of the [[European Communities]].<ref>Ziegler, ''Wilson'' (1995) pp. 400–491. </ref>

[[File:Michael_Foot_(1981).jpg|thumb|[[Michael Foot]], Leader of the Opposition (1980–1983)|238x238pxupright]]

[[File:Labour Party logo, 1966.svg|thumb|The Red Flag symbol used by the party during the [[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966 general election]] and as the official logotype from 1980-1987 andto 1987, more specifically under Foot's leadership.|left|181x181px]]

Labour's inward turn flared into a civil war between left and right. The party came under the control of young middle-class left-wing activists in the local constituencies. The left was led by [[Michael Foot]] and [[Tony Benn]]. They were keen on radical proposals as presented in the 1983 manifesto entitled "The New Hope for Britain.". It called for extensive nationalisation of industry, with heavily centralized economic planning, and many additional controls on business.<ref>The 1983 manifesto entitled "The New Hope for Britain" [http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/man/lab83.htm is online here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123945/http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/man/lab83.htm |date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> It demanded unilateral nuclear disarmament and withdrawal from the European Community. Labour's manifesto was a repudiation of the [[Post-war consensus]] from the left. It itis alienated so many moderates, skilled workers and the general public that it was ridiculed as the "[[longest suicide note in history]]." Some top leaders quit the Labour Party and formed a new [[Social Democratic Party (UK)|Social Democratic Party]], but it could not survive. After Labour's massive defeat in the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 General Election]], [[Neil Kinnock]] replaced Foot. He defeated the left wing, reversed the highly controversial Manifesto proposals, expelled extremist factions like the Trotskyist [[Militant tendency]], and began a process of modernization and acceptance of many Thatcherite innovations.<ref>Peter Jenkins, ''Mrs. Thatcher's Revolution: The Ending of the Socialist Era'' (1988) pp. 102-128. [https://archive.org/details/mrsthatchersrevo00pete online]</ref><ref>Brian Brivati and Richard Heffernan, eds. ''The Labour Party: A Centenary History'' (2000) pp. 112-142, 376-377.</ref>

=== Modernisers take charge, 1992-1997(1992–1997)===

[[File:Old Logo Labour Party.svg|thumb|Kenneth Morgan states, "In 1992, the party presented itself as a modern social democratic party; its communication's officer, [[Peter Mandelson]], ensured that the red flag image would disappear, with the party's new symbol being the gentle emblem of the red rose.<ref>Kenneth Morgan, ''Britain since 1945: The People's Peace'' (2001) p.510.</ref> This was the party's logo from 1987 to 2007.|left|201x201pxupright]]

In November 1990 Thatcher resigned and was succeeded by the less confrontational Thatcherite [[John Major]]. Opinion polls had shown Labour comfortably ahead of the Conservatives largely because of Thatcher's introduction of the highly unpopular [[poll tax]], combined with the fact that the economy was [[Early 1990s recession|sliding into recession]]. Major replaced the poll tax but Kinnock energized Labour with the theme "It's Time for a Change", after more than a decade of unbroken Conservative rule.<ref>Dennis Kavanaugh, "Opposition" in Dennis Kavanaugh and Anthony Selden, eds ''The Major Effect'' (1994) pp. 145-153.</ref> The [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992 general election]] gave Conservatives a victory with a much-reduced majority of 21. It was a deeply disappointing result for Labour. For the first time in over 30 years there was serious doubt among the public and the media as to whether Labour could ever return to government. Kinnock resigned as leader and was succeeded by [[John Smith (Labour Party leader)|John Smith]].<ref> David Butler, and Dennis Kavanagh, eds ''The British General Election of 1992'' (1992) pp.247–275. [https://archive.org/details/britishgeneralel0000butl_j1h9 online]</ref>

[[File:Neil Kinnock (19991989).jpg|thumb|253x253pxleft|upright|[[Neil Kinnock]], Leader of the Opposition (1983-19921983–1992)]]
The damage to the economy on [[Black Wednesday]] in September 1992 undermined the Conservative reputation for superior economic competence. By December, Labour had a comfortable lead in the opinion polls. The recession ended in early 1993 and was followed by a sharp fall in unemployment, together with sustained economic growth. Nevertheless, the Labour lead in the polls remained strong. Smith died suddenly in May 1994, and [[Tony Blair]] became leader.

{{further|Shadow Cabinet of Tony Blair|First Blair ministry|Second Blair ministry|Third Blair ministry|Brown ministry}}[[File:New Labour new Britain logo.svg|thumb|New Labour logo|223x223px]]Blair continued to move the party further to the centre, abandoning the largely symbolic [[Clause Four]] at the 1995 mini-conference in a strategy to increase the party's appeal to "[[middle England]]". The political philosophy of New Labour was influenced by the party's development of [[Anthony Giddens]]' [[Third Way]] which attempted to provide a synthesis between [[capitalism]] and [[socialism]].

[[File:Tony Blair 2010in (cropped)1997.jpg|left|thumb|261x261pxupright|[[Tony Blair]], Prime Minister (1997–2007)]]

[[File:Gordon Brown official.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Gordon Brown]], Prime Minister (2007–2010)]]In the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 general election]], Labour was re-elected for a third term, but with a reduced majority of 66 and popular vote of only 35.2%. Blair announced in September 2006 that he would step down as leader within the year, though he had been under pressure to quit earlier than May 2007 in order to get a new leader in place before the [[2006 United Kingdom local elections|May elections]] which were expected to be disastrous for Labour.<ref name="I will quit within a year – Blair">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5322094.stm |title=I will quit within a year – Blair |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117032828/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5322094.stm |archive-date=17 November 2006 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=7 September 2007}}</ref> In the event, the party did lose power in Scotland to a minority [[Scottish National Party]] government at the [[2007 Scottish Parliament election|2007 elections]] and, shortly after this, Blair resigned as Prime Minister and was replaced by the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer|Chancellor]], [[Gordon Brown]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/may/04/scotland.devolution |title=SNP wins historic victory |author=Patrick Wintour |work=The Guardian |date=4 May 2007 |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323055546/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/may/04/scotland.devolution |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6243558.stm |title=Blair resigns as prime minister |publisher=BBC News |date=27 June 2007 |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=13 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913084307/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6243558.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Brown coordinated the UK's response to the [[2007–2008 financial crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13032013 |title=Gordon Brown admits 'big mistake' over banking crisis |publisher=BBC News |date=11 April 2011 |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616145625/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13032013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Membership of the party also reached a low falling to 156,205 by the end of 2009: over 40 per cent of the 405,000 peak reached in 1997 and thought to be the lowest total since the party was founded.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/2475301/Labour-membership-falls-to-historic-low.html |location=London |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |first1=James |last1=Kirkup |first2=Rosa |last2=Prince |title=Labour Party membership falls to lowest level since it was founded in 1900 |date=30 July 2008 |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417044145/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/2475301/Labour-membership-falls-to-historic-low.html |archive-date=17 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="parliament.uk">{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snsg-05125.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2013012112253420130121000000/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snsg-05125.pdf |url-status=dead |title=John Marshall: Membership of UK political parties; House of Commons, SN/SG/5125; 2009, page 9 |archive-date=21 January 2013}}</ref>

In the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]] on 6 May that year, Labour with 29.0% of the vote won the second largest number of seats (258).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/ |title=Election 2010 results |publisher=BBC News |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414102452/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Conservatives with 36.5% of the vote won the largest number of seats (307), but [[hung parliament|no party had an overall majority]], meaning that Labour could still remain in power if they managed to form a coalition with at least one smaller party.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/may/07/uk-election-results-data-candidates-seats |title=UK election results: data for every candidate in every seat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328091628/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/may/07/uk-election-results-data-candidates-seats |archive-date=28 March 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |date=7 May 2010}}</ref> However, the Labour Party would have had to form a coalition with more than one other smaller party to gain an overall majority; anything less would result in a minority government.<ref name="Wintour">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/wintour-and-watt/2010/may/07/gordon-brown-rainbow-coalition |title=General election 2010: Can Gordon Brown put together a rainbow coalition? |date=7 May 2010 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |first=Patrick |last=Wintour |access-date=15 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328094703/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/wintour-and-watt/2010/may/07/gordon-brown-rainbow-coalition |archive-date=28 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 May 2010, after talks to form a coalition with the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] broke down, Brown announced his intention to stand down as Leader before the Labour Party Conference but a day later resigned as both Prime Minister and party leader.<ref name="The Independent">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gordon-brown-to-resign-as-labour-leader-1970273.html |title=Gordon Brown to resign as Labour leader |date=10 May 2010 |work=[[The Independent]] |location=London |first1=Trevor |last1=Mason |first2=Jon |last2=Smith |access-date=2 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513014237/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gordon-brown-to-resign-as-labour-leader-1970273.html |archive-date=13 May 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon EdwardEd Miliband MP cropelection 2infobox.jpg|left|thumb|220x220pxupright|[[Ed Miliband]], Leader of the Opposition (2010–2015)]]

Tensions soon developed in the parliamentary party over Corbyn's leadership, particularly after the [[2016 Brexit referendum]].<ref name="guardian-20160627">{{cite news |last1=Syal |first1=Rajeev |last2=Perraudin |first2=Frances |last3=Slawson |first3=Nicola |date=27 June 2016 |title=Shadow cabinet resignations: who has gone and who is staying |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/26/labour-shadow-cabinet-resignations-jeremy-corbyn-who-has-gone |url-status=live |access-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722213447/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/26/labour-shadow-cabinet-resignations-jeremy-corbyn-who-has-gone |archive-date=22 July 2016}}</ref> Many in the party were angered that Corbyn did not campaign strongly against Brexit;<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Asthana |first1=Anushka |last2=Syal |first2=Rajeev |last3=Elgot |first3=Jessica |date=28 June 2016 |title=Labour MPs prepare for leadership contest after Corbyn loses confidence vote |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/jeremy-corbyn-loses-labour-mps-confidence-vote |access-date=28 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=28 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628171010/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/jeremy-corbyn-loses-labour-mps-confidence-vote |url-status=live }}</ref> he had been only a "lukewarm" supporter of remaining in the European Union and refused to join [[David Cameron]] in campaigning for the [[Britain Stronger in Europe|Remain side]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McTague |first=Tom |date=25 June 2016 |title=How David Cameron blew it |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/how-david-cameron-lost-brexit-eu-referendum-prime-minister-campaign-remain-boris-craig-oliver-jim-messina-obama/ |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=Politico |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119202218/https://www.politico.eu/article/how-david-cameron-lost-brexit-eu-referendum-prime-minister-campaign-remain-boris-craig-oliver-jim-messina-obama/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 21 members of the [[Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn|Shadow Cabinet]] resigned after the referendum.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |date=27 June 2016 |title=Labour crisis: the most powerful lines from shadow cabinet resignations |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/27/most-powerful-lines-labour-shadow-cabinet-resignations |access-date=28 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Corbyn lost a [[no-confidence vote]] among Labour MPs by 172–40,<ref name="Elgot">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/jeremy-corbyn-loses-labour-mps-confidence-vote |title=Jeremy Corbyn suffers heavy loss in Labour MPs confidence vote |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |last1=Asthana |first1=Anushka |last2=Elgot |first2=Jessica |last3=Syal |first3=Rajeev |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=28 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628171010/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/28/jeremy-corbyn-loses-labour-mps-confidence-vote |archive-date=28 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> triggering a [[2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|leadership election]], which he won decisively with 62% support among Labour party members.<ref name="BBC240916">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37461219 |title=Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn defeats Owen Smith |work=[[BBC News]] |date=24 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924105517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37461219 |archive-date=24 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2017, Prime Minister Theresa May called a [[2017 United Kingdom general election|snap election]] for June 2017.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-39628713 |title=Theresa May seeks general election |date=18 April 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=18 April 2017 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815231711/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-39628713 |archive-date=15 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Corbyn resisted pressure from within the Labour Party to call for a referendum on the eventual Brexit deal, instead focusing on healthcare, education and ending austerity.<ref name="nyt230918">{{cite news |last=Castle |first=Stephen |date=23 September 2018 |title=Jeremy Corbyn, at Labour Party Conference, Faces Pressure on New Brexit Vote |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/23/world/europe/uk-labour-party.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206134404/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/23/world/europe/uk-labour-party.html |archive-date=6 December 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Although Labour started the campaign as far as 20 points behind, it defied expectations by gaining 40% of the vote, its greatest share since [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001]] and the biggest increase in vote share in a single general election since [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945]].<ref name="londoneconomic">{{cite news |last=Griffin |first=Andrew |date=9 June 2017 |title=Corbyn gives Labour biggest vote share increase since 1945 |publisher=The London Economic |url=http://www.thelondoneconomic.com/news/corbyn-gives-labour-biggest-vote-share-increase-since-1945/09/06/ |url-status=live |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611180523/http://www.thelondoneconomic.com/news/corbyn-gives-labour-biggest-vote-share-increase-since-1945/09/06/ |archive-date=11 June 2017}}</ref> The party gained a net 30 seats with the Conservatives losing their overall majority.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jun/11/labour-can-win-majority-if-it-pushes-for-new-general-election-within-two-years |title=Labour can win majority if it pushes for new general election within two years |last=Travis |first=Alan |date=11 June 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724002649/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jun/11/labour-can-win-majority-if-it-pushes-for-new-general-election-within-two-years |archive-date=24 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/60d5a46e-3575-11e7-bce4-9023f8c0fd2e |title=The UK Conservative party's deal with DUP is the easy part |first=James |last=Blitz |website=Financial Times |date=26 June 2017 |access-date=21 June 2024 |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621142644/https://www.ft.com/content/60d5a46e-3575-11e7-bce4-9023f8c0fd2e |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 2016, the Labour Party faced criticism for failing to deal with [[Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party|antisemitism]]. Criticism was also levelled at Corbyn.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43523445 |title=Jeremy Corbyn regrets comments about 'anti-Semitic' mural |date=23 March 2018 |work=[[BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213073631/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43523445 |archive-date=13 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/labour-party/jeremy-corbyn/news/97795/jeremy-corbyn-defends-%E2%80%98zionists-and |title=Jeremy Corbyn defends 'Zionists and English irony' comments |last=Coulter |first=Martin |date=25 August 2019 |website=PoliticsHome |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622232103/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/labour-party/jeremy-corbyn/news/97795/jeremy-corbyn-defends-%E2%80%98zionists-and |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/may/01/jeremy-corbyn-rejects-antisemitism-claim-over-book-foreword |title=Jewish leaders demand explanation over Corbyn book foreword |last1=Stewart |first1=Heather |first2=Sarah |last2=Marsh |date=1 May 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018063020/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/may/01/jeremy-corbyn-rejects-antisemitism-claim-over-book-foreword |archive-date=18 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-45027582 |title=Jeremy Corbyn apologises over 2010 Holocaust event |date=1 August 2018 |website=[[BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219121209/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-45027582 |archive-date=19 December 2019}}</ref> The [[Chakrabarti Inquiry]] cleared the party of widespread antisemitism but identified an "occasionally toxic atmosphere".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36672022 |title=Chakrabarti inquiry: Labour not overrun by anti-Semitism |website=BBC News |date=30 June 2016 |access-date=14 January 2024 |archive-date=30 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630121456/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36672022 |url-status=live }}</ref> High-profile party members, including [[Ken Livingstone]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crerar |first=Pippa |last2= |first2= |date=21 May 2018 |title=Ken Livingstone quits Labour after antisemitism claims |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/may/21/ken-livingstone-quits-labour-after-antisemitism-claims |access-date=29 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730212322/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/may/21/ken-livingstone-quits-labour-after-antisemitism-claims |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Peter Willsman]]<<ref name="q481">{{Citecite web |last=Ben-David |firsttitle=DanielPeter |date=23Willsman: NovemberLabour 2022suspends |title=VeteranNEC Labourmember activistover Peteranti-Semitism Willsmanremarks expelled| fromwebsite=BBC partyNews | date=31 May 2019 | url=https://www.thejcbbc.comco.uk/news/politics/veteran-labouruk-activist-peter-willsman-expelled-from-partypolitics-2Mnf01nsnI7Y8JyRsLpLrW48472977 | access-date=2923 JulySeptember 2023 |website=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]2024}}</ref> and [[Chris Williamson (politician)|Chris Williamson]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Speare-Cole |first=Rebecca |date=7 November 2019 |title=Chris Williamson to stand as independent MP after Labour ban |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/general-election-news-latest-chris-williamson-to-stand-as-independent-mp-after-labour-bans-him-from-party-a4280721.html |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=Evening Standard |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729093505/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/general-election-news-latest-chris-williamson-to-stand-as-independent-mp-after-labour-bans-him-from-party-a4280721.html |url-status=live }}</ref> left the party or were suspended over antisemitism-related incidents. In 2018, internal divisions emerged over adopting the IHRA [[Working Definition of Antisemitism]], with 68 rabbis criticising the leadership.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/16/labour-party-must-listen-to-the-jewish-community-on-defining-antisemitism|title=Labour party must listen to the Jewish community on defining antisemitism|date=16 July 2018|website=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017174506/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/16/labour-party-must-listen-to-the-jewish-community-on-defining-antisemitism|archive-date=17 October 2019}}</ref> The issue was cited by a number of MPs who left the party to set up [[Change UK]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2019-02-18/luciana-berger-quits-the-labour-party-over-institutional-anti-semitism/|title=Luciana Berger quits the Labour party over 'institutional anti-semitism'|date=18 February 2019|website=ITV|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203192558/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2019-02-18/luciana-berger-quits-the-labour-party-over-institutional-anti-semitism/|archive-date=3 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ephraim-mirvis-what-will-become-of-jews-in-britain-if-labour-forms-the-next-government-ghpsdbljk|title=What will become of Jews in Britain if Labour forms the next government?|last=Mirvis|first=Ephraim|date=25 November 2019|website=The Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128024726/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ephraim-mirvis-what-will-become-of-jews-in-britain-if-labour-forms-the-next-government-ghpsdbljk|archive-date=28 November 2019}}</ref> An investigation by the [[Equalities and Human Rights Commission]] found the party responsible for three Equality Act breaches, including harassment political interference in antisemitism complaints.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-54731222 |title=What does the Labour anti-Semitism report say? |work=[[BBC News]] |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120235700/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-54731222 |url-status=live}}</ref>

During the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]], Labour campaigned on a manifesto widely considered the most radical in decades, more closely resembling Labour's politics of the 1970s than subsequent decades. These included plans to nationalise the country's biggest energy firms, the National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, the railways and the broadband arm of [[BT Group|BT]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/commentisfree/2016/aug/15/the-parallels-between-jeremy-corbyn-and-michael-foot-are-almost-all-false- |title=The parallels between Jeremy Corbyn and Michael Foot are almost all false |last=Mason |first=Paul |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=15 August 2016 |access-date=20 December 2019 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403204612/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/commentisfree/2016/aug/15/the-parallels-between-jeremy-corbyn-and-michael-foot-are-almost-all-false |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The election saw Labour win its lowest number of seats since 1935.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Collier |first=Ian |date=14 December 2019|title=General election: Jeremy Corbyn to quit as Labour leader after disastrous night |url=https://news.sky.com/story/general-election-jeremy-corbyn-to-stand-down-as-labour-leader-after-disastrous-night-11885159 |access-date=19 December 2020 |work=[[Sky News]] |archive-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106141000/https://news.sky.com/story/general-election-jeremy-corbyn-to-stand-down-as-labour-leader-after-disastrous-night-11885159 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following Labour's defeat in the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]] Corbyn announced that he would stand down as leader.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 December 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: 'I will not lead Labour at next election' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50766114 |access-date=17 September 2023 |publisher=BBC News |archive-date=14 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214155812/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50766114 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Main|Premiership of Keir Starmer|Starmer ministry}}[[File:Keir Starmer official portrait.jpg|left|thumb|261x261pxupright|[[Keir Starmer]], Prime Minister (2024–present)]]

On 4 April 2020, [[Keir Starmer]] was elected as Leader of the Labour Party amidst the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2020 |title=Keir Starmer elected as new Labour leader |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-52164589 |url-status=live |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425080229/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-52164589 |archive-date=25 April 2020}}</ref> During [[Keir Starmer as Leader of the Opposition|his tenure as opposition leader]], Starmer repositioned the party from the [[Labour left|left]] toward the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] and [[political centre]], and emphasised the importance of eliminating [[Antisemitism in the British Labour Party|antisemitism within the party]]. Starmer led Labour to victory in the local elections in [[2023 United Kingdom local elections|2023]] and [[2024 United Kingdom local elections|2024]]. In 2023, Starmer set out five missions for [[Starmer ministry|his government]], targeting issues such as economic growth, health, clean energy, crime and education.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Chris |last2=Whannel |first2=Kate |date=23 February 2023 |title=Keir Starmer unveils Labour's five missions for the country |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-64739371 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707072442/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-64739371 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]], Labour maintained a strong poll lead, with [[Change (manifesto)|its manifesto]] focusing on economic growth, planning system reform, infrastructure, clean energy, healthcare, education, childcare, constitutional reform, and strengthening workers' rights.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2024 |title=Labour manifesto 2024: Find out how Labour will get Britain's future back |url=https://labour.org.uk/updates/stories/labour-manifesto-2024-sign-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613141625/https://labour.org.uk/updates/stories/labour-manifesto-2024-sign-up/ |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=The Labour Party}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Labour Party Manifesto 2024 |url=https://labour.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Labour-Party-manifesto-2024.pdf |journal=Labour Party Manifesto 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |archive-date=14 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614003615/https://labour.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Labour-Party-manifesto-2024.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It pledged a new [[Great British Energy|publicly owned energy company]] to achieve [[net zero emissions]] by 2030, a "Green Prosperity Plan", reducing patient waiting times and <nowiki>''"rebuilding the NHS''</nowiki>", reforming public services, and public ownership of the [[Great British Railways|railway network]] and local bus services.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=Jenni |date=13 June 2024 |title=Britain's Labour Party pledges 'wealth creation' as it targets landslide election victory |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/13/uk-general-election-2024-labour-publishes-manifesto-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613173116/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/13/uk-general-election-2024-labour-publishes-manifesto-.html |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2024 |title=Starmer launches Labour's pro-business, pro-worker manifesto with £7.35bn of new taxes |url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/starmer-hopes-labour-pro-business-103304717.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613173115/https://nz.news.yahoo.com/starmer-hopes-labour-pro-business-103304717.html |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |website=Yahoo News}}</ref> The manifesto also pledged to give votes to 16 year olds, reform the [[House of Lords]], and to tax private schools, with money generated going into improving state education.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mason |first=Rowena |date=13 June 2024 |title=Change and growth: five key takeaways from the Labour manifesto launch |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jun/13/change-and-growth-five-key-takeaways-from-the-labour-manifesto-launch |access-date=13 June 2024 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Gibbons |first1=Amy |last2=Sigsworth |first2=Tim |date=16 May 2024 |title=Labour Party manifesto 2024: Keir Starmer's election promises |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/0/labour-party-pledges-manifesto-general-election-voters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706003421/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2024/07/05/labour-party-pledges-manifesto-general-election-voters/ |archive-date=6 July 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |work=The Telegraph |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

Starmer led Labour to a landslide victory with a majority of 174, with a popular vote share of 33.7%,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4nglegege1o |title=General election 2024 in maps and charts |website=BBC News |date=6 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708035327/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4nglegege1o |url-status=live }}</ref> ending fourteen years of Conservative government with Labour becoming the largest party in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4nglegege1o |title=General election 2024 in maps and charts |website=BBC News |date=6 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708035327/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4nglegege1o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":112">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Faye |date=5 July 2024 |title='Change begins now', Starmer says - as Labour win historic landslide |url=https://news.sky.com/story/the-labour-party-has-won-this-general-election-sunak-concedes-defeat-13162921 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705091108/https://news.sky.com/story/the-labour-party-has-won-this-general-election-sunak-concedes-defeat-13162921 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> He succeeded [[Rishi Sunak]] as prime minister on 5 July 2024, becoming the first Labour prime minister since Gordon Brown in 2010 and the first one to win a general election since Tony Blair in [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Mason |first=Rowena |date=5 July 2024 |title=Keir Starmer promises 'stability and moderation' in first speech as PM |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jul/05/keir-starmer-first-speech-prime-minister-pm-labour-downing-street |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707072441/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jul/05/keir-starmer-first-speech-prime-minister-pm-labour-downing-street |url-status=live }}</ref> One of Starmer's first cabinet appointments was [[Rachel Reeves]] as Chancellor, which made her the first woman to hold the office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-05 |title=Rachel Reeves Goes for Growth as UK's First Female Chancellor |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-05/rachel-reeves-goes-for-growth-as-uk-s-first-female-chancellor |access-date=2024-07-05 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-08 |title=Rachel Reeves: First female chancellor a 'game-changer' says MP |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cnl05pyw8yjo |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709134404/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cnl05pyw8yjo |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[2024 State Opening of Parliament]] outlined 39 pieces of legislation that Labour proposed, including [[Bill (law)|bills]] to [[Renationalisation of British Rail|renationalise the railways]], strengthen the rights of workers, and to give areas of England [[Devolution in the United Kingdom|devolution powers]].<ref name="Growth2">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=Starmer pledges growth with building and rail reforms |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c903d09jwk7o |accessdate=17 July 2024 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831053821/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c903d09jwk7o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=Key points in King's Speech at a glance |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51y7pqy1v3o |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120054/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51y7pqy1v3o |url-status=live }}</ref>{{clear}}<!--This section is meant to be just a summary. Please do not add too much detail&nbsp;– the "History of the Labour Party (UK)" article is intended for detailed additions-->

Labour sits on the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] of the political spectrum.{{refn|<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/04/europe/uk-election-europe-populist-surge-intl/index.html |title=As Europe turns right, why has a center-left party won by a landslide in the UK? |publisher=[[CNN]] |first=Luke |last=McGee |date=5 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705023128/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/04/europe/uk-election-europe-populist-surge-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=Europe's Center-Left Can Learn a Lot From Scholz, Sanchez and Starmer |date=20 September 2023 |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-sanchez-scholz-germany/ |publisher=[[World Politics Review]] |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184116/https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-sanchez-scholz-germany/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto3"/>{{sfn|Budge|2008|pp=26–27|ps=.{{verify source|date=January 2016}}}}}} It was formed to provide political representation for the [[trade union movement]] at [[Housein of Commons of the United Kingdom|Westminster]]Parliament. The Labour Party gained a socialist commitment with the party constitution of 1918, [[Clause IV]] of which called for the "common ownership", or [[nationalisation]], of the "means of production, distribution and exchange". Although about a third of British industry was taken into public ownership after the Second World War and remained so until the 1980s, the right of the party were questioning the validity of expanding on this by the late 1950s. Influenced by [[Anthony Crosland]]'s book ''[[The Future of Socialism]]'' (1956), the circle around party leader [[Hugh Gaitskell]] felt that the commitment was no longer necessary. An attempt to remove Clause IV from the party constitution in 1959 failed,; [[Tony Blair]] and New Labour "modernisers" were successful in doingremoving soClause 35IV yearsin later1994.<ref name="historytoday.com">Martin Daunton [http://www.historytoday.com/martin-daunton/labour-party-and-clause-four-1918-1995 "The Labour Party and Clause Four 1918–1995"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721122126/http://www.historytoday.com/martin-daunton/labour-party-and-clause-four-1918-1995 |date=21 July 2015 }}, ''History Review 1995'' (''History Today'' website)</ref><ref>Philip Gould ''The Unfinished Revolution: How New Labour Changed British Politics Forever'', London: Hachette digital edition, 2011, p.30 (originally published by Little, Brown, 1998)</ref><ref name="independent.co.uk">John Rentoul [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/defining-moment-as-blair-wins-backing-for-clause-iv-1611135.html {{"'}}Defining moment' as Blair wins backing for Clause IV"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021337/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/defining-moment-as-blair-wins-backing-for-clause-iv-1611135.html |date=8 September 2017 }}, ''[[The Independent]]'', 14 March 1995.</ref>

Labour has long been identified with red, a [[political colour]] traditionally affiliated with socialism and the [[labour movement]]. Prior to the red flag logo, the party had used a modified version of the classic 1924 shovel, torch and quill emblem. In 1924 a brand conscious Labour leadership had devised a competition, inviting supporters to design a logo to replace the 'polo mint' like motif that had previously appeared on party literature. The winning entry, emblazoned with the word "Liberty" over a design incorporating a torch, shovel and quill symbol, was popularised through its sale, in badge form, for a shilling. The party conference in 1931 passed a motion "That this conference adopts Party Colours, which should be uniform throughout the country, colours to be red and gold".<ref name="ReferenceA">"Labour Party Annual Conference Report", 1931, p. 233.</ref> During the New Labour period, the colour purple was also used, and the party has employed other colours in certain areas according to local tradition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 May 2015 |title=The seats where Tories weren't blue and Labour wasn't red |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32510493 |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-urldate=2 July 2023 |archive-dateurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702094333/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32510493 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Abrams |first=Fran |date=20 April 1997 |title=Election '97: Labour go from red to purple |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/election-97-labour-go-from-red-to-purple-1268462.html |access-date=2 July 2023 |work=[[The Independent]] |language=en |archive-urldate=2 July 2023 |archive-dateurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702094336/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/election-97-labour-go-from-red-to-purple-1268462.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The red flag became an inspiration which resulted in the composition of "[[The Red Flag]]", the official party anthem since its inception, being sung at the end of party conferences and on various occasions such as in Parliament in February 2006 to mark the centenary of the Labour Party's founding. It still remains in use, although attempts were made to play down the role of the song during New Labour.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12759902 |work=[[BBC News]] |first=Helen |last=Grady |title=Blue Labour: Party's radical answer to the Big Society? |date=21 March 2011 |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915233157/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12759902 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoggart">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/sep/28/labourconference.politicalcolumnists |title=Red Flag rises above a dodgy future |first=Simon |last=Hoggart |author-link=Simon Hoggart |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |date=28 September 2007 |access-date=21 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002143642/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/sep/28/labourconference.politicalcolumnists |archive-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The song "[[And did those feet in ancient time|Jerusalem]]", based on a [[William Blake]] poem, is also traditionally sung at the end of party conferences with The Red Flag.<ref name="Telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/8796628/Ed-Miliband-sings-The-Red-Flag-and-Jerusalem-at-the-Labour-Party-Conference.html |title=Video: Ed Miliband sings The Red Flag and Jerusalem at the Labour Party Conference |date=29 September 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909073707/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/8796628/Ed-Miliband-sings-The-Red-Flag-and-Jerusalem-at-the-Labour-Party-Conference.html |archive-date=9 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2022 |title=Labour conference: National Anthem to open event |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-62960726 |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-urldate=2 July 2023 |archive-dateurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702092857/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-62960726 |url-status=live }}</ref>

| source = Party Constitution, Labour Party Rule Book<ref name="constitution">{{cite web |title=Labour Party Rule Book |url=https://labour.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Rule-Book-2023-FINAL_web_v3.pdf |publisher=Labour Party |access-date=4 January 2023 |date=2023 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705171502/https://labour.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Rule-Book-2023-FINAL_web_v3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of 31 December 2010, under Leaderthe new leader [[Ed Miliband]], individual membership of the party was 193,261; a historical low for the Party since the 1930s.<ref name="search">{{cite web|url=https://search.electoralcommission.org.uk//Api/Accounts/Documents/826|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011|website=search.electoralcommission.org.uk}}</ref> Membership remained relatively unchanged in the following years.<ref name="search"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://search.electoralcommission.org.uk//Api/Accounts/Documents/15409|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013|website=search.electoralcommission.org.uk}}</ref><ref name="search2">{{cite web|url=https://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/17488|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2015|website=search.electoralcommission.org.uk|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=1 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701174044/https://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/17488|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2015, prior to the [[2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|2015 leadership election]], the Labour Party reported 292,505 full members, 147,134 affiliated supporters (mostly from affiliated [[trade union]]s and [[socialist societies]]) and 110,827 registered supporters; a total of about 550,000 members and supporters.<ref name=independent-20150910>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-contest-after-88-days-of-campaigning-how-did-labours-candidates-do-10495726.html |title=Labour leadership contest: After 88 days of campaigning, how did Labour's candidates do? |author=Oliver Wright |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=10 September 2015 |access-date=11 September 2015 |quote=the electorate is divided into three groups: 292,000 members, 148,000 union "affiliates" and 112,000 registered supporters who each paid £3 to take part |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914020112/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-contest-after-88-days-of-campaigning-how-did-labours-candidates-do-10495726.html |archive-date=14 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=mirror-20150825>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/four-labour-leadership-candidates-rule-6316659 |title=All four Labour leadership candidates rule out legal fight – despite voter count plummeting by 60,000 |first=Dan |last=Bloom |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=25 August 2015 |access-date=11 September 2015 |quote=total of those who can vote now stands at 550,816 ... The total still eligible to vote are now 292,505 full paid-up members, 147,134 supporters affiliated through the unions and 110,827 who've paid a £3 fee. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908123212/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/four-labour-leadership-candidates-rule-6316659 |archive-date=8 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Following the election of [[Jeremy Corbyn]] as leader, individual membership almost doubled to 388,262 in December 2015;<ref name="search2"/> and rose significantly again the following year to 543,645 in December 2016.<ref>[https://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/20546 "The Labour Party – Financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2017"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920015435/https://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/20546 |date=20 September 2023 }} ''Labour Party''. July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2022.</ref>

{{As of|December 2017}}, the party had 564,443 full members,<ref name=labour-201807>{{cite web |url=http://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/20546 |title=The Labour Party – Financial statements for the year ending 31 December 2017 |website=Labour Party |date=July 2018 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-urldate=20 January 2022 |archive-dateurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120230152/http://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/20546 |url-status=live }}</ref> a peak since 1980 making it the largest political party in Western Europe.<ref name=huffpost-20170613>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/labour-party-membership-soars-by-33000-in-four-days-since-general-election_uk_59400feee4b0e84514ee930f |title=Labour Party Membership Soars By 35,000 In Just Four Days – After 'Corbyn Surge' In 2017 General Election |last=Waugh |first=Paul |work=[[Huffington Post]] |date=13 June 2017 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630055010/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/labour-party-membership-soars-by-33000-in-four-days-since-general-election_uk_59400feee4b0e84514ee930f |archive-date=30 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/parliament-and-elections/parliament/uk-political-party-membership-figures-august-2018/ |title=UK political party membership figures: August 2018 |website=House of Commons library |date=3 September 2018 |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215310/https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/parliament-and-elections/parliament/uk-political-party-membership-figures-august-2018/ |archive-date=3 September 2018 |url-status=live |last1=Audickas |first1=Lukas}}</ref> Consequently, membership fees became the largest component of the party's income, overtaking trade unions donations which were previously of most financial importance, making Labour the most financially well-off British political party in 2017.<ref name=guardian-20180822>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/22/labour-coffers-make-party-richest-in-britain |title=Labour is Britain's richest party – and it's not down to the unions |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 August 2018 |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822203856/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/22/labour-coffers-make-party-richest-in-britain |archive-date=22 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of December 2019, the party had 532,046 full members.<ref name=labour-202007>{{cite web |url=http://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/22602 |title=The Labour Party – Financial statements for the year ending 31 December 2019 |website=The Electoral Commission |date=July 2020 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-urldate=20 January 2022 |archive-dateurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120230151/http://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Api/Accounts/Documents/22602 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the [[2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|2020 leadership election]] 490,731 people voted, of which 401,564 (81.8%) were members, 76,161 (15.5%) had affiliated membership and 13,006 (2.6%) were registered supporters. The registered supporter class was abolished in 2021.<ref name=hocl-20220830>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN05125/SN05125.pdf |title=Membership of political parties in Great Britain |last1=Burton |first1=Matthew |last2=Tunnicliffe |first2=Richard |publisher=UK Parliament |work=House of Commons Library |date=30 August 2022 |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-urldate=25 March 2023 |archive-dateurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325200441/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN05125/SN05125.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> By JulyDecember 2023, the party's membership was reported to havehad fallen to 399370,195450 members.<ref name="Membership, March 2023"bbc-20240822>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenationalbbc.scotco.uk/news/23683781.labour-party-lose-10k-members-just-two-monthsarticles/c33n6311577o |title=Labour Party losememberships 10k membersfell in just2023 twodespite monthslooming election |firstlast=AdamMorton |lastfirst=RobertsonBecky |work=TheBBC NationalNews |date=2722 JulyAugust 20232024 |access-date=2823 JulyAugust 20232024 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822205546/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c33n6311577o |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2024, it was reported thatrevealed the Labour Partyparty's membership had fallenreduced further to 366,604 members.<ref name="Membership, March 2024"/>

Following the [[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918 general election]], Labour became the Official Opposition after the Conservatives went into [[Coalition#Government and politics|coalition]] with the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]].<ref name=":8">{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7529/CBP-7529.pdf#page=8 |title=UK Election Statistics: 1918–2023, A Long Century of Elections |last1=Cracknell |first1=Richard |last2=Uberoi |first2=Elise |last3=Burton |first3=Matthew |date=9 August 2023 |website=House of Commons Library |access-date=27 September 2023 |page=8 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926002706/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7529/CBP-7529.pdf#page=8 |url-status=live }}</ref> Labour's first minority governments came following the [[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923]] and [[1929 United Kingdom general election|1929]] general elections, the latter being the first time Labour were the largest party in the country by seats won.<ref name=":8"/> They formed their first majority government following the [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945 general election]].<ref name=":8"/> However, after winning the [[1950 United Kingdom general election|1950 general election]], Labour would lose the following election in [[1951 United Kingdom general election|1951]] to the Conservatives despite gaining the highest share of votes to date at 48.8%.<ref name=":8"/> During the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983]] election, Labour posted their worst vote share in the post-war period at 27.6%.<ref name=":8"/> In [[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997]], a party record of 418 Labour MPs were elected.<ref name=":8"/> At the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]], Labour won a landslide victory and returned to government with [[Keir Starmer]] as prime minister.<ref name=":112"/>

! rowspan=2|Leader<ref>{{cite book |first1=Alastair J. |last1=Reid |first2=Henry |last2=Pelling |title=A Short History of the Labour Party |year=2005 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=1-4039-9313-0 |page=210|edition=12th }}</ref><ref name="leaders">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37357314 |title=A quick guide to Labour's leaders |website=BBC News |date=23 September 2016 |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925224546/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37357314 |url-status=live }}</ref>

![[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]]{{efn|The first election held under the [[Representation of the People Act 1918]] in which all men over 21, and most women over the age of 30 could vote, and therefore a much larger electorate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/parliament-and-the-first-world-war/legislation-and-acts-of-war/acts-of-war---representation-of-the-people-act-1918--/ |title=Representation of the People Act 1918 |website=UK Parliament |access-date=6 October 2023 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110172925/https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/parliament-and-the-first-world-war/legislation-and-acts-of-war/acts-of-war---representation-of-the-people-act-1918--/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

![[1929 United Kingdom general election|1929]]{{efn|First election held under the [[Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928]] which gave all women aged over 21 the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/commons/media-relations-group/news/on-this-day-on-30-may-1929-women-vote-on-same-terms-as-men-for-first-time-in-general-election/ |title=On this day in May 1929 women vote in general election on same terms as men |website=UK Parliament |date=30 May 2018 |access-date=6 October 2023 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110172924/https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/commons/media-relations-group/news/on-this-day-on-30-may-1929-women-vote-on-same-terms-as-men-for-first-time-in-general-election/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

|<ref name=":1617">{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7529/CBP-7529.pdf |title=UK Election Statistics: 1918–2023, A Long Century of Elections |last1=Cracknell |first1=Richard |last2=Uberoi |first2=Elise |last3=Burton |first3=Matthew |date=9 August 2023 |website=House of Commons Library |access-date=28 September 2023 |pages=16–17 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926002706/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7529/CBP-7529.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m09.pdf |title=General Election Results, 9 June 1983 |website=House of Commons Public Information Office |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126023124/https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m09.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m11.pdf |title=General Election Results, 1987 |website=House of Commons Public Information Office |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023011516/https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m11.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m13.pdf |title=General Election Results |website=House of Commons Public Information Office |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114185026/https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m13.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP01-38/RP01-38.pdf |title=General Election results, 1 May 1997 |website=House of Commons Library |date=29 March 2001 |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926225550/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP01-38/RP01-38.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP01-54/RP01-54.pdf |title=General Election results, 7 June 2001 |website=House of Commons Library |date=18 June 2001 |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127162028/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP01-54/RP01-54.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|{{no2|Conservative–[[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8677552.stm |title=Election 2010 Timeline: How coalition was agreed |website=BBC News |date=13 May 2010 |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906140456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8677552.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP10-36/RP10-36.pdf |title=General Election 2010 |website=House of Commons Library |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=2 October 2023 |pages=30, 86 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008074838/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP10-36/RP10-36.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|{{refn|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/ng-interactive/2015/may/07/live-uk-election-results-in-full |title=UK 2015 general election results in full |work=The Guardian |date=7 May 2015 |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913214657/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/ng-interactive/2015/may/07/live-uk-election-results-in-full |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7186/CBP-7186.pdf |title=General Election 2015 |website=House of Commons Library |date=28 July 2015 |access-date=2 October 2023 |archive-date=6 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006204311/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7186/CBP-7186.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

|{{no2|Conservative minority<br />(with [[Conservative–DUP agreement|DUP confidence and supply]])<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-40245514 |title=Theresa May and the DUP deal: What you need to know |last=Hunt |first=Alex |website=BBC News |date=26 June 2017 |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123150803/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-40245514 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf |title=General Election 2017: results and analysis |website=House of Commons Library |date=29 January 2019 |access-date=2 October 2023 |pages=8–12 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112183438/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8749/CBP-8749.pdf |title=General Election 2019: results and analysis |website=House of Commons Library |date=28 January 2020 |access-date=2 October 2023 |pages=8–12 |archive-date=18 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118043715/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8749/CBP-8749.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Source:<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37357314 |title=A quick guide to Labour's leaders |publisher=BBC News |date=23 September 2016 |access-date=25 September 2023 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925224546/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37357314 |url-status=live }}</ref>

|[[1964 United Kingdom general election|1964]]–[[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966]]; [[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966]]–[[1970 United Kingdom general election|1970]]; [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|1974]]; [[October 1974 United Kingdom general election|1974]]–[[1976 Labour Party leadership election|1976]]<br />([[Labour government, 1964–1970|first, second]], [[Labour government, 1974–1979#Wilson ministry |third and fourth]] Wilson ministries)

<ref name="auto3">{{cite news |last1=Peacock |first1=Mike |title=The European centre-left's quandary |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-europe-left-analysis-idUKKBN0O905M20150524 |access-date=26 May 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=8 May 2015 |quote=A crushing election defeat for Britain's Labour party has laid bare the dilemma facing Europe's centre-left. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526172436/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/05/24/uk-europe-left-analysis-idUKKBN0O905M20150524 |archive-date=26 May 2015 |url-status=livedead}}</ref>

* Bassett, Lewis. "Corbynism: Social democracy in a new left garb." ''[[Political Quarterly]]'' 90.4 (2019): 777–784 [https://www.academia.edu/40317267/Corbynism_Social_Democracy_in_a_New_Left_Garb online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205001645/https://www.academia.edu/40317267/Corbynism_Social_Democracy_in_a_New_Left_Garb |date=5 February 2023 }}

* Brivati, Brian, and Richard Heffernan, eds. ''The Labour Party: A Centenary History'' (2000) [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230595583 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123184636/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230595583 |date=23 November 2022 }}, 27 chapters by experts

* Morgan, Kenneth O. "United Kingdom: A Comparative Case Study of Labour Prime Ministers Attlee, Wilson, Callaghan and Blair" ''The Journal of Legislative Studies'' 10.2-3 (2004): 38-5238–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/135723304200032220

* Seaman, L. C. B. ''Post-Victorian Britain: 1902-1951'' (1966) [https://wwwbooks.google.com/books/edition/Post_Victorian_Britain_1902_1951/0e2IAgAAQBAJ?hlid=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover0e2IAgAAQBAJ online]

* Shaw, Eric. ''The Labour Party since 1979: Crisis and Transformation'' (Routledge, 1994). [https://books.google.cacom/books?id=CFSIAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false online]

{{Portal bar|Politics|United Kingdom|Organised labour|Socialism}}{{Authority control}}