Wikipedia

Yitzhak Rabin: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Reverting edit(s) by Baruch Benedictus Spinoza (talk) to rev. 1219400717 by Remsense: Reverting good faith edits: WP:OVERLINK (UV 0.1.5)
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(33 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 2:
{{for-multi|the Alpha Blondy album|Yitzhak Rabin (album)|the two-part documentary film|Yitzhak Rabin: A Biography}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=SeptemberJuly 20232024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yitzhak Rabin
| image = Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Life of Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin, 7th IDF Chief of Staff in photos (cropped11).jpg
| order = 5th
| office = Prime Minister of Israel
Line 75:
| native_name = {{nobold|יִצְחָק רַבִּין}}
}}
'''Yitzhak Rabin''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ə|ˈ|b|iː|n}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/rabin "Rabin"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-he|יִצְחָק רַבִּין}}, {{IPA-|he|jitsˈχak ʁaˈbin|IPA|He-Yitzhak_Rabin.ogg}}; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth [[List of Prime Ministers of Israel|prime minister of Israel]], serving two terms in office, 1974–1977, and from 1992 until [[Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin|his assassination]] in 1995.
 
Rabin was born in Jerusalem to Jewish immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]] and was raised in a [[Labor Zionist]] household. He learned agriculture in school and excelled as a student. He led a 27-year career as a soldier and ultimately attained the rank of [[Rav Aluf]], the most senior rank in the Israeli Defense Force (often translated as lieutenant general). As a teenager he joined the [[Palmach]], the [[commando]] force of the [[Yishuv]]. He eventually rose through its ranks to become its chief of operations during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. He joined the newly formed [[Israel Defense Forces]] in late 1948 and continued to rise as a promising officer. He helped shape the training doctrine of the IDF in the early 1950s, and led the IDF's [[Operations Directorate]] from 1959 to 1963. He was appointed [[Chief of General Staff (Israel)|chief of the general staff]] in 1964 and oversaw Israel's victory in the 1967 [[Six-Day War]].
Line 81:
Rabin served as Israel's ambassador to the United States from 1968 to 1973, during a period of deepening [[Israel–United States relations|U.S.–Israel ties]]. He was appointed Prime Minister of Israel in 1974 after the resignation of [[Golda Meir]]. In his first term, Rabin signed the [[Sinai Interim Agreement]] and ordered the [[Operation Entebbe|Entebbe raid]]. He resigned in 1977 in the wake of a financial scandal. Rabin was Israel's minister of defense for much of the 1980s, including during the outbreak of the [[First Intifada]].
 
In 1992, Rabin was re-elected as prime minister on a platform embracing the [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]. He signed several historic agreements with the Palestinian leadership as part of the [[Oslo Accords]]. In 1994, Rabin won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] together with long-time political rival [[Shimon Peres]] and Palestinian leader [[Yasser Arafat]]. Rabin also signed a [[Israel–Jordan peace treaty|peace treaty with Jordan]] in 1994. In November 1995, he was assassinated by an extremist named [[Yigal Amir]], an extremist who opposed the terms of the Oslo Accords. Amir was convicted of Rabin's murder and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]]. Rabin was the first [[Sabra (person)|native-born]] prime minister of Israel, the only prime minister to be assassinated, and the second to die in office after [[Levi Eshkol]]. Rabin has become a symbol of the Israeli&ndash;Palestinian peace process.
 
==Personal life==
Line 88:
Rabin was born at [[Shaare Zedek Medical Center]] in [[Jerusalem]] on 1 March 1922, [[Mandatory Palestine]], to Nehemiah (1886 – 1 December 1971) and Rosa (née Cohen; 1890 – 12 November 1937) Rabin, immigrants of the [[Third Aliyah]], the third wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine from Europe. Nehemiah was born Nehemiah Rubitzov in the [[shtetl]] Sydorovychi near [[Ivankiv]] in the southern [[Pale of Settlement]] (present-day [[Ukraine]]).<ref>{{cite web|author=izrus.co.il|url=http://jewish.kiev.ua/news/3383/|title=Доказано украинское происхождение Ицхака Рабина &#124; Еврейские новости мира и Украины &#124; ВЕК – Всеукраинский еврейский конгресс|publisher=Jewish.kiev.ua|date=18 March 2010|access-date=31 August 2011|archive-date=26 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426050535/http://jewish.kiev.ua/news/3383/|url-status=dead}}</ref> His father Menachem died when he was a boy, and Nehemiah worked to support his family from an early age. At the age of 18, he emigrated to the United States, where he joined the [[Poale Zion]] party and changed his surname to Rabin. In 1917, Nehemiah Rabin went to Mandatory Palestine with a group of volunteers from the [[Jewish Legion]].
 
Yitzhak's mother, Rosa Cohen, was born in 1890 in [[Mogilev]] in Belarus. Her father, a [[rabbi]], opposed the [[Zionism|Zionist]] movement and sent Rosa to a Christian high school for girls in [[Gomel]], which gave her a broad general education. Early on, Rosa took an interest in political and social causes. In 1919, she traveled to Palestine on the steamship ''[[Ruslan (ship)|Ruslan]]''. After working on a [[kibbutz]] on the shores of the [[Sea of Galilee]], she moved to Jerusalem.<ref>[http://www.dadalos.org/int/Vorbilder/vorbilder/rabin/leben.htm#Eltern Yitzhak Rabin&nbsp;– from soldier to Nobel Peace Prize Laureate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516224539/http://www.dadalos.org/int/vorbilder/vorbilder/Rabin/leben.htm#Eltern |date=16 May 2010 }} Dadalos</ref>
 
Rabin's parents met in Jerusalem during the [[1920 Nebi Musa riots]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Slater|first1=Robert|title=Rabin of Israel: Biography of the Embattled Prime Minister|date=1993|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-312-09368-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/rabinofisrael0000slat/page/25 25]|url=https://archive.org/details/rabinofisrael0000slat/page/25}}</ref> They moved to [[Tel Aviv]]'s Chlenov Street near [[Jaffa]] in 1923. Nehemiah became a worker for the [[Israel Electric Corporation|Palestine Electric Corporation]] and Rosa was an accountant and local activist. She became a member of the Tel Aviv City Council.<ref>Slater, pp. 27–28</ref> The family moved again in 1931 to a two-room apartment on Hamagid Street in Tel Aviv.<ref>Slater, p. 34</ref>
Line 94:
===Early life and education===
{{external media | width = 210px | float = left | headerimage= | video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?71312-1/name-sorrow-hope ''Booknotes'' interview with Rabin's granddaughter Noa Ben Artzi-Pelossof on her book about Rabin, ''In the Name of Sorrow and Hope'', May 26, 1996], [[C-SPAN]]}}
Yitzhak (Isaac) Rabin grew up in [[Tel Aviv]], where the family relocated when he was one year old. He enrolled in the Tel Aviv Beit Hinuch Leyaldei Ovdim (בית חינוך לילדי עובדים, "School House for Workers' Children") in 1928 and completed his studies there in 1935. The school taught the children agriculture as well as Zionism.<ref>Slater, pp. 28–29</ref> Rabin mostly received good marks in school, but he was so [[shyness|shy]] that few people knew he was intelligent.<ref>Slater, p. 31</ref>
 
In 1935, Rabin enrolled at an agricultural school on kibbutz [[Givat Hashlosha]] that his mother founded. It was here in 1936 at the age of 14 that Rabin joined the [[Haganah]] and received his first military training, learning how to use a pistol and stand guard. He joined a socialist-Zionist youth movement, [[HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed|HaNoar HaOved]].<ref>Slater, pp. 37, 39–40</ref>
 
In 1937, he enrolled at the two-year [[Kadoorie Agricultural High School]]. He excelled in a number of agriculture-related subjects but disliked studying [[English language]]—the language of the British "enemy."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kurzman|first1=Dan|title=Soldier of Peace: The Life of Yitzhak Rabin, 1922–1995|date=1998|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-06-018684-5|edition=1.|page=[https://archive.org/details/soldierofpeaceli00kurz/page/75 75]|url=https://archive.org/details/soldierofpeaceli00kurz/page/75}}</ref><ref>Slater, p. 41</ref> He originally aspired to be an [[irrigation]] engineer, but his interest in military affairs intensified in 1938, when the [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine|ongoing Arab revolt]] worsened. A young Haganah sergeant named [[Yigal Allon]], later a general in the IDF and prominent politician, trained Rabin and others at Kadoorie. Rabin finished at Kadoorie in August 1940.<ref>Slater, pp. 42–43</ref> For part of 1939, the British closed Kadoorie, and Rabin joined Allon as a security guard at Kibbutz [[Kibbutz Ginosar]] until the school re-opened.<ref>Kurzman, p. 80</ref> When he finished school, Rabin considered studying irrigation engineering on scholarship at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], although he ultimately decided to stay and fight in Palestine.<ref>Kurzman, p. 81</ref>
 
==Marriage and family==
Line 136:
 
==Ambassador to the United States (1968–1973)==
[[File:Yitzhak Rabin 1973 D84-017.jpg|thumb|right|Israeli Ambassador to the United States, Yitzhak Rabin and his wife [[Leah Rabin|Leah]] in the company of PM [[Golda Meir]] and Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]] in Washington, D.C., February 1973]]
Following his retirement from the IDF he became [[List of ambassadors of Israel to the United States|ambassador to the United State]]s beginning in 1968, serving for five years. In this period the US became the major weapon supplier of Israel and in particular he managed to get the embargo on the [[F-4 Phantom]] fighter jets lifted. During the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]] he served in no official capacity.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
 
Line 142 ⟶ 143:
 
==First term as Prime Minister (1974–1977)==
[[File:Rabin and Peres visit Israeli MissleBoat SQN 1975.jpg|thumb|right| Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Defense Minister Shimon Peres visiting the Missile Boat Flotilla in 1975]]
[[File:Carter - Rabin 07-03-1977.png|thumb|Rabin as Prime Minister with US President [[Jimmy Carter]] in 1977]]
Following Golda Meir's resignation in April 1974, Rabin [[1974 Israeli Labor Party leadership election|was elected party leader]], after he defeated [[Shimon Peres]]. The rivalry between these two Labour leaders remained fierce and they competed several times in the next two decades for the leadership role, and even for who deserved credit for government achievements.<ref>{{cite news|url=httphttps://articleswww.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-29/news/-mn-21196_1_rabin21196-peres-jordanstory.html|title=Rivalry Between Rabin, Peres Rekindled Over Who Deserves Credit for Jordan Pact |last=Parks|first=Michael|date=29 July 1994|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref> Rabin succeeded [[Golda Meir]] as [[Prime Minister of Israel]] on 3 June 1974. This was a coalition government, including [[Ratz (political party)|Ratz]], the [[Independent Liberals (Israel)|Independent Liberals]], Progress and Development and the Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers. This arrangement, with a bare [[Majority government|parliamentary majority]], held for a few months and was one of the few periods in Israel's history where the religious parties were not part of the coalition. The [[National Religious Party]] joined the coalition on 30 October 1974 and Ratz left on 6 November.
 
In foreign policy, the major development at the beginning of Rabin's term was the [[Sinai Interim Agreement]] between Israel and Egypt, signed on 1 September 1975. Both countries declared that the conflict between them and in the Middle East shall not be resolved by military force but by peaceful means.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/process/docs/egypt_interim_eng.htm |title=Interim Agreement between Israel and Egypt |publisher=Knesset.gov.il |access-date=31 August 2011}}</ref> This agreement followed [[Henry Kissinger]]'s shuttle diplomacy and a threatened [[Gerald Ford#Foreign policy|"reassessment"]] of the United States' regional policy and its relations with Israel. Rabin notes it was "an innocent-sounding term that heralded one of the worst periods in American–Israeli relations."<ref>Yitzak Rabin, ''The Rabin Memoirs'', {{ISBN|978-0-520-20766-0}}, p. 261</ref> But the agreement was an important step towards the [[Camp David Accords]] of 1978 and the [[Egyptian–IsraeliEgypt–Israel Peacepeace Treatytreaty|peace treaty with Egypt]] signed in 1979.
 
[[Entebbe raid|Operation Entebbe]] was perhaps the most dramatic event during Rabin's first term of office. On his orders, the IDF performed a long-range undercover raid to rescue passengers of an [[Aircraft hijacking|airliner hijacked]] by militants belonging to the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]'s [[Wadie Haddad]] faction and the German [[Revolutionary Cells (RZ)|Revolutionary Cells]] (RZ), who had been brought to [[Idi Amin]]'s [[Uganda]].<ref name="name of reference goes here">{{cite book|title=The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership|last=Avner|first=Yehuda|author-link=Yehuda Avner|year=2010|publisher=The Toby Press|isbn=978-1-59264-278-6 |pages=303–18}}</ref> The operation was generally considered a tremendous success, and its spectacular character has made it the subject of much continued comment and study.
 
Towards the end of 1976 his coalition government with the religious parties suffered a crisis: A [[motion of no confidence]] had been brought by [[Agudat Yisrael]] over a breach of the [[Shabbat|Sabbath]] on an Israeli Air Force base when four [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15]] jets were delivered from the US and the National Religious Party had abstained. Rabin dissolved his government and decided on new elections, [[1977 Israeli legislative election|which were to be held in May 1977]].
 
Rabin was narrowly reelected as party leader over Shimon Peres [[February 1977 Israeli Labor Party leadership election|in February 1977]].<ref name="Kenig">{{cite journal |last1=Kenig |first1=Ofer |title=Democratizing Party Leadership Selection in Israel: A Balance Sheet |journal=Israel Studies Forum |date=2009 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=62–81 |jstor=41805011 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41805011 |access-date=25 January 2022 |issn=1557-2455}}</ref>
 
Following the March 1977 meeting between Rabin and U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]], Rabin publicly announced that the U.S. supported the Israeli idea of defensible borders; Carter then issued a clarification. A "fallout" in U.S./Israeli relations ensued. It is thought that the fallout contributed to the Israeli Labor Party's defeat in the May 1977 elections.<ref>[[William B. Quandt]] (2005) ''Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab–Israeli Conflict Since 1967'' University of California Press, {{ISBN|978-0-520-24631-7}} and {{ISBN|978-0-520-24631-7}} p. 182</ref> On 15 March 1977, ''Haaretz'' journalist Dan Margalit revealed that a [[Dollar Account affair|joint dollar account]] in the names of Yitzhak and Leah Rabin, opened in a Washington, D.C., bank during Rabin's term of office as Israel ambassador (1968–73), was still open, in breach of Israeli law.<ref>{{cite book|last=Avner|first=Yehuda|title=The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership|year=2010|publisher=The Toby Press|isbn=978-1-59264-278-6}}</ref> According to Israeli currency regulations at the time, it was illegal for citizens to maintain foreign bank accounts without prior authorization. Rabin resigned on 7 April 1977, following the revelation by ''[[Maariv (newspaper)|Maariv]]'' journalist S. Isaac Mekel that the Rabins held two accounts in Washington, not one, containing $10,000, and that a Finance Ministry administrative penalty committee fined them [[Israeli pound|IL]]150,000.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 1977 |title=Rabin Resigns Following Probe into Illegal Bank Accounts Held by Him and His Wife in Washington |url=http://pdfs.jta.org/1977/1977-04-08_068.pdf?_ga=2.91740186.1850736568.1681577125-689563089.1681577125 |access-date=9 June 2013 |publisher=JTA |datequote=8 April 1977}} ("JERUSALEM, April 7 (JTA)-- Premier Yitzhak Rabin announced tonight that he was resigning...")}}</ref><ref>"{{Cite news |last=Torgerson |first=Dial |date=8 April 1977 |title=Israel's Rabin Quits in Financial Scandal— Prime Minister Resigning to Share Trial With Wife Over Illegal Bank Account", by Dial Torgerson, ''|work=Los Angeles Times'', 8 April 1977, p.|pages=I-1}}</ref> Rabin withdrew from the party leadership and candidacy for prime minister.
 
==Opposition Knesset member (1977–1984)==
Line 193 ⟶ 195:
After the announcement of the [[Oslo Accords]] there were many protest demonstrations in Israel objecting to the Accords. As these protests dragged on, Rabin insisted that as long as he had a majority in the [[Knesset]] he would ignore the protests and the protesters. In this context he said, "they (the protesters) can spin around and around like propellers"<ref>{{cite news |title=Her Grandfather, His Legacy |author=Leora Eren Frucht |url=http://info.jpost.com/C005/Supplements/Rabin/5.01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060324012050/http://info.jpost.com/C005/Supplements/Rabin/5.01.html |archive-date=24 March 2006 |work=Jerusalem Post |date= 3 November 2000 |access-date=3 April 2012}}</ref> but he would continue on the path of the Oslo Accords. Rabin's parliamentary majority rested on non-coalition member Arab support.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rabinovich|first=Itamar|title=Israel in the Middle East: documents and readings on society, politics, and foreign relations, pre-1948 to the present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iVJR9UZnTVAC&q=rabin+knesset+majority+jews+arabs&pg=PA186|isbn=978-0-87451-962-4|year=2008}}</ref> Rabin also denied the right of American Jews to object to his plan for peace, calling any such dissent "[[chutzpah]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shmuelkatz.com/Articles/YitzhakRabinsOwnChutzpah.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055919/http://www.shmuelkatz.com/Articles/YitzhakRabinsOwnChutzpah.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=live|title=Yitzhak Rabin's Own Chutzpah...|newspaper=Jewish Daily Forward|date=20 October 1995|first=Shmuel|last=Katz}}</ref> The Oslo agreement was also opposed by [[Hamas]] and other Palestinian factions, which launched [[List of Palestinian suicide attacks#1990s|suicide bombings]] at Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/22/world/bus-bombing-kills-five-in-jerusalem-100-are-wounded.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Bus bombing kills five in Jerusalem; 100 are wounded|newspaper=New York Times|date=22 August 1995|first=Serge|last=Schmemann}}</ref>
 
After the historical handshake with Yasser Arafat,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/20-years-on-rabins-right-hand-man-regrets-arguments-won-and-lost/|title=20 years on, Rabin's right-hand man regrets arguments won, and lost|newspaper=The Times of Israel|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> Rabin said, on behalf of the Israeli people,
<blockquote>
"We who have fought against you, the Palestinians, we say to you today, in a loud and a clear voice; Enough of blood and tears. Enough!"<ref>{{cite book|first=Yitzhak|last=Rabin|title=The Rabin Memoirs, Expanded Edition with Recent Speeches, New Photographs, and an Afterword|date=17 November 1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-20766-0|page=401|quote=Let me say to you, the Palestinians: We are destined to live together, on the same soil in the same land. We, the soldiers who have returned from battle stained with blood, we who have seen our relatives and friends killed before our eyes, we who have attended their funerals and cannot look into the eyes of parents and orphans, we who have come from a land where parents bury their children, we who have fought against you, the Palestinians – we say to you today in a loud and clear voice; Enough of blood and tears. Enough.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gb8sjKSTvFwC&q=We+say+to+you+today+in+a+loud+and+clear+voice%3A+Enough+of+blood+and+tears.+Enough.&pg=PA401}}</ref><ref name=DicusUPI1993>{{cite web |author=Dicus, Howard |year=1993 |title=1993 Year in Review: Israeli-Palestinian Peace Treaty |url=http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1993/Israeli-Palestinian-Peace-Treaty/12315348902747-2/ |publisher=United Press International |access-date=16 September 2012}}</ref>
</blockquote>
During this term of office, Rabin also oversaw the signing of the [[Israel–Jordan peace treaty]] in 1994.<ref name=DicusuPI1994>{{cite web |year=1994 |author=Dicus, Howard |title=1994 Year in Review: Treaty between Israel and Jordan and Peace in Ireland |url=http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1994/Treaty-between-Israel-and-Jordan-and-Peace-in-Ireland/12295509437788-4/ |publisher=United Press International |access-date=16 September 2012}}</ref>
 
===Economic and social reforms===
Line 199 ⟶ 205:
 
===Nobel Peace Prize===
{{expand section|date=May 2024}}
{{Quote box
| quote = I always believed that most of the people want peace and are ready to take a risk for it.
| source = —Rabin declared to the rally in 1995, shortly before his death.<ref name="Schmemann 1995 n958">{{cite web | last=Schmemann | first=Serge | title=ASSASSINATION IN ISRAEL: THE OVERVIEW;RABIN SLAIN AFTER PEACE RALLY IN TEL AVIV; ISRAELI GUNMAN HELD; SAYS HE ACTED ALONE | website=The New York Times | date=5 Nov 1995 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/05/world/assassination-israel-overview-rabin-slain-after-peace-rally-tel-aviv-israeli.html | access-date=1 May 2024}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 22em
}}
[[File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE LAUREATES FOR 1994 IN OSLO..jpg|thumb|(right to left) Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat receiving the Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords]]
 
For his role in the creation of the Oslo Accords, Rabin was awarded the 1994 [[Nobel Peace Prize]], along with [[Yasser Arafat]] and [[Shimon Peres]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/rabin-bio.html |title=Yitzhak Rabin – Biographical|publisher=Nobelprize.org |access-date=31 August 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/ Nobel Prize.org] 1994 Nobel Prize Laureates</ref> The"[M]any AccordsPalestinians greatly divided Israeli society, with some seeing Rabin as a hero for advancingviewed the cause of peace andtreaty somewith seeing himIsrael as a traitor for giving away land they viewed as rightfully belonging to Israel. Many Israelis on the right wing often blame him for Jewish deaths in terror attacks, attributing them to thetemporary Oslomeasure agreementsonly".<ref>{{cite book |last=Karsh |first=Efraim |title=Islamic Imperialism: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicimperiali00kars |url-access=registration |quote=many Palestinians viewed the peace treaty with Israel as a temporary measure only. |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicimperiali00kars/page/181 181] |isbn=978-0-300-10603-9}}</ref>
 
<blockquote>Military cemeteries in every corner of the world are silent testimony to the failure of national leaders to sanctify human life.
Line 212 ⟶ 225:
On the evening of 4 November 1995 (12th of [[Heshvan]] on the Hebrew calendar),<ref>[http://www.hebcal.com/converter/?gd=4&gm=11&gy=1995&gs=on&g2h=Convert+Gregorian+to+Hebrew+date 4 November 1995] ''hebcal''</ref> Rabin was assassinated by [[Yigal Amir]], a law student and [[Far-right politics|right-wing extremist]] who opposed the signing of the [[Oslo Accords]]. Rabin had been attending a mass rally at the [[Rabin Square|Kings of Israel Square]] (now Rabin Square) in [[Tel Aviv]], held in support of the Oslo Accords. When the rally ended, Rabin walked down the city hall steps towards the open door of his car, at which point Amir fired three shots at Rabin with a [[semi-automatic pistol]]. Two shots hit Rabin, and the third lightly injured Yoram Rubin, one of Rabin's bodyguards. Rabin was taken to the nearby [[Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center|Ichilov Hospital]], where he died on the operating table of blood loss and two punctured [[human lung|lungs]]. Amir was immediately seized by Rabin's bodyguards and police. He was later tried, found guilty, and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]]. After an emergency cabinet meeting, Israel's foreign minister, [[Shimon Peres]], was appointed as acting Israeli prime minister.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_2514000/2514437.stm BBC] On This Day</ref>
 
Rabin's assassination shocked the Israeli public and much of the rest of the world. Hundreds of thousands of Israelis gathered at the square where Rabin was assassinated to mourn his death. Young people, in particular, turned out in large numbers, lighting memorial candles and singing peace songs. On 6 November 1995, he was buried on [[Mount Herzl]]. Rabin's funeral was attended by many world leaders, among them U.S. president [[Bill Clinton]], Australian Prime Minister [[Paul Keating]], Egyptian president [[Hosni Mubarak]], and [[King Hussein of Jordan]]. Clinton delivered a eulogy whose final words were in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] – "Shalom, haver" ({{lang-he|שלום חבר}}, |lit. ''=Goodbye, friend''}}).<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9511/rabin/umbrella/index.html The Assassination and Funeral of Yitzhak Rabin] CNN</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jafi.org.il/education/jewish/haver.html |title=Shalom haver |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623191631/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/jewish/haver.html |archive-date=23 June 2009 }}</ref>
 
The square where he was assassinated, ''Kikar Malkhei Yisrael'' (Kings of Israel Square), was renamed [[Rabin Square]] in his honor. Many other streets and public institutions in Israel have also subsequently been named after him. After his assassination, Rabin was hailed as a national symbol and came to embody the ethos of the "Israeli peace camp," despite his military career and hawkish views earlier in life.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010303172917/http://info.jpost.com/1998/Supplements/Rabin/7.html Jpost] "Third anniversary commemoration, Yitzhak Rabin: The Sabra, the Mensch'' By Abraham Rabinovich</ref> In November 2000, his wife Leah died and was buried alongside him.
Line 236 ⟶ 249:
File:Yitzhak Rabin Walk.JPG|Yitzhak Rabin Walk in Queens, New York City
File:Rabin Memorial.JPG|A memorial stone honouring Rabin in [[Wellington|Wellington, New Zealand]]
File:מרכז יצחק רבין מכיוון החניה מדרום.jpg|Yitzhak Rabin Center
</gallery>
 
Line 395 ⟶ 409:
 
==References==
{{reflist|33em}}
 
== Sources ==
Line 524 ⟶ 538:
[[Category:Members of the 12th Knesset (1988–1992)]]
[[Category:Members of the 13th Knesset (1992–1996)]]
[[Category:Ministers of Defensedefense of Israel]]
[[Category:Ministers of Educationeducation of Israel]]
[[Category:Ministers of Healthhealth of Israel]]
[[Category:Ministers of Internalinternal Affairsaffairs of Israel]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Palmach members]]
Line 534 ⟶ 548:
[[Category:People murdered in Israel]]
[[Category:1995 murders in Israel]]
[[Category:Prime Ministersministers of Israel]]
[[Category:Israeli secular Jews]]
[[Category:Terrorism deaths in Israel]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award]]
[[Category:1990s assassinatedAsian politicians assassinated in Asiathe 1990s]]
[[Category:AssassinatedPoliticians politiciansassassinated in 1995]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of the British military]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Mandatory Palestine]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin"