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'''Glasgow''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ɡ|l|ɑː|z|ɡ|oʊ|,_|ˈ|ɡ|l|æ|z|-|,_|ˈ|ɡ|l|ɑː|s|-|,_|ˈ|ɡ|l|æ|s|-|audio=Pronunciation of Glasgow English.ogg}} {{respell|GLA(H)Z|goh|,_|GLA(H)SS|-}} {{efn|{{lang-gd|Glaschu}} {{IPA|gd|ˈkl̪ˠas̪əxu|}}; {{lang-sco|Glesca}} {{IPA|sco|ˈɡleskə|}} or {{lang|sco|Glesga}} {{IPA|sco|ˈɡlezɡə|}}, among other spellings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/glesca|title=Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: glesca}}</ref>}}; {{lang-gd|Glaschu}} {{IPA-gd|ˈkl̪ˠas̪əxu|}}) is the [[Cities of Scotland|most populous city in Scotland]], located on the banks of the [[River Clyde]] in [[Strathclyde|west central]] [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Scottish Cities {{!}} Scotland.org |url=https://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/scotlands-cities |website=Scotland |access-date=11 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The city is the [[List of cities in the United Kingdom|third-most-populous city]] in the [[United Kingdom]]<ref>{{cite web |title=United Kingdom - Largest cities |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/275359/largest-cities-in-the-united-kingdom/ |website=Statista |access-date=11 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and the 27th-most-populous city in [[Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1101883/largest-european-cities/ |title=Largest European cities 2020 |website=Statista |access-date=31 January 2021 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205155047/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1101883/largest-european-cities/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, it had an estimated population as a defined locality of{{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Glasgow}} and anchored an [[List of towns and cities in Scotland#Settlements|urban settlement]] of{{Scottish settlement populations|name|POP=Greater Glasgow}}.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement close to [[Glasgow Cathedral]] and descending to the [[River Clyde]] to become the largest seaport in Scotland, and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain. Expanding from the [[medieval]] [[Archbishop of Glasgow|bishopric]] and episcopal [[burgh]] (subsequently [[royal burgh]]), and the later establishment of the [[University of Glasgow]] in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the [[Scottish Enlightenment]] in the 18th century. From the 18th century onwards, the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of oceanic trade with [[British America|North America]] and the [[British West Indies|West Indies]]; soon followed by the [[Orient]], [[India]], and [[China]]. With the onset of the [[Industrial Revolution]], the population and economy of Glasgow and the surrounding region expanded rapidly to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of chemicals, textiles and engineering; most notably in the [[shipbuilding]] and [[Naval architecture|marine engineering]] industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was the "Second City of the [[British Empire]]" for much of the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian era]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/victorian/trails_victorian_glasgow.shtml |title=Victorian Glasgow |access-date=14 September 2010 |publisher=BBC History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514172952/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/victorian/trails_victorian_glasgow.shtml |archive-date=14 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/AboutGlasgow/History/The+Second+City.htm |title=About Glasgow: The Second City of the Empire – the 19th century |access-date=9 July 2007 |publisher=Glasgow City Council |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402171109/http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/AboutGlasgow/History/The%2BSecond%2BCity.htm |archive-date=2 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fraser |first=W H |url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/storyd.php |title=Second City of The Empire: 1830s to 1914 |access-date=7 January 2008 |publisher=University of Glasgow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105124204/http://www.theglasgowstory.com/storyd.php |archive-date=5 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McIlvanney |first=W |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/culture/vibrant6-glasgow.html |title=Glasgow – city of reality |access-date=7 January 2008 |publisher=Scotland – the official online gateway |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064459/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/culture/vibrant6-glasgow.html |archive-date=4 December 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Glasgow became a [[county of city|county]] in 1893, the city having previously been in the [[Shires of Scotland|historic county]] of [[Lanarkshire]], and later growing to also include settlements that were once part of [[Renfrewshire]] and [[Dunbartonshire]]. It now forms the Glasgow City Council area, one of the 32 [[council areas of Scotland]], and is administered by [[Glasgow City Council]]. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Glasgow's population grew rapidly, reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938 (with a higher density and within a smaller territory than in subsequent decades).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E3BE21DA-4D84-4CC4-9C02-2E526FDD9169/0/4population.pdf |title=Factsheet 4: Population |publisher=Glasgow City Council |access-date=9 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703130648/http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E3BE21DA-4D84-4CC4-9C02-2E526FDD9169/0/4population.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2007}}</ref> The population was greatly reduced following comprehensive [[urban renewal]] projects in the 1960s which resulted in large-scale relocation of people to designated [[new town]]s, such as [[Cumbernauld]], [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]], [[East Kilbride]] and peripheral suburbs, followed by successive boundary changes. Over 1,000,000 people live in the [[Greater Glasgow]] contiguous urban area, while the wider [[Glasgow City Region]] is home to over 1,800,000 people (its defined [[functional urban area]] total was almost the same in 2020),<ref>{{cite web |title=Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs |url=https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_FUA_DEMO%40DF_AGE_SEX&df[ag]=OECD.CFE.EDS&fs[0]=Topic%2C1%7CRegions&pg=0&fc=Topic&bp=true&snb=17&pd=%2C&dq=UK001F%2BUK002F%2BUK003F%2BUK004F%2BUK006F%2BUK007F%2BUK008F%2BUK009F%2BUK010F%2BUK011F%2BUK012F%2BUK013F%2BUK014F%2BUK016F%2BUK017F%2BUK018F%2BUK019F%2BUK021F%2BUK022F%2BUK023F%2BUK024F%2BUK025F%2BUK026F%2BUK027F%2BUK029F%2BUK031F%2BUK033F%2BUK034F%2BUK041F%2BUK043F%2BUK044F%2BUK045F%2BUK046F%2BUK047F%2BUK050F%2BUK051F%2BUK055F%2BUK056F%2BUK059F%2BUK062F%2BUK506F%2BUK510F%2BUK513F%2BUK515F%2BUK516F%2BUK517F%2BUK518F%2BUK520F%2BUK525F%2BUK528F%2BUK531F%2BUK532F%2BUK533F%2BUK535F%2BUK539F%2BUK542F%2BUK543F%2BUK545F%2BUK546F%2BUK548F%2BUK549F%2BUK550F%2BUK551F%2BUK552F%2BUK553F%2BUK554F%2BUK556F%2BUK557F%2BUK558F%2BUK559F%2BUK560F%2BUK561F%2BUK562F%2BUK566F%2BUK567F%2BUK568F%2BUK569F%2BUK571F%2BUK572F%2BUK573F%2BUK575F%2BUK576F%2BUK580F%2BUK582F%2BUK583F%2BUK586F%2BGBR.A..._T...CTRY%2BFUA&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&lo=5&lom=LASTNPERIODS&vw=tb&ly[rw]=REF_AREA%2CTERRITORIAL_LEVEL&ly[cl]=TIME_PERIOD |website=OECD Data Explorer |publisher=OECD|quote=Glasgow...1,847,200}}</ref> equating to around 33% of Scotland's population
Glasgow's major cultural institutions enjoy international reputations including The [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland]], [[Burrell Collection]], [[Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum]], [[Royal Scottish National Orchestra]], [[BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra]], [[Scottish Ballet]] and [[Scottish Opera]]. The city was the [[European Capital of Culture]] in 1990 and is notable for its [[Architecture of Glasgow|architecture]], [[Culture in Glasgow|culture]], [[Media in Glasgow|media]], [[List of bands from Glasgow|music scene]], [[Sport in Glasgow|sports clubs]] and [[Transport in Glasgow|transport connections]]. It is the fifth-most-visited city in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tripsavvy.com/popular-uk-cities-for-international-visitors-1661845 |title=Top 20 Most Popular Cities in the UK for International Visitors| access-date=9 July 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709150510/https://www.tripsavvy.com/popular-uk-cities-for-international-visitors-1661845| archive-date=9 July 2019| url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is also well known in the sporting world for football, particularly for the [[Old Firm]] rivalry.
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In the 1960s and 1970s, many [[Asians]] also settled in Glasgow, mainly in the [[Pollokshields]] area. These number 30,000 [[Pakistani people|Pakistanis]], 15,000 [[Indian people|Indians]] and 3,000 [[Bangladeshi people|Bangladeshis]] as well as [[Cantonese people|Chinese]] people, many of whom settled in the [[Garnethill]] area of the city.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}} The city is also home to some 8,406 (1.42%) [[Polish people|Poles]].<ref name=crer>{{cite web |url=http://www.crer.org.uk/Census/GCCCensus2011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403043038/http://www.crer.org.uk/Census/GCCCensus2011.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2017 |title=2011 Population census data |website=crer.org.uk}}</ref> Since 2000, the UK government has pursued a policy of dispersal of [[Immigration to the United Kingdom since 1922|asylum seekers]] to ease pressure on social housing in the [[London]] area. In 2023, 88% of the near 5,100 asylum seekers in the whole of Scotland were living in Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethnic minorities: population composition |url=https://www.scotpho.org.uk/population-groups/ethnic-minorities/data/population-composition/ |publisher=The Scottish Public Health Observatory |access-date=23 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Asylum and resettlement datasets |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/asylum-and-resettlement-datasets |website=gov.uk |date=24 August 2023 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=24 August 2023}}</ref>
Since the [[United Kingdom Census 2001]] the population decline has been reversed. The population was static for a time; but due to migration from other parts of Scotland as well as immigration from overseas, the population has begun to grow. The population of the city council area was 593,245 in 2011<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Bulletin |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release1a/rel1asb.pdf |publisher=National Records of Scotland |access-date=17 October 2013 |date=17 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017045500/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release1a/rel1asb.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and around 2,300,000 people live in the Glasgow [[travel to work area]].<ref name=spt>{{cite web |url=http://www.spt.co.uk/Publications/interchange/issue07.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613072504/http://www.spt.co.uk/Publications/interchange/issue07.html |archive-date=13 June 2007 |title=Minister backs SPT on White Paper |date=September 2004 |website=Interchange Issue 7 |publisher=Strathclyde Partnership for Transport |access-date=9 July 2007}}</ref> This area is defined as consisting of over 10% of residents travelling into Glasgow to work and is without fixed boundaries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/01/15950/15151 |title=Review of Scotland's Cities – Transport within the City and the City-Region |publisher=Scottish Executive |access-date=12 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012032819/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/01/15950/15151 |archive-date=12 October 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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{{Main|Media in Glasgow}}
[[File:BBC Scotland 2.JPG|thumb|[[Pacific Quay]] is the home of the headquarters of Scotland's main broadcaster, [[BBC Scotland]], based at [[BBC Pacific Quay]]]]
[[File:The Herald Building, 145-195 (Odd Nos) Albion Street, Glasgow, 2018-06-28 angle.jpg|thumb|right|''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]'' building on Albion Street]]
There has been a considerable number of films made about Glasgow or in Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web |title=Glasgow at the Moving Image Archive |url=http://movingimage.nls.uk/search?search_term=glasgow&videoAccess=r |website=Moving Image Archive |publisher=National Library of Scotland |access-date=17 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318182906/http://movingimage.nls.uk/search?search_term=glasgow&videoAccess=r |archive-date=18 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Both [[BBC Scotland]] and [[STV (TV network)|STV]] have their headquarters in Glasgow. Television programs filmed in Glasgow include ''[[Rab C. Nesbitt]]'', ''[[Taggart (series)|Taggart]]'', ''[[Tutti Frutti (1987 TV series)|Tutti Frutti]]'', ''[[High Times (TV series)|High Times]]'', ''[[River City]]'', ''[[City Lights (1984 TV series)|City Lights]]'', ''[[Chewin' the Fat]]'', ''[[Still Game]]'', ''[[Limmy's Show]]'' and ''[[Lovesick (TV series)|Lovesick]]''. Most recently,{{When|date=September 2024}} the long-running series ''[[Question Time (TV series)|Question Time]]'' and the early-evening quiz programme ''[[Eggheads (TV series)|Eggheads]]'' moved its production base to the city. Most National Lottery game shows are also filmed in Glasgow. Children's game show ''[[Copycats]]'' is filmed there, and the Irish/UK programme ''[[Mrs. Brown's Boys]]'' is filmed at BBC Scotland.
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==Healthcare==
[[File:QEUH.jpg|thumb|right|[[Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]] is the largest hospital campus in Europe.]]
Medical care in and around Glasgow is provided by [[NHS Scotland]] and is directly administered by [[NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde]]. Major hospitals, including those with [[Emergency department|Accident & Emergency]] provision, are: the [[Western Infirmary]], [[Gartnavel General Hospital]], [[Glasgow Royal Infirmary]] and the [[Glasgow Dental Hospital and School|Dental Hospital]] in the city Centre, [[Stobhill Hospital]] in the North and the [[Glasgow Victoria Infirmary|Victoria Infirmary]] and [[Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]] in the South Side. [[Gartnavel Royal Hospital]] and The Priory are the two major psychiatric hospitals based in Glasgow.
The [[Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]] (QEUH) Campus is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in [[Govan]] in the south-west of Glasgow. The hospital is built on the site of the former [[Southern General Hospital]] and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a newly built 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major A&E departments, one for adults and one for children in addition to buildings retained from the former hospital. The QEUH is the Regional Major Trauma Centre for the west of Scotland<ref name="Healthcare Improvement Scotland">{{cite web |url=http://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/our_work/inspecting_and_regulating_care/opah_greater_glasgow_and_clyde/qeuh_dec_15.aspx |title=HIS : Queen Elizabeth University Hospital |website=healthcareimprovementscotland.org |access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141621/http://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/our_work/inspecting_and_regulating_care/opah_greater_glasgow_and_clyde/qeuh_dec_15.aspx |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and is also the largest hospital campus in Europe.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/13078939.Scotshield_wins_hospital_fire_system_contract/ |title=Scotshield wins hospital fire system contract |first=Ian |last=McConnell |work=The Herald |date=30 October 2012 |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716203303/http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/13078939.Scotshield_wins_hospital_fire_system_contract/ |archive-date=16 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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===Rugby union===
Glasgow has a professional [[rugby union]] club, the [[Glasgow Warriors]], which plays in the [[European Rugby Champions Cup]] and [[
In the Scottish League, [[Glasgow Hawks RFC]] was formed in 1997 by the merger of two of Glasgow's oldest clubs: [[Glasgow Academicals RFC|Glasgow Academicals]] and [[Glasgow High Kelvinside]] (GHK). Despite the merger, the second division teams of Glasgow Academicals and Glasgow High Kelvinside re-entered the Scottish rugby league in 1998.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/sport/rugby-union/cup-put-feather-cap-glasgow-hawks-1539577|title=Cup that put feather in the cap of Glasgow Hawks|date=16 April 2014|newspaper=The Scotsman|access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref>
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On 9 November 2007, Glasgow was selected to be the host city of the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]]. The games were held at a number of existing and newly constructed sporting venues across the city, including a refurbished [[Hampden Park]], [[Kelvingrove Park]], [[Kelvin Hall]], and the [[OVO Hydro]] at the [[Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre|SECC]]. The opening ceremony was held at Celtic Park. 2014 was the third time the Games have been held in Scotland.<ref>[http://www.glasgow2014.com/ Glasgow 2014, Commonwealth Games Candidate] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108125222/http://www.glasgow2014.com/ |date=8 November 2014}} www.glasgow2014.com</ref><ref name=RobertMcAlpine>{{cite web |url=http://www.sir-robert-mcalpine.com/projects/?id=18682 |title=National Indoor Sports Arena |year=2011 |publisher=Robert McAlpine |access-date=22 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726032241/http://www.sir-robert-mcalpine.com/projects/?id=18682 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 17 September 2024, Glasgow was chosen as host as the [[2026 Commonwealth Games]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=2026 Update – Government Confirmation |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/news/4120693/2026-update-government-confirmation |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Commonwealth Sport |language=en}}</ref> due to [[Victoria bid for the 2026 Commonwealth Games|Victoria]] (
Glasgow was the Scottish host city for the pan–European [[UEFA Euro 2020]] tournament, with the group of 16 matches being played at the city's [[Hampden Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Latest COVID information UEFA EURO 2020 Glasgow |date=29 January 2019 |url=https://www.hampdenpark.co.uk/see-and-do/euro-2020.html |publisher=Hampden Park |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref> In 2023, Scotland, along with [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Republic of Ireland]] and [[Wales]], were confirmed hosts for the [[UEFA Euro 2028]] tournament, again with Hampden Stadium being the selected Scottish stadium to host matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Euro 2028: Hampden to get 'realistic' upgrade as update given on stadium and lowest ticket prices |url=https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/euro-2028-hampden-to-get-realistic-upgrade-as-update-given-on-stadium-and-lowest-ticket-prices-4367244 |publisher=The Scotsman |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref>
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