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{{more footnotes|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|image=Geo-Polish officers.jpg
|flag = {{flagicon|Georgia}} {{flagicon|Poland}}▼
|group=Georgians in Poland
|popplace=[[Warsaw]]
|total=536 including second-identity responses
|total_year
|total_source=census
| langs = [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Polish language|Polish]]▼
|total_ref=<ref name=gus>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/LUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf|title=Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna. Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011|year=2013|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|pages=263, 266|isbn=978-83-7027-521-1}}</ref>
|rels=[[Georgian Orthodox Church]], [[Roman Catholicism]]
|related =
}}
{{Georgians}}
'''Georgians in Poland''' ({{Lang-ka|ქართველები პოლონეთში|tr}}) form a small population, although their presence is attested since the [[early modern period]].
==History==
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[[Bogdan Gurdziecki]], a Georgian, who was the greatest authority on all things Persian working in the Polish king's diplomatic service, made frequent diplomatic trips to Persia, on which he obtained, among other things, guarantees upholding earlier privileges for missionaries. Already during the rule of King [[John II Casimir of Poland|Jan Kazimierz]], he sent on missions to Isfahan, and King Jan III Sobieski availed himself of Gurdziecki's talents in like manner (in 1668, 1671, 1676–1678, in 1682–1684, and in 1687). Gurdziecki remained at the court of the shah for several years in the capacity of special resident and representative of the Polish king; it was he who delivered to the shah Suleiman news about the victory of the Christian forces at Vienna (1683).
In the late 18th century, Poland lost its independence in the course of the [[Partitions of Poland]], and its territory was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] (later [[German Empire|Germany]]), [[Russian Empire|Russia]] and [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]], while Georgia was annexed by Russia in the 19th century. In 1832, the Russians discovered a Georgian independence conspiracy and then deported some of its participants to the [[Russian Partition]] of Poland, including [[Giorgi Eristavi]], Georgian poet and playwright, who learned Polish during his exile and later translated poems of the Polish national poet [[Adam Mickiewicz]] into Georgian.{{sfn|Woźniak|1992|p=29}} In 1863, Petre Nakashidze, future Georgian lecturer and activist, was an eyewitness of the Polish [[January Uprising]] in the Russian Partition of Poland. His accounts began to be published by the Georgian press, but after the first part was published, the Russian censorship intervened and stopped the publication of the subsequent parts.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Woźniak|first=Andrzej|year=1995|title=Gruzińskie echa "polskiego powstania"|journal=Niepodległość i Pamięć|language=pl|publisher=Muzeum Niepodległości w Warszawie|issue=2/1 (2)|pages=161–162|issn=1427-1443}}</ref> The commander of the [[Dęblin Fortress|Dęblin]] and [[Warsaw Fortress|Warsaw]] fortresses was [[Ivane Kazbegi]], who later settled in restored [[Second Polish Republic|independent Poland]] in the [[interbellum]] and joined the Polish Army.{{sfn|Woźniak|1992|p=30}} Young Georgians came to study in [[Warsaw]], where they sought inspiration and examples for their national liberation activity.{{sfn|Woźniak|1992|p=31}} In Warsaw, Georgian students founded the League for the Liberation of Georgia, which was discovered by Russians and its members were arrested, including future writer [[Shio Aragvispireli]].{{sfn|Woźniak|1992|p=31}} Future leader of [[Democratic Republic of Georgia|independent Georgia]] and then the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in Exile|Georgian government-in-exile]] [[Noe Zhordania]] studied at the Veterinary Institute in Warsaw.{{sfn|Woźniak|1992|p=31}}
Several Georgian politicians, intellectuals and military officers left Georgia for Poland after the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] armies [[Red Army invasion of Georgia|invaded]] the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]] (DRG) in February 1921, taking over the government and establishing the [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic]] in the same March. Although not very numerous and consisting of a few hundred members, the Georgian community of Poland was very active politically and culturally. The best remembered are, however, the Georgian military personnel who served in the [[Military of Poland|Polish ranks]] from the early 1920s until the end of [[World War II]].
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===Georgian Prometheism===
Active diplomatic contacts developed between the short-lived DRG and Poland was part of [[Józef Piłsudski]]'s well-known political concept known as [[Prometheism]]. Its aim was to greatly reduce the power of the [[Russian Empire]] and subsequently, the [[Soviet Union]], by supporting nationalist independence movements of the major non-Russian peoples that lived within the borders of Russia or the Soviet Union.
▲[[Image:Geo-Polish officers.jpg|thumb|300px|Polish and Georgian officers serving in the [[Polish Army]], 1925]]
The Georgian Promethean groups were one of the most active within the movement. This was not overlooked by the [[Bolsheviks]], who in 1930 organized the assassination of [[Noe Ramishvili]], a prominent Georgian political leader and a major promoter of Prometheism.
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Several Georgian officers were captured by the Soviet forces during the 1939 campaign. General Chkheidze, Major Mamaladze, Captain Skhirtladze and Captain Rusiashvili were killed during the infamous [[Katyn Massacre]], from 1940 to 1941. Many others spent several years in the [[gulag]] camps.
[[File:Warszawa 9086.jpg|thumb|upright|Memorial to the Georgian officers of the [[Polish Army]] who sacrificed their lives to Poland, at the [[Warsaw Uprising Museum]]]]
During the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupation of Poland]], the Germans reorganized the [[Warsaw]]-based Committee of Georgia and placed it under their tight control. The occupation administration encouraged the Georgian soldiers in the Polish service to join the [[Georgian Legion (1941–1945)|Georgian Legion]] of the [[Wehrmacht]]. Some of them responded to the Nazi request, but subsequently joined the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance movement]]. The [[Georgian Orthodox]] priest and Professor [[Grigol Peradze]] of [[Warsaw University]] was killed on December 6, 1942 in the [[Nazi concentration camp]] of [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] ([[Oświęcim]]) when he took the blame for the murder of a German officer to spare his fellow prisoners, or, according to another report, when he entered a gas-chamber in the place of a Jewish prisoner who had a large family.<ref>Archpriest Zakaria Machitadze, Lives of the Georgian Saints, trans. David and Lauren Elizabeth Ninoshvili and ed. Lado Mirianashvili and the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood (Platina, Cal.: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 2006), 424-426.</ref>
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After the war, most Georgians either left for [[Western Europe]] or were deported to the Soviet camps though some of them (e.g., General [[Valerian Tevzadze]]) remained in the Polish anti-Communist underground for several decades.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
==
536 people declared Georgian nationality in the [[2011 Polish census]], of which 470 lived in cities and towns, and only 66 in rural areas.<ref name=gus/> Since the introduction of visa-free travel in 2017, there has been an increase in emigration from Georgia to Poland, mainly for work.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://polskatimes.pl/gruzini-coraz-czesciej-wybieraja-polske-przyjezdzaja-glownie-za-praca/ar/c1-15934507|title=Gruzini coraz częściej wybierają Polskę. Przyjeżdżają głównie za pracą|website=Polska Times|author=Leszek Rudziński|access-date=10 January 2024|language=pl}}</ref> In 2021 the number of Georgian citizens with valid [[residence permit]]s in Poland exceeded 10,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lodz.tvp.pl/57258588/rosnie-liczba-gruzinow-w-polsce-i-w-lodzkiem|title=Rośnie liczba Gruzinów w Polsce i w Łódzkiem|date=3 December 2021|website=TVP3 Łódź|access-date=10 January 2024|language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205201450/https://lodz.tvp.pl/57258588/rosnie-liczba-gruzinow-w-polsce-i-w-lodzkiem|archive-date=5 February 2022}}</ref>
* [[Georgia–Poland relations]]▼
==Notable people==
[[File:Chodkiewicza 16.jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|House of [[Zakaria Bakradze]] in [[Bydgoszcz]]]]
*[[Bogdan Gurdziecki]] (died 1700), Georgian-born Polish diplomat
*[[Giorgi Eristavi]] (1813–1864), playwright, poet, journalist, translator
*[[Ivane Kazbegi]] (1860–1943), military officer
*[[Shio Aragvispireli]] (1867–1926), writer
*[[Noe Zhordania]] (1868–1953), Georgian politician; studied in Warsaw
*[[Zakaria Bakradze]] (1868–1938), military officer
*[[Alexandre Chkheidze]] (1878–1940), military officer, victim of the Soviet Union
*[[Valerian Tevzadze]] (1894–1985), military officer, member of the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II]]
*[[Grigol Peradze]] (1899–1942), ecclesiastic figure, philologist, theologian, historian, victim of Nazi Germany
*[[Viktor Lomidze]] (1900–1956), military officer
*[[Jerzy Tumaniszwili]] (1916–2010), naval commander
==See also==
▲* [[Georgia–Poland relations]]
* [[Georgian diaspora]]
* [[Immigration to Poland]]
* [[Poles in Georgia]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Woźniak|first=Andrzej|editor-last=Kolbaja|editor-first=Dawid|year=1992|title=Pro Georgia II|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Towarzystwo Gruzińsko-Polskie|chapter=Gruzini w XIX-wiecznej Warszawie|isbn=83-900527-1-7}}
== External links ==
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{{Portal bar|Georgia (country)|Poland}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Poland]]
[[Category:Second Polish Republic]]
[[Category:20th century in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Polish people of Georgian descent| ]]
[[Category:Emigrants from Georgia (country) to Poland| ]]
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