Mapp v. Ohio: Difference between revisions

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==Case history==
[[Dollree Mapp|Dollree "Dolly" Mapp]] was a young woman in [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] who in the mid-1950s became involved in the illegal gambling operations of mobster and racketeer [[Shondor Birns]], who dominated organized crime in the city.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yardley |first1=William |title=Dollree Mapp, Who Defied Police Search in Landmark Case, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/10/us/dollree-mapp-who-defied-police-search-in-landmark-case-is-dead.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=1 November 2019 |date=9 December 2014}}</ref> On May 23, 1957, Cleveland police received an anonymous tip that a suspect named Virgil Ogletree might be found at Mapp's house, along with illegal betting slips and equipment employed in a "[[numbers game]]" set up by Mapp's boyfriend.<ref>Zotti, Priscilla. ''Injustice for All'' (Peter Lang, 2005).</ref> Ogletree was involved in the Cleveland illegal betting world, centered on the city's [[Downtown Cleveland#Short Vincent|Short Vincent]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Cleveland's Short Vincent: The Theatrical Grill and its Notorious Neighbors|last=Dutka|first=Alan F.|date=2012|publisher=Cleveland Landmarks Press|isbn=9780936760322|location=Cleveland|pages=26–33}}</ref> HeOgletree was wanted for questioning regarding his role in the bombing of the home of rival gambling racketeer (and future boxing promoter) [[Don King (boxing promoter)|Don King]]'s—who homelater threebecame daysa earliermajor [[boxing]] promoter. Three policemen went to Mapp's home, and asked for permission to enter, but Mapp, after consulting her lawyer by telephone, refused to admit them without a [[search warrant]]. Two officers left, and one remained, watching the house from across the street.
 
Three hours later, more police officers arrived and knocked on the door. When Mapp did not answer, they forced the door open. Mapp asked to see their search warrant, and was shown a piece of paper, which she snatched away from an officer, putting it inside her dress. The officers struggled with Mapp and recovered the piece of paper, which was not seen by her or her lawyers again, and was not introduced as evidence in any of the ensuing court proceedings. As the search of Mapp's second-floor, two-bedroom apartment began, police handcuffed her for being belligerent. The police searched the house thoroughly, and discovered Ogletree (who was eventually cleared on the bombing charge) hiding in the apartment of the downstairs tenant. In the search of Mapp's apartment and in a footlocker in the basement of the house, the police found betting slips.<ref name=Mapp>{{ussc|name=Mapp v. Ohio|volume=367|page=643|pin=|year=1961}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/363581/Mapp-v-Ohio |title=Mapp v. Ohio |last1=Duignan |first1=Brian |date=2012-05-25 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]] |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]] |access-date=March 19, 2014}}</ref> They also found a [[pistol]] and several pornographic books and pictures, which Mapp said a previous tenant had left behind.<ref name=Mapp/> The police arrested Mapp, and charged her with a [[misdemeanor]] count of possessing numbers-game paraphernalia, but she was acquitted.