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{{Short description|Indian tribe in California, United States}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=California Valley Miwok Tribe
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|poptime=
|popplace={{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|California}})
|langs=
|rels=
|related=other [[Miwok people|Miwok tribes]]
}}
The '''California Valley Miwok Tribe''' is a [[Federally recognized tribes|federally recognized tribe]] of [[Miwok people]] in [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]] and [[Calaveras County, California]].{{sfn|Pritzker|2000|pp=134–136}}<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:2WxnLbEe9nkJ:www.dot.ca.gov/dist10/divisions/Planning/ruraladmin/d10tribalmap306.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiMeGDR0CVDH0uIAhqnStp2dR-YrnZKB3NqqlyDFb8PnDcxQz7DsuSMfZhAUAwCAfJvjt9IFiZ1y649mp2sVjdEpkL8UlC8lAfBlxPaMt78QSvP_wp_uBB89POTEy7cnGCDh0sW&sig=AHIEtbS82JqFtBKK3ZEeC0Mdjy-UwU_u2g&pli=1 "Tribal Office Locations."] ''California Department of Transportation: District 10.'' Retrieved
==Government==
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Membership of the tribe was very low throughout the 20th century. In 1916, the federal government purchased {{convert|0.92|acres|ha}} at [[Sheep Ranch]], California for the benefit of 12 named members of the tribe.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=3}} They were described by the [[Indian agent]] who arranged the purchase as "the remnant of once quite a large band of Indians in former years living in or near the old decaying mining town known and designated on the map as 'Sheepranch' ".{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=3}} In 1935, the only Indian recorded as living on the [[ranchería]] was Jeff Davis.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=3}} Davis was recorded as voting in favor of the [[Indian Reorganization Act]] on June 8, 1912.{{sfn|Haas|1947|p=16}}
By 1966, Mabel Hodge Dixie was identified as the only adult member of the tribe living on the [[ranchería]].{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=3}} The [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] developed a plan to distribute the tribe's assets to her that year under the [[California Rancheria Termination Acts|1958 California Rancheria Act]], but never declared the tribe terminated or treated it as such.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=3}} In 1994, Mabel's son Yakima Dixie identified himself as "the only descendant and ... recognized member of the Tribe."{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=3}}
==Legal and membership disputes since 1999==
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A general council of all adult citizens was formed on November 5, 1998, and by late 1999 a dispute had arisen between Burley and Dixie.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=4}} Between 1999 and 2010, each party appealed to the BIA to support its view and to intervene on the grounds that the other had not involved the "whole tribal community" of both enrolled citizens and potentially enrolled citizens.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=4}} For much of this period, the BIA took the view that it had a duty to intervene in the tribe's affairs on behalf of potentially enrolled citizens of the tribe.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011}} In this respect, the BIA became the adjudicator between the claims of the competing parties, determining which decisions were valid and which members constituted the tribe's government.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=4}} In a December 22, 2010 decision, the BIA completely reversed its opinion, deciding that it had no obligation to represent the interests of potentially enrolled tribe members, and that therefore the BIA was free to wash its hands of involvement.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011}} the BIA advised the parties that, "continuing this imprudent dispute risks potential adverse consequences well beyond the Tribe and its descendants".{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=4, note 2}} The BIA noted that "it is ''equitably'' appropriate for the CVMT to reach out to potential citizens..." but that it is not a duty of the federal government to impose this requirement on the tribe.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011|p=6, note 3}} This decision was reaffirmed by Larry Echo Hawk, assistant secretary of Indian Affairs, in a detailed letter to the parties on August 31, 2011.{{sfn|Echo Hawk|2011}}
The [[California Gambling Control Commission]] made distributions to the tribe worth $1.1
==See also==
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==Sources==
* {{cite web |title=2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010|url=
* {{cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/tp/whereyoulive/tribes-a-z.htm |title=American Indian Environmental Office Tribal Portal: Tribes A-Z |website=US Environmental Protection Agency |
* {{cite web |url=http://library.sdsu.edu/guides/sub2.php?id=195&pg=193 |title=California Indians and Their Reservations: California Valley Miwok Tribe |website=San Diego State University Library and Information Access |year=2011 |
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|CVMT|2012|loc=Tribal Leadership}} |url=http://www.californiavalleymiwoktribe-nsn.gov/ |title=Government: Tribal Leadership |website=California Valley Miwok Tribe |
* {{cite web |last=Berry |first=Carol |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2011/01/24/miwok-tribe-settles-lengthy-sovereignty-dispute-13533 |title=Miwok Tribe Settles Lengthy Sovereignty Dispute |website=Indian Country Today |date=January 24, 2011 |
* {{cite letter |last=Echo Hawk |first=Larry |date=August 31, 2011 |url=http://www.narf.org/nill/documents/20110831doi-cvmt-letter.pdf |recipient=Silvia Burley and Yakima Dixie |subject=Reaffirmation of decision by BIA not to organize government of California Valley Miwok Tribe |accessdate=September 14, 2015
* {{cite book |last=Haas |first=Theodore H. |title=Ten Years of Tribal Government under I.R.A. |series=Tribal Relations Pamphlets |number=1 |publisher=United States Indian Service |year=1947 |url=https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/library/internet/subject/upload/Haas-TenYears.pdf
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Pritzker |first=Barry M. |contribution=Miwok |title=A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-513877-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxWJVc4ST0AC&pg=PA135
* {{cite web |title=Tribe's Suit Over Control Fight Lacks Evidence, Court Told |first=Caroline |last=Simson |date=May 1, 2015 |url=http://www.law360.com/articles/650178/tribe-s-suit-over-control-fight-lacks-evidence-court-told |website=Law360 |
==External links==
Each side in the ongoing dispute over governance has its own web presence. The tribal government run by Burley maintains its presence on [https://www.linkedin.com/in/california-valley-miwok-tribe-4081138a LinkedIn] and [https://www.facebook.com/californiavalleymiwok/ Facebook], with an archive of its former official -nsn.gov site
{{Miwok}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:California Valley Miwok Tribe}}
[[Category:Miwok tribes]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in California]]
[[Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States]]
[[Category:Plains and Sierra Miwok]]
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