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:''For the carol as a musical form see: [[Carol (music)|Carol]], [[Christmas carol]]''
The most documented form of secular dance during the Middle Ages is the carol also called the "carole" or "carola" and known from the 12th and 13th centuries in Western Europe in rural and court settings.<ref name="harvard">"Carole" in {{cite book|title=New Harvard Dictionary of Music|editor=Don Michael Randel|location=Cambridge, MA|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=1986|isbn=0-674-61525-5|url=https://archive.org/details/newharvarddictio00rand}}</ref> It consisted of a group of dancers holding hands usually in a [[circle dance|circle]], with the dancers singing in a leader and refrain style while dancing.<ref name="hoppin">{{cite book|title=Medieval Music|last=Hoppin|first=Richard H.|location=New York|publisher=[[W. W. Norton]]|year=1978|page=[https://archive.org/details/medievalmusic00hopp/page/296 296]|isbn=0-393-09090-6|url=https://archive.org/details/medievalmusic00hopp/page/296}}</ref> No surviving lyrics or music for the carol have been identified.<ref name="harvard"/> In northern France, other terms for this type of dance included "ronde" and its diminutives "rondet", "rondel", and "rondelet" from which the more modern music term "rondeau" derives.<ref name="hoppin"/> In the German-speaking areas, this same type of choral dance was known as "reigen".<ref name="sachs271">{{cite book|last=Sachs|first=Curt|title=World History of the Dance|location=New York|publisher=[[W. W. Norton]]|year=1963|page=271|isbn=0-393-00209-8}}</ref>
Mullally in his book on the carole makes the case that the dance, at least in France, was done in a [[circle dance|closed circle]] with the dancers, usually men and women interspersed, holding hands. He adduces evidence that the general progression of the dance was to the left (clockwise) and that the steps probably were very simple consisting of a step to the left with the left foot followed by a step on the right foot closing to the left foot.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mullally|first=Robert|title=The Carole: A Study of a Medieval Dance|location=Farnham, Surrey, England|publisher=Ashgate|year=2011|pages=41–50|isbn=978-1-4094-1248-9}}</ref>
===France===
====Chretien de Troyes==== [[File:Meister des Rosenromans 001.jpg|thumb|left|From a manuscript of the ''[[Roman de la rose]]'', c. 1430.]]
Some of the earliest mentions of the carol occur in the works of the French poet [[Chretien de Troyes]] in his series of [[Arthurian romance]]s. In the wedding scene in [[Erec and Enide]] (about 1170)
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