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==Early life and education==
Virginia Kirkus was born on December 7, 1893, in [[Meadville, Pennsylvania]]. During her childhood, she moved to [[Wilmington, Delaware]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=McHenry |editor-first=Robert |title=Kirkus, Virginia (1893—) |encyclopedia=Famous American Women: a Biographical dictionary from Colonial Times to the Present |year=1983 |publisher=Dover Publications, Inc. |location=New York |edition=Reprint |page=227 |url=https://archive.org/details/famousamericanwo00newy/page/226 |isbn=0486245233}}</ref>
For her post-secondary education, Kirkus received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] from [[Vassar College]] in 1916 before going to [[Teachers College, Columbia University]] for her postgraduate studies in 1917.<ref name=nasso>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Nasso |editor-first=Christine |title=Glick, Virginia Kirkus 1893— |encyclopedia=Contemporary Authors |year=1978 |series=Permanent |publisher=Gale Research Company |location=Detroit |volume=2 |page=215 |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryauth02kins/page/214 |isbn=0810300370}}</ref><ref name=brittanica>{{cite web |title=Virginia Kirkus |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virginia-Kirkus |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=November 3, 2019 |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref>
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==Career==
Kirkus taught history and English at a [[private school]] from 1917 to 1919 before leaving Delaware for New York in the 1920s. In New York, Kirkus was an assistant editor for ''[[Pictorial Review]]'''s fashion department and an editor for ''[[McCall's]]''.<ref name=nasso/><ref name=brittanica/> Kirkus moved to [[Harper & Brothers]] in 1925 and led the publisher's children's books section.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kirkus, Virginia |encyclopedia=Webster's dictionary of American women |year=1996 |publisher=Merriam-Webster Inc. |location=New York |page=340 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0765197936/page/340 |isbn=0765197936}}</ref> When Harper & Brothers closed the children's department in 1932, Kirkus declined another job with the publisher and left the company.<ref name=candee382>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Candee |editor-first=Majorie Dent |title=Kirkus, Virginia |encyclopedia=Current biography 1954 |year=1954 |publisher=H.W. Wilson Company |location=New York |page=382 |url=https://archive.org/details/currentbiography1954thom/page/382 |lccn=40-27432}}</ref>
While returning from a trip to Europe in 1932, Kirkus came up with the idea of creating brief reviews on upcoming books for bookshops.<ref name=pennsylvania>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Glick, Virginia Kirkus |encyclopedia=Pennsylvania Biographical Dictionary |year=1999 |publisher=Somerset Publishers |location=St Clair Shores, Michigan |page=469 |edition=Third |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HqhGvQF4CQC&pg=PA469 |isbn=0403099501}}</ref> Kirkus created the Virginia Kirkus Bookshop Service in 1933 as president and held the position until 1962. Kirkus reviewed 16,000 books during her tenure with her bookshop service.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Jackson |editor-first=Kenneth T. |editor2-last=Maroke |editor2-first=Karen E. |editor3-last=Maroke |editor3-first=Arnold |title=Kirkus, Virginia |encyclopedia=Dictionary of American biography |edition=Supplement Ten |year=1995 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |page=418 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofamer00jack/page/418 |isbn=068419399X}}</ref><ref name=kirkusreviews>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/about/history/ |website=Kirkus Reviews |access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref> After her departure, the Virginia Kirkus Bookshop Service was renamed multiple times in the 1960s before becoming ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' in 1969.<ref name=kirkusreviews/> Apart from book reviews, Kirkus published a book about health in 1922 and edited two children's books in the 1930s.<ref>Candee 1954, pp. 382-383</ref> Later on, Kirkus released a book about home renovation in 1940 and a gardening book in 1956.<ref name=brittanica/>
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[[Category:Women literary critics]]
[[Category:American magazine publishers (people)]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:People from Meadville, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni]]
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