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In [[World War II]], a strategic [[airfield]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] was located there, serving as a base for operations in the [[Pacific War|Pacific theatre]]. American forces eventually captured the island during the [[Battle of Biak]]. The captured airfield was renamed [[Mokmer Airfield]] and later transferred{{when|date=May 2014}} to the [[Royal Australian Air Force]]. {{citation needed|date=May 2014}} Biak became the second landing of allied forces after [[Jayapura|Hollandia]]. Many Biak islanders received supplies from allied forces such as clothes and foods.
To restore Dutch rule after the war they reopened schools and re-employed graduates from teacher schools in Miei. Some Biak islanders underwent education in ''Bestuur'' school like Frans Kaisieppo, Eduard Rumbrar, Markus Kaisiepo, Marttinus Rumayau, and Lukas Rumkorem. By September 1945, Lukas Rumkorem founded Perserikatan Indonesia Merdeka (PIM), the first political party in Biak which held meetings during September and November in Nusi and from January 1946 in Bosnek. Although Rumkorem's activity would be found out by ''Hoofd Plaatselik Bestuur'' (HPB), no further action would be taken as the HPB went on sick leave until the resident found out. By the middle of 1947, Lukas Rumkorem would be captured by Dutch authority accused of trying to kill [[Frans Kaisiepo]] and Marcus Kaisiepo. De Bruijn as district leader of Biak would reorganised and formed regional council ''Kakain Karkara'' on 20 November 1947 to rebuild villages which were destroyed after ''Koreri'' movements against social changes brought by outsiders.<ref name="Materay 2020 pp. 1–18">{{cite journal |
In his administration de Bruijn had a right hand man by the name of Stefanus Yoseph which was formerly under the employ of Japanese and met de Bruijn during his employment in Wissel Lakes (Paniai), Stefanus Yoseph was entrusted as warden in Biak, during which he stayed with Petero Jandi a [[makassarese people|Makassarese]] working as woodworker in HPB office. According to Stefanus, Petero Jandi was an Indonesian nationalist extremist (with links with Palombangkeng group from South Sulawesi) which was captured and exiled to Biak. When Solait the ''bestuurassistent'' was on holiday in [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], Stefanus was chosen as ''bestuurassistent''. During this time they supported two prisoners, Hermanus Rumere and Ambonese named Watti which led an attack on ammunition depot and Biak prison on 14 March 1948. Another important figure in this rebellion was Hanoch Rumbrar a clerk in HPB office, which became the intermediary between civillians and Petero Jandi's movement in garnering support and campaign from January to 10 March to became part of 'Soekarno's Republic'. They gained some support however some rejected not because of they were pro-Dutch but afraid of similar retaliation during Manseren incident (1942-1943). This movement also tried to coordinate with Silas Papare's [[Indonesian Irian Independence Party|PKII]] particularly with Saleh, [[Sam Ratulangi|Ratulangi]]'s exiled assistant in Serui. A week before this rebellion de Bruijn was on official travel. The plan was to attack KNIL garrison in Sorido followed with attack to central radio station and KNIL military post in Boruku field and Mokmer to gain weapons and free prisoners in Serui before invading Manokwari and Sorong. The rebellion did not go to plan and led to shootouts as one of local Biak youth, Terrianus shot Dutch Sergeant Schipper. By Monday, Stefanus Yoseph was captured, followed by Petero Jandi, Hanoch Rumbrar, and others the next day. Around 40 rebels would be captured and brought to Cipinang prison in Jakarta and released in 1950s. Petero Jandi would receive capital punishment in [[Jayapura|Hollandia]] while others holdouts in jungle, like Petrus Korwa and Hanoch Rumbrar were sent to [[Boven-Digoel concentration camp|Digul]].<ref name="Materay 2020 pp. 1–18">{{cite journal |
PIM activities would resume after the arrival of Corinus Krey from [[Jayapura|Hollandia]] on 7 August 1949. On 1 October 1949, there would be a meeting in the home of Yenures village leader, David Rumaropen to reorganise PIM and formally reactivated on 5 October 1949 in Bosnik, in the home of Lukas Rumkorem, with him as leader, Corinus Krey as deputy and J. Tarumaselly as advisor and Petrus Warikar as secretary. By 1958, a new movement led by Lukas Rumkorem was formed called Tentara Tjadangan Tjenderawasih (TTT), which according to J. Tarumaselly had branches in other region of Papua. This organisation sent some papuan youths to undergo military training outside Biak which was planned to guide Indonesia infiltration forces. TTT also made contacts with Indonesia Consulate General in Singapore to utilise Chinese-Indonesian as they move more freely with KPM ships other activities include surveillance of potential important locations in Biak by J. Tarumaselly and T. Rumngeur which was sent to Indonesian representatives in Singapore, Ambon, [[Jayapura|Hollandia]], and Serui. TTT activities would be stopped after Dutch authorities found out and captured David Woisiri, Rafael Maselkosu, J. Tarumaselly, Jonathan Saroy, and Frits Werluken member of TTT branch of Serui.<ref name="Materay 2020 pp. 1–18">{{cite journal |
It was transferred from Dutch rule, along with half of New Guinea, to Indonesia in the 1960s.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} On 15 August 1962, [[New York Agreement]] was signed, which contained provision for [[Act of Free Choice|Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat]]. From 29 September to 19 October 1962, there was a papuan delegations consisting of 19 members to visit Indonesian regions and meet with Sukarno in Jakarta. Another delegations from papuan regions consisted of 34 people declare their oaths for Indonesia, among these Biak sent 2 delegates, Ds. F.J.S. Rumainum and [[Frans Kaisiepo]]. Another declaration from education employees delegates consisted of 16 people with Biak represented by L. Manidbodibo and N. Urbinas.<ref name="Materay 2020 pp. 1–18">{{cite journal |
On 1 July 1998, the anniversary of the unsuccessful 1971 Papuan declaration of independence, Biak was the scene of what is commonly known as the 'Biak Massacre' or 'Bloody Biak'. Members of the ''Organisasi Papua Merdeka'' ([[Free Papua Movement]]), raised '[[Flag of West Papua|The Morning Star]]', at Kota Biak water tower and camped there for the next six days.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asiapac.org.fj/cafepacific/resources/aspac/biak.html |title=Behind The Biak Massacre |first=Andrew |last=Kilvert |work=Asia Pacific Network |date=1998-10-11 |access-date=2007-01-22| archive-url= http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011218084726/http%3A//www%2Easiapac%2Eorg%2Efj/cafepacific/resources/aspac/biak%2Ehtml| archive-date= December 18, 2001 | url-status= live}}</ref>
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==Economy==
The island is relatively rural and most Papuans on the island subsist off the land, primarily by fishing or gathering.<ref name="BBCAmindoniTan2021">{{cite web|
For generations, most Papuans have inherited "customary claims" to parcels of land that they live off of<ref name="BBCAmindoniTan2021"/> and these property rights are defended by both the property's owner and possibly also the property owner's clan.<ref name="BBCAmindoniTan2021"/>
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* [[Frans Kaisiepo]], 4th Governor of Papua (as West Irian) and National Hero of Indonesia
* [[Johannes Abraham Dimara]], Indonesian Army major and National Hero of Indonesia
* [[Beatrix Koibur]] - politician.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside Indonesia 64 - Mama Papua|url=http://papuaweb.org/dlib/jr/ii/67/annie2.htm|access-date=2021-12-18|website=papuaweb.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-07|title=
*[[Raema Lisa Rumbewas]] - Olympic weightlifter.
*[[Nitya Krishinda Maheswari]] - Badminton player, gold medalist at Southeast Asian Games and Asian Games.
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