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An important turning-point in the political and social life of the country took place on March 25, 1906, when the [[1906 Sammarinese citizenry meeting|Arengo met]]; out of 1,477 heads of family, 805 were present.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=sm011906|title=San Marino, 25. März 1906|website=Database and Search Engine for Direct Democracy|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> Each head of family received a ballot which contained two questions: the first asking if the Government of San Marino should be headed by a Principal and Sovereign Council, and the second, if the number of members of the Council should be proportionate between the city population and the rural population. This was the first move towards a referendum and true democracy in San Marino. In the past, similar attempts were made by people such as Pietro Franciosi, but without results. In the same year a second referendum took place on May 5 dealing with the first electoral laws and on June 10 the first political elections in San Marino's history resulted in a victory of the exponents of democracy.<ref name="sanmarinosite.com"/>
===World War I===
While Italy declared war on [[Austria-Hungary]] on 23 May 1915, San Marino remained neutral. Italy, suspecting that San Marino could harbour Austrian spies who could be given access to its new radiotelegraph station, tried to forcefully establish a detachment of [[Carabinieri]] on its territory and then suspended any telephone connections with the Republic when it did not comply.
Two groups of 10 volunteers each did join Italian forces in the fighting on the Italian front, the first as combatants and the second as a medical corps operating a [[Red Cross]] [[field hospital]]. It was the presence of this hospital that later caused Austrian authorities to suspend diplomatic relations with San Marino.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educazione.sm/scuola/servizi/CD_virtuali/lavori_scuole/sanmarino/prima_guerra_mondiale.htm |title=San Marino e la Prima Guerra Mondiale |publisher=Educazione.sm |url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327052112/http://www.educazione.sm/scuola/servizi/CD_virtuali/lavori_scuole/sanmarino/prima_guerra_mondiale.htm|archive-date = 27 March 2009}}</ref>
Although propaganda articles appeared in ''[[The New York Times]]'' as early as 4 June 1915 claiming that San Marino declared war on Austria-Hungary,<ref>{{cite web| url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807EFD91E3EE033A25757C0A9609C946496D6CF&scp=3&sq=san+marino&st=p| title = Tiny San Marino at war with Austria, The New York Times, 4 June 1915}}</ref> the republic never entered the war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanmarinosite.com/storia/guerremo.html |title=Guerre Mondiali e Fascismo nella storia di San Marino |publisher=Sanmarinosite.com |access-date=2014-05-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410122359/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/storia/guerremo.html |archive-date=2014-04-10 }}</ref>
===Inter-war period===
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