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|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | access-date = 2 March 2008}}</ref>
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'''Black pepper''' ('''''Piper nigrum''''') is a [[flowering plant|flowering]] [[vine]] in the family [[Piperaceae]], cultivated for its [[fruit]] (the '''[[Peppercorn tree|peppercorn]]'''), which is usually dried and used as a [[spice]] and [[seasoning]]. The fruit is a [[drupe]] (stonefruit) which is about {{convert|5|mm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter (fresh and fully mature), dark red, and contains a [[Pyrena|stone]] which encloses a single pepper [[seed]]. Peppercorns and the ground pepper derived from them may be described simply as ''pepper'', or more precisely as ''black pepper'' (cooked and dried unripe fruit), ''green pepper'' (dried unripe fruit), or ''white pepper'' (ripe fruit seeds).<ref name=kind>{{cite web |url=https://www.foodrepublic.com/2016/01/27/what-are-the-different-kinds-of-peppercorns/ |title=What Are The Different Kinds of Peppercorns? |last=Harrison |first=Paul |date=27 January 2016 |website=Food Republic |language=en-US |access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref>
Black pepper is native to the [[Malabar Coast]]<ref name="Sen, Colleen-Taylor">{{cite book |title= Food Culture in India – Food culture around the world |first=Colleen Taylor |last=Sen |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2004 |isbn=9780313324871 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIyV_5wrplMC |quote=Peppers, called the king of spices, are the dried berries of a tropical vine native to Kerala, which is India's major producer}}</ref><ref name="Hajeski">{{cite book |title=National Geographic Complete Guide to Herbs and Spices: Remedies, Seasonings, and Ingredients to Improve Your Health and Enhance Your Life |first=Nancy J |last=Hajeski |publisher=National Geographic Books |year=2016 |isbn=9781426215889 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmscDQAAQBAJ |page=236}}</ref> of [[India]], and the [[Malabar pepper]] is extensively cultivated there and in other [[tropical]] regions.
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