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During the first hundred years of [[History of the Philippines (1521-1898)|Spanish rule]], the Sambal, like most other non-Spanish groups in the Philippines during the colonial era, had their [[barangay|village structures]] reorganized and were forced into ''[[reducciones]]'' in order to assimilate them into [[Spanish culture|Spanish cultural]] norms.<ref name="AngMgaSambal">{{Cite web |title=Ninuno Mo, Ninuno Ko: Miguel de Loarca 6 |url=http://www.elaput.org/loarca05.htm |website=elaput.org |language=fil}}</ref> They were gradually Christianized by Spanish missionaries, especially after the establishment of [[Fort Paynauen]] (Paynaven) in what is now [[Botolan]].<ref name="Reed"/>
During the colonial period, the Sambals primarily sold valuable timber, which they shipped by [[bangka (boat)|indigenous boat]]s to [[Manila]]. This trade was often targeted by [[Moro pirate]]s, contributing to the relative poverty of the province in the 18th and 19th centuries. The sparsely-populated valley of the Zambales region was also later settled by migrants, largely from the [[Ilocos region|Ilocos]] and the [[Southern Tagalog|Tagalog regions]], leading to the modern decline in the Sambal identity and language.<ref name="Reed"/><ref>[https://www.sinupan.org/2019/02/27/the-historical-indung-kapampangan-evidence-from-history-and-place-names/ The Historical Indúng Kapampángan: Evidence from History and Place Names]</ref><br>[https://subliblog.com/2019/08/04/zambales-province-home-province-of-subic-bay-and-mt-pinatubo/ Zambales Province, Home Province of Subic Bay and Mt. Pinatubo]</br>
During the 1950s, hundreds of Sambals coming from [[Candelaria, Zambales|Candelaria]], [[Santa Cruz, Zambales|Santa Cruz]], and [[Masinloc, Zambales|Masinloc]] in Zambales migrated to an undeveloped and forested area in southern Palawan. They established a settlement which was later on named [[Panitian]]. Like in Masinloc, many residents of Panitian have their last names start with the letter E. Most common last names are Eclarino, Elefane, Echaluse, Echague, Español, Ebuen, Ebilane, Edquid, Escala, Edquilang, Ebueng, Ebuenga, Ebalo, Ejanda, Elacio, Elfa, Eliaso, Elgincolin, Edquibal, Ednalino, Edora, Espinoza, Ecaldre, Eufeminiano, Edilloran, Ermita, and Ecle. Those who came from Santa Cruz have their last names usually begin with the letter M, foremost of which are Misa, Mora, Moraña, Moralde and Meredor. Other common last names of Sambali people are Ángeles, Atrero, Agagas, Hebron, Hitchon, Hermoso, Hermosa, Hermana, and Hermogino. There are now approximately 6,000 Sambals residing in Palawan. Many of the Palawan Sambals have since moved to the provincial capital, [[Puerto Princesa]], settling in Mandaragat and New Buncag, in particular, although a majority still resides in Panitian.
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