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However, faced with demotion, Graziani ultimately followed orders, and four divisions of the 10th Army [[Italian invasion of Egypt| invaded Egypt]] on 9 September. The Italians achieved only modest gains in Egypt and then prepared a series of fortified camps to defend their positions. In December 1940, in [[Operation Compass]] the British counterattacked and completely defeated the 10th Army. On 25 March 1941, Graziani was replaced by General [[Italo Gariboldi]]. Graziani remained mostly inactive for the next two years. During his time in Italy, he played a role in suppressing the Italian anti-fascist movement.<ref>''Encyclopedia of World War II''</ref>
Graziani was the only Italian Marshal to remain loyal to Mussolini after the [[fall of the Fascist regime in Italy]], and he joined Mussolini in the north after the [[Armistice of Cassibile|Italian surrender]] (some say that he
When Mussolini fled northward on 25 April 1945, Graziani was left as the ''de facto'' leader of what remained of the Italian Social Republic. [[Death of Benito Mussolini|Mussolini was captured and executed on 28 April 1945]]. The following day, [[Surrender of Caserta|German forces in Italy surrendered]], and Graziani's own surrender followed on 1 May 1945.
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